Professions "social worker", "social educator" and "specialist in social work» officially registered in Russian state documents in March - April 1991 and created to solve social problems individual and society, including:
Social and psychological conflicts, crisis, stressful situations;
Emotional and psychological problems;
Need and poverty;
Alcoholism and drug addiction;
Violence and discrimination;
National Issues and Migration;
Crime and offense;
Unemployment and professional adaptation;
housing problem;
guardianship, guardianship, adoption;
Parental cruelty and others.
Currently, the profession of a social worker and its skills are in great demand. We need, in fact, a specialist with a wide profile, who owns the basics of legal, medical, psychological knowledge. Such a specialist is a social worker, whose main labor operations include:
Collection and analysis of personal information;
Diagnostics of the microenvironment;
Forecast of further development and socialization of the individual;
Prevention and social therapy of negative environmental phenomena;
Organizational and communicative pedagogization of the environment;
Protective and legal protection;
Educational and educational tasks;
Compilation and maintenance of documentation;
Working with the teaching staff.
Now it has become real, but a new problem has arisen - the threat of discrediting the profession.
Heads of institutions, when determining the scope of duties of a social worker, proceed from the needs of their institution. But, as often happens, they try to cover the entire subject field of the profession. Therefore, the practice of "patching holes" has become widespread. The task of a social work specialist is not this, it sounds like this:
“Timely identify emerging problems in the immediate environment; understand and eliminate the causes that give rise to them; to ensure the prevention of various negative phenomena that can be revealed in the microenvironment. At the same time, the social worker should not wait to be contacted for help. In an ethically acceptable form, he himself "gets in touch" with a person and his family.
The problematic field of social work is huge and includes all the variety of life situations and conflicts of people. different ages and social position. The problematic field of a social worker of a particular institution is formed on the basis of a real social order, the specifics of the contingent of the institution, its departmental subordination, type and type, as well as the professional background of a specialist.
Each institution needs a special approach, for example, in rural high school per 100 students there are 8 children who have behavior called maladaptive, in the social rehabilitation center this figure is much higher, it is 24 out of 100 according to the results of the survey, and here the specifics of the work of a social worker in various institutions are manifested.
In his practice, a social work specialist performs various social roles. First of all, he is an intermediary in the context: "man - family - society", a link between the citizen and the state-social strata called upon to take care of the citizen.
At the same time, a social worker is a defender of the interests of a person, a defender of his rights and the rights of each family.
Also, the social worker must be a participant joint activities, the lead organizer of this activity. He is a kind of spiritual mentor who, as it were, leads a person and his family, provides psychological support for a long time, takes care of the formation of social values in society.
At the same time, he is a social therapist, preventing and resolving conflict situations of his wards.
I approve
_______________________________ _________ _______________________________
(organizational and legal form, (signature) (full name, position of head
name of the organization or other official
enterprise) of a person authorized to approve
job description)
"__" _________________ 20___
Job description
social work specialist
___________________________________________________
(name of institution, organization, enterprise)
This job description has been developed and approved for
basis employment contract with a social worker
According to Labor Code Russian Federation, Decree
Goskomtruda of the USSR of April 23, 1991 N 92 "On the addition
qualification directory of positions of managers, specialists and
employees and on the establishment of official salaries of specialists in social
work" and other regulatory legal acts regulating labor
legal relations.
1. General Provisions
1.1. The social worker belongs to the category
specialists and reports directly to ____________________________.
(Job title
manager)
1.2. Hired for the position of social worker
person with higher professional education by specialty
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________,
no requirement for work experience.
1.3. On the position of social worker appointed and
dismissed from office _____________________________________________.
(name of the position of the head)
1.4. The social worker should know:
- the Constitution of the Russian Federation;
- laws and other regulations legal acts, methodological documents in
the field of social services for citizens, families and state
family policy, protection of motherhood and childhood;
- norms of family, labor, housing legislation,
regulating the protection of motherhood and childhood, the rights of minors,
pensioners, disabled people;
- Fundamentals of criminal and civil law;
- Fundamentals of psychology and sociology;
- basics of general and family pedagogy;
- program-methodical literature on social work;
- the procedure and organization of the establishment of guardianship, guardianship,
adoption, deprivation of parental rights, referral to special educational
educational institutions;
- advanced domestic and overseas experience social work;
- forms and methods of educational and social work;
- the specifics of work in a different social environment;
- organization of medical and social work, health education,
hygiene education of the population and propaganda healthy lifestyle life;
- national features of life and family education, folk
traditions of the region;
- rules and regulations traffic, labor protection, technology
safety, industrial sanitation and fire protection;
- rules on labor protection and fire safety.
1.5. Professionally important qualities: ____________________________.
(list qualities)
2. Job responsibilities
The social worker is responsible for:
job responsibilities:
2.1. Identification at an enterprise (in an association, organization,
institution), in the supervised microdistrict (district) of families and individuals,
in need of socio-medical, legal, psychological
pedagogical, material and other assistance, protection of moral,
physical and mental health and the implementation of their patronage.
2.2. Establishing the cause of their difficulties, conflict
situations, including at the place of work, study, etc., providing them
assistance in their resolution and social protection.
2.3. Promoting the integration of the activities of various government
and public organizations and institutions to provide the necessary
social and economic assistance to the population.
2.4. Carrying out work among the population to promote healthy
lifestyle, family planning, hygiene
norms, fire protection measures, prevention of domestic and road
traffic injuries, offenses.
2.5. Consulting on various issues social assistance and
protection.
2.6. Conducting psychological, pedagogical and legal consultations
on issues of family and marriage, educational work with minors with
antisocial behaviour.
2.7. Assistance in family education to persons experiencing
the negative impact of the social environment at the place of residence, study,
employment, employment of minors, conclusion of employment contracts
on housework for women with minor children, disabled people,
pensioners.
2.8. Identifying and assisting children and adults in need
in guardianship and guardianship, placement in medical and medical-educational
institutions, receiving material, social and other assistance.
2.9. Submission of materials and documents to the relevant authorities
to bring a claim for deprivation of parental rights, registration
adoption, guardianship, guardianship.
2.10. Organization of public protection of minors
offenders, if necessary, acting as their
public defender in court.
2.11. Participation in the creation of centers for social assistance to families,
adoption, guardianship and guardianship, social rehabilitation, shelters,
youth, teenagers, children and family centers, clubs and
associations, interest groups, etc.
2.12. Organization and coordination of work on social adaptation and
rehabilitation of persons returning from special educational
institutions and places of detention.
3. Worker's rights
The social worker has the right to:
3.1. Request and receive the necessary information and documents,
related to its activities.
3.2. Make suggestions to the immediate supervisor
improvement of work related to the provisions of this
job description duties.
3.3. Require management to assist in the implementation
their professional duties and exercise of rights.
3.4. Improve qualifications in the manner prescribed by law.
3.5. For all social guarantees provided for by law.
3.6. Other rights provided labor law.
4. Responsibility of the employee
The social worker is responsible for:
4.1. For failure to perform or improper performance of their duties
responsibilities under this job description
within the limits determined by the current labor legislation of the Russian Federation.
4.2. For causing material damage employer - within,
determined by the current labor and civil legislation of the Russian Federation.
4.3. For offenses committed in the course of exercising their
activities, - within the limits determined by the current administrative,
criminal, civil legislation of the Russian Federation.
Head of Human Resources
_________________________
(initials, surname)
_________________________
(signature)
"__" _____________ 20__
Agreed:
Head of the legal department
_________________________
(initials, surname)
_________________________
(signature)
"__" _____________ 20__
Familiarized with the instructions:
_________________________
(initials, surname)
_________________________
(signature)
"__" _____________ 20__
Social work presents high requirements to those who have chosen it as their profession. We have already seen what complex complex problems it is aimed at solving, what principles should be observed in this activity, what versatile training a social worker should have. The set of general typical requirements for a social worker constitutes his professional portrait. This systemic description of social, psychological and other requirements for a carrier of a profession is sometimes referred to as a professiogram, in some cases it is specified as a list of requirements in relation to a particular area of social work.
The professional portrait of a social worker is described in some detail in the scientific and educational literature and includes such basic components as theoretical training, practical skills and certain personal qualities. Theoretical knowledge is the basis professional portrait social work specialist. As we know, social work has a multidisciplinary nature and therefore the theoretical training of a social worker should include knowledge of such basic disciplines for social work as sociology, psychology, social pedagogy, legal cycle disciplines, conflictology, etc.
Since a social work specialist often deals with antisocial personalities, in particular, with adolescents prone to deviant behavior, he must have knowledge in the field of sociology and psychology of deviant behavior, psychodiagnostics, criminology, developmental psychology and pedagogy. The diversity of social work clients obliges its representatives to possess a number of competencies that allow them to provide services to different clients - the homeless and unemployed, the lonely and the elderly, "difficult teenagers" and people with disabilities. This, in turn, imposes a requirement to have a stock of knowledge that allows one to understand and analyze the causes of difficult life situations in different types of clients, to know their specifics.
Living in a society and dealing with representatives of different social groups, a social work specialist must have a clear understanding of the social structure of society, the economic, social, political and cultural processes taking place in it, about different areas of public life, about needs, interests, norms various strata and subcultures. Therefore, he must be prepared in the field of social and human sciences, providing the general cultural level of a person and the level of his social education. This is facilitated by the study in the process of professional training of philosophy, history, economic theory, political science, cultural studies, disciplines of the aesthetic cycle.
A professional portrait of a social worker requires knowledge sufficient to be able to understand a representative of any social group, his needs and interests, doubts and worries, tastes and preferences in different areas of life. In order to be able to understand the inner world and thoughts of another individual, a social worker must have a fair amount of his own potential in the field of humanitarian knowledge, as well as be oriented in such areas as art, religion. A social work specialist needs basic knowledge from the field of medicine, gerontology, psychiatry, since the clients of social work are often people with health problems, some deviations from mental norm requiring basic care.
Another important component of the professional portrait of a social worker is the practical skills that he acquires in the process. professional activity, as well as while studying at a professional educational institution - a university or college (school, technical school). They represent a whole range of skills of a different nature - from the simplest skills to provide elementary domestic services and first aid to more complex ones, such as socio-psychological and socio-legal counseling.
Most of professional competencies associated with the process of interaction between a specialist and a client. This includes the ability to establish contact with your ward, trusting relationships, organize cooperation in finding solutions to the problems facing him. Among the specific techniques that a specialist should master, such as active listening, centering on the client, empathic understanding, protection from the effect of one's own "emotional burnout", etc. These skills and abilities are studied in more detail in the course "methods and technologies of social work", and also within some special disciplines and disciplines of specialization.
Currently, the training program for social work specialists includes various types of practice, which are designed to help acquire practical skills while still in the process of studying at a university or college. However, the amount of time devoted to these types of training and the level of its organization cannot yet be considered sufficient. In order to rectify the situation, it is necessary to develop closer links between vocational education institutions and social services.
Personal qualities are also of fundamental importance in the structure of the portrait of a social worker, since such a responsible humanitarian activity as social work dealing with people who are in a vulnerable, dependent position cannot be carried out formally, only for the sake of accountability and remuneration. In this case, it is doomed to failure. Unfortunately, at present, from the media, we know many examples of a formal, and sometimes dishonest attitude. social workers to your duties. In this case, first of all, their wards suffer, of course.
Thus, a case is known that took place in the Leninsky district of Krasnoyarsk, when social workers came to a very elderly lonely and practically non-walking woman living in a hostel extremely irregularly and did not follow all the required procedures. As a result, the elderly citizen nearly died of exhaustion. She was saved by worried neighbors who opened the door and fed the unfortunate old woman, helped her with hygiene procedures, and also invited television to publicize this situation. This example shows that in the absence of appropriate personal qualities a social worker may treat his duties formally, even commit obvious violations, taking advantage of the fact that their results are not always and immediately noticeable, and his wards may not always demand the services they are due and stand up for themselves.
Social services should take all measures to avoid such manifestations. And this is possible if ordinary social workers, specialists, administrators-managers properly treat their work, and hence clients, realize the importance and social responsibility that they carry to society. There are different points of view as to whether personal qualities should be included in the professional portrait of a social work specialist, or whether they already constitute his spiritual and moral portrait. On this occasion, it can be noted that the absence of these qualities leads to the inefficiency of all his activities and makes it impossible to achieve the intended results, therefore, makes the employee unprofessional. This proves that the presence of appropriate qualities is a condition for the professionalism of a social worker, and therefore is also an element of his professional portrait.
Among the measures that ensure the proper level of professionalism of social workers may be the creation of a system of continuous education - professional orientation in schools so that random people do not come to the faculties of social work, then selection for admission to vocational education institutions. This requires appropriate methods that allow you to determine not only the level of knowledge, but also the personal orientation, communication skills of the applicant. Finally, when applying for a job in social services, an appropriate professional selection is necessary, which should include procedures to determine how the applicant for a particular vacancy meets the requirements, whether he has the proper general professional and social and personal competencies.
Within themselves social institutions all employees should monitor the performance of their duties and apply incentives, and, if necessary, penalties, depending on the quality of performance by employees. An important way to maintain and grow the professionalism of social workers is systematic professional development. A similar form of retraining currently exists in the system of higher professional education. To promote the growth of professional motivation, the maintenance of a system of professional values should be public organizations of social workers and social institutions that focus on innovative forms and methods of work, professionally oriented media.
All the personal qualities of a social worker, necessary for him in the process of activity, are usually divided into three groups. The first group consists of individual psychophysiological characteristics that characterize mental processes and states - perception, memory, thinking, level of anxiety, impulsivity, restraint, stress resistance. The second group is formed by the socio-psychological qualities of a specialist as a person - the ability to self-control, self-criticism, responsibility, honesty and openness. The third group includes psychological and pedagogical qualities that ensure the effectiveness of direct interaction with the client - sociability, empathy, attractiveness (neatness in clothes, external attractiveness).
Along with the general portrait of a social work specialist, one can single out his more specific types depending on specialization. Specialization in social work deserves special consideration, since the social worker in a sense must be universally trained. However, a number of situations and problems require special knowledge and skills. How to resolve this dilemma and avoid narrow reductionism on the one hand, and scholastic universalism on the other? The way out of this situation is seen in the formation of a new type of specialization in social work - specialization not on any particular problem, but on a real object, in our case, the client as a carrier of a complex of certain problems.
In this way, the integrity of the consideration of the difficult life situation of the client can be ensured. Without dividing it into economic, socio-psychological, medical problems and without dividing their solution into different institutions and departments, social work is able to provide their comprehensive solution. With this approach, multidisciplinarity and multifunctionality are not lost, and, along with this, it is possible to fill this wide range of activities with specific content.
An integrated approach to solving social problems and the multifunctionality of social work make it possible to single out a number of professional functions of a social work specialist. Among them:
Diagnostic, meaning the desire of a social worker to establish the causes of the client's problems;
Advocacy, consisting in the representation and protection of the interests of their clients;
Socio-therapeutic, or compensatory, implemented through the provision of support in difficult life situations, the provision of various types of assistance, social services;
Social and preventive, involving the use by a social worker in his activities of methods that prevent the occurrence of social problems;
Prognostic, consisting in the analysis of possible changes in the behavior of the client in the future;
Projective, manifested in the planning of the immediate and long-term results of the intervention;
The function of social control, which provides for the monitoring of deviant behavior and the application of social sanctions;
Organizational and administrative, manifested in management activities and interaction with others social institutions.
The professional roles of a social worker can be classified in a more differentiated way. Foreign authors distinguish the professional roles of a social worker depending on his “working” functionality:
A broker is a social worker who directs people to appropriate services that may be useful to them, in order to enable people to use the social service system and link these services.
A mediator, a "buffer" is a social worker who stands between two people, a person and a group or two groups, in order to help people overcome differences and work productively together.
Lawyer, defender - a social worker who fights for the rights and dignity of people who need this help. Its activities include fighting for service, helping individuals, groups, communities, fighting for change in laws or practices from the standpoint of a whole class of people.
Evaluator - a social worker who collects information, evaluates the problems of people, groups; helps to make a decision for action.
A mobilizer is a social worker who gathers, sets in motion, launches, activates, organizes the actions of already existing or new groups to solve problems. Mobilization can also be carried out at the individual level.
A teacher is a social worker who imparts information and knowledge and helps people develop skills.
A Behavior Corrector is a social worker who works to make changes in the behavioral stereotypes, skills, and perceptions of people or groups.
A counselor is a social worker who works with other workers to help them improve their problem-solving skills.
A community designer is a social worker who plans the development of activity programs.
An information manager is a social worker who collects, categorizes and analyzes data about the social environment.
An administrator is a social worker who manages an institution, program, project or social service.
Practitioner - a social worker who provides specific assistance, care (financial, domestic, physical).
The formation of a professional portrait of a social worker begins long before he enters the service of a social institution. We have seen how important it is which applicants come to universities for the specialty of social work and the quality of training they receive at universities. The development of a multi-level system of social education is called upon to promote better training of future social workers.
The concept of social education includes two aspects: in a broad sense, social education is understood as the study of social and humanitarian disciplines in all educational institutions from high school to university. The result of it should be greater competence of the entire population in matters of public life, its correct and deeper understanding and better preparedness for it. In a narrow sense, social education is understood as the training of specialists for the social sphere - social workers and social educators, psychologists, social animators, sociologists, etc. In other words, social education aims at high-quality training of socionomists - specialists in the social sphere.
Both of these aspects of social education are important. The second is insofar as the staffing of social services depends on it. But the first aspect is no less important, since it makes it possible to make society more enlightened in various issues of public life, people - more prepared for various social situations, more tolerant and law-abiding, to raise the level of general and legal culture, reduce the number of antisocial manifestations and social tension in society.
1.1. In the absence of medical contraindications, a person with a higher (bachelor's degree, specialist's) or secondary vocational education, or who has passed professional retraining in accordance with the profile of activity.
1.2. The social worker should know:
1) regulatory legal acts in the field of social protection of the population;
2) national standards of the Russian Federation in the field of social services;
3) the main directions of the policy of social protection of the population at the federal, regional, municipal levels;
4) goals, tasks and functions of bodies and institutions of social services;
5) types and characteristics of citizens - recipients of social services;
6) a typology of the problems of citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation, of various etiologies (social, socio-medical, socio-psychological, socio-legal, etc.);
7) national and regional features of life and family education, folk traditions;
8) socio-cultural, socio-psychological, psychological and pedagogical foundations of interpersonal interaction, features of personality psychology;
9) types, structure and content of documents required for the provision of social services;
10) theory and technology of social work and conditions for their application;
11) the basics of integrated approaches to assessing the needs of citizens in the provision of social services and measures of social support;
12) methods for diagnosing a difficult life situation;
13) features of social work with different individuals and groups of the population;
14) the basics of document management, modern standard requirements for reporting, frequency and quality of the provision of documentation, the maintenance of which belongs to the terms of reference of a social work specialist;
15) the basics of self-organization and self-education of social work specialists;
16) requirements for the confidentiality of personal information, storage and handling of personal data of citizens who have applied for social services and social support;
17) Russian and foreign experience of practical social work;
18) basics of design, forecasting and modeling in social work;
19) the basis for drawing up an individual program for the provision of social services;
20) the main types of problems arising from citizens - recipients of social services;
21) main forms and types of social services;
22) ways to activate personal resources and resources of the social environment;
23) the infrastructure for the implementation of social services in municipality, local community resources;
24) the composition of the documents required for the provision of social services to citizens who applied to social services and institutions;
25) regulations for maintaining documentation;
26) the system of social services and social service institutions at the regional and municipal level, their goals, objectives and functions;
27) goals, principles and foundations of administrative and organizational activities for the implementation of social services for the population;
28) the goals, principles and foundations of organizing social mediation between the recipient of social services and various social institutions to represent the interests of citizens - recipients of social services and solve their social problems;
29) regulations for interdepartmental interaction;
30) the scope of professional responsibility of specialists in related professions (psychologist, social pedagogue, lawyer, defectologist, rehabilitation specialist, etc.);
31) methods and technology of self-actualization of citizens - recipients of social services;
32) basics of valeology, social medicine;
33) economic fundamentals social work;
34) legal framework social work;
35) psychological and socio-pedagogical foundations of social work;
36) personality psychology;
37) developmental psychology;
38) functions and technology of activity of the employment service;
39) features of the use of social technologies in the Russian Federation and abroad;
40) the basics of self-organization and self-education of social work specialists;
41) Internal labor regulations;
42) labor protection requirements and fire safety rules;
43) ……… (other requirements for the necessary knowledge)
1.3. The social worker must be able to:
1) conduct an individual survey of citizens in order to identify their difficult life situation;
2) carry out social counseling;
3) analyze oral and written appeals of citizens to the organization of social protection of the population;
4) record the information received from the citizen;
5) store and process personal data;
6) ensure verification of the information received from the citizen;
7) enter the received information into databases in accordance with the requirements of the software;
8) establish contacts with the social environment of the citizen;
9) generalize and systematize information concerning a difficult life situation and methods of overcoming it;
10) ensure effective interaction with citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation;
11) show sensitivity, courtesy, attention, restraint, foresight, patience towards citizens and take into account their physical and psychological condition;
12) use the basic methods, ways and means of obtaining, storing, processing information, skills in working with a computer as a means of managing information, including in global networks;
13) work with documents, draw up reports on the results of activities;
14) improve their professional qualifications in the field of implementation of the labor function;
15) predict the results of the provision of social services and social support to a citizen in need of their receipt;
16) specify the purpose of providing social services and social support to a citizen on the basis of the diagnostics carried out and taking into account his life plans;
17) justify the use of specific social work technologies, types and forms of social services and social support measures in relation to a specific case;
18) apply methods for diagnosing a person, abilities and inclinations that allow updating the position of a citizen who has applied for services and ensure the implementation of self-help and mutual assistance;
19) interact with other professionals, institutions, organizations and communities in the provision of social services and social support measures;
20) take into account the individual characteristics of a citizen who has applied for social services;
21) correlate the individual social service program with his social expectations and needs;
22) improve their professional qualifications in the field of implementation of the labor function;
23) identify the problem of a citizen who is in a difficult life situation, evaluate the possibilities of solving it by attracting relevant specialists (institutions);
24) draw up the documents necessary for the admission of needy citizens for social service(permanent or temporary), or the provision of social support measures;
25) choose the best ways to solve the problem of a citizen through the formation and coordination with the citizen of an individual program for the provision of social services and the provision of social support measures;
26) refer recipients of social services to specialized social institutions (divisions) and / or to specialized specialists;
27) use optimal combination various forms and types of social services, technologies of social rehabilitation, adaptation, correction, etc.;
28) choose the most efficient technologies social work, applicable to the individual characteristics of the recipients of social services and their life situations;
29) ensure the coordination of the activities of specialists in solving urgent problems of social services for citizens;
30) provide an integrated approach in the implementation of an individual program for the provision of social services and the provision of measures of social support to citizens by specialists in related professions (psychologist, rehabilitation specialist, social pedagogue, lawyer, speech pathologist, etc.);
31) ensure the integration of the activities of various state and public organizations in the implementation of an individual program for the provision of social services and the provision of social support measures;
32) ensure representation of the interests of recipients of social services;
33) motivate citizens - recipients of social services to actively participate in the implementation of an individual program for the provision of social services and the provision of social support measures, use the methods and technologies of self-actualization;
34) provide services for social support of citizens in the process of implementing the implementation of an individual program for the provision of social services and the provision of social support measures;
35) draw up a social passport of a family and a citizen to ensure a comprehensive assessment of the process and results of the implementation of an individual program for the provision of social services and the provision of social support measures;
36) organize individual preventive measures with citizens at the place of residence (actual stay) in the form of consultations, assistance in organizing employment, health improvement, recreation, provision of social, legal, medical, educational, psychological, rehabilitation and other necessary services;
37) use the basics of legal knowledge in the field of providing social services and social support measures;
38) improve their professional qualifications in the field of implementation of the labor function;
39) be willing to participate in pilot projects and use innovative technologies social services for the population, taking into account the individual characteristics of the recipients of social services;
40) ……… (other skills and abilities)
1.4. Social work specialist in his field
guided by:
1) ……… (name of constituent document)
2) Regulations on ……… (name of the structural unit)
3) this job description;
4) ……… (names of local regulations governing
job functions by position)
1.5. The social work specialist reports directly to ……… (title of the position of the head)
1.6. ……… (other general provisions)
2. Labor functions
2.1. Activities for the implementation of social services and measures of social support for the population:
1) identification of citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation;
2) determination of the volume, types and forms of social services and measures of social support that a citizen needs to overcome a difficult life situation or prevent its occurrence;
3) organization of social services and social support for citizens, taking into account their individual needs.
2.2. ……… (other functions)
3. Job responsibilities
3.1. The social worker has the following responsibilities:
3.1.1. As part of the labor function specified in subparagraph 1 of paragraph 2.1 of this job description:
1) organizes the primary reception of citizens;
2) carries out primary verification and analysis of documents that testify to the problems of citizens who have applied for social services and social support measures;
3) identifies missing information and (or) information requiring additional verification;
4) collects and processes additional information, indicating the problems of a citizen who applied for the provision of social services or measures of social support;
5) carry out diagnostics of a difficult life situation of a citizen, establish its causes and nature;
6) identify and evaluate the individual need of a citizen for various types and forms of social service and social support;
7) advises citizens who have applied to the system of social protection of the population on the possibilities of providing them with social services and measures of social support;
8) advises citizens who have applied to the social protection authorities on the documents required to receive a certain type of social services and social support measures;
9) keeps records of citizens who are in a difficult life situation and need to provide them with various types of social services and social support;
10) reveals the circumstances of the occurrence of a difficult life situation by organizing surveys, monitoring the living conditions of citizens at the place of residence (actual stay), determining the reasons that can lead them to a situation that poses a danger to life and (or) health, data analysis statistical reporting conducting, if necessary, selective sociological surveys of the population;
11) leads necessary documentation in accordance with modern standard requirements for reporting, frequency and quality of documentation.
3.1.2. As part of the labor function specified in subparagraph 2 of paragraph 2.1 of this job description:
1) select technologies, types and forms of social services, measures of social support necessary to achieve a specific goal;
2) coordinates with the citizen the goals of providing social services and providing measures of social support;
3) reveals the potential of a citizen and his immediate environment in solving problems associated with a difficult life situation;
4) carries out the development and coordination with the citizen of an individual program for the provision of social services and measures of social support;
5) plans actions to achieve the goals of providing social services and social support to a citizen;
6) determine the required scope of services for the implementation of an individual program for the provision of social services and social support measures;
7) establishes the terms and frequency of the provision of social services (permanent, periodic, one-time) for the implementation of an individual program for the provision of social services;
8) provides comprehensive interaction with other specialists, institutions, organizations and communities to provide assistance in overcoming a difficult life situation of a citizen and measures to prevent its deterioration.
3.1.3. As part of the labor function specified in subparagraph 3 of paragraph 2.1 of this job description:
1) organizes assistance in preparing the documents necessary for admission to social services or the provision of social support measures;
2) organizes the provision of social, social, medical, socio-psychological, socio-pedagogical, socio-legal, socio-economic, social and rehabilitation services, social support services for citizens, as well as social support measures;
3) provides mediation between a citizen in need of the provision of social services or measures of social support, and various specialists (institutions) in order to represent the interests of the citizen and solve his social problems;
4) organizes interdepartmental interaction in order to meet the needs of citizens in various types of social services;
5) advises on various issues related to the provision of social services and the provision of social support measures;
6) identify and evaluate the personal resources of citizens - recipients of social services and the resources of their social environment;
7) promotes the activation of the potential and own capabilities of citizens - recipients of social services, the expansion of opportunities for self-help and mutual assistance;
8) promotes the mobilization of citizens' own resources and the resources of their social environment to overcome a difficult life situation and prevent its deterioration;
9) organizes work to involve civil society institutions in social work;
10) organize preventive work to prevent the emergence and (or) development of a difficult life situation.
3.1.4. As part of the implementation of their labor functions carries out the instructions of his immediate supervisor.
3.1.5. ……… (other duties)
3.2. In the performance of his duties, a social worker
observes the principles of humanity, fairness, objectivity and
goodwill, professional and ethical requirements for activities
social work specialist.
3.3. ……… (other job descriptions)
4. Rights
The social worker has the right to:
4.1. Participate in the discussion of draft decisions, in meetings on their preparation and implementation.
4.2. Ask the immediate supervisor for clarifications and clarifications on these instructions, issued assignments.
4.3. Request, on behalf of the immediate supervisor, and receive from other employees of the organization the necessary information, documents necessary for the execution of the assignment.
4.4. Get acquainted with the draft decisions of the management regarding the function performed by him, with documents defining his rights and obligations in his position, criteria for assessing the quality of the performance of his labor functions.
4.5. Submit proposals on the organization of labor within the framework of their labor functions for consideration by their immediate supervisor.
4.6. Participate in the discussion of issues related to executable official duties.
4.7. ……… (other rights)
5. Responsibility
5.1. The Social Worker is responsible for:
For improper performance or non-performance of their official duties provided for by this job description - in the manner established by the current labor legislation of the Russian Federation, accounting legislation;
For offenses and crimes committed in the course of their activities - in the manner prescribed by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation of the Russian Federation;
For causing damage to the organization - in the manner prescribed by the current labor legislation of the Russian Federation.
5.2. ……… (other liability provisions)
6. Final provisions
6.1. This manual has been developed on the basis of professional standard"", approved by the Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation of October 22, 2013 N 571n, taking into account ... ... ... (details of the organization's local regulations)
6.2. Familiarization of the employee with this job description is carried out upon employment (before signing the employment contract).
The fact that the employee is familiarized with this job description is confirmed by ……… (signature on the familiarization sheet, which is an integral part of this instruction (in the journal of familiarization with job descriptions); in a copy of the job description kept by the employer; otherwise)
6.3. ……… (other final provisions).
Professional qualities of a specialist
The professional activity of a social work specialist is determined by the following functions:
diagnostic - a specialist studies the characteristics of groups of people or an individual, determines the influence of the microenvironment on them, puts a "social diagnosis";
prognostic - a specialist predicts the development of processes in which groups of people and individuals find themselves, develops models of their social behavior;
human rights - a specialist uses laws and legal acts that are aimed at providing assistance to the population, its protection;
Organizational - a specialist contributes to the organization of social services, attracts public assistants to their work;
preventive-preventive - a specialist uses legal, psychological, medical, pedagogical and other mechanisms to prevent negative phenomena in groups and society;
socio-medical - a specialist is engaged in the prevention of diseases, uses the skills of providing first aid medical care promotes the preparation of young people for family life, is engaged in occupational therapy;
socio-pedagogical - a specialist identifies the interests and needs of clients in different types activities (cultural and leisure, artistic creativity, sports and health) and attracts relevant specialists and institutions to work with them;
psychological - social - the worker promotes social adaptation and social rehabilitation to those in need, advises on interpersonal relations;
social and domestic - a specialist helps in helping the disabled, the elderly, young families and others in improving living conditions, in solving housing problems;
Communicative - the specialist establishes contact with clients, organizes the exchange of information, develops a unified strategy for the interaction of all participants in resolving the problems of those in need.
In carrying out these diverse professional functions, the social worker uses certain approaches to solve client problems:
ü an educational approach, when a specialist acts as a teacher or an expert and gives advice, teaches the skills of his clients;
ü a facilitation approach, in which the specialist plays the role of an assistant or mediator, interprets the behavior of clients, discusses alternative directions in their activities;
ü advocacy approach, when a specialist acts as a lawyer on behalf of a particular client or group of people and puts forward enhanced arguments in favor of the client.
In the implementation of these approaches, social workers are given confidence by knowledge and experience, legalized authority, status and reputation, charismatic data and personal attractiveness, possession of information.
Knowledge and experience
Knowledge and experience are acquired in the process of study and life practice of a specialist. Knowledge and experience are applied in interpersonal relationships. Ability to interview, provide support, establish feedback, to mediate allow the specialist to achieve changes in the behavior of clients.
Knowledge and experience are necessary in a differentiated approach to clients, when a specialist determines their abilities and interests at various stages life path, in various crisis states. The skills and experience of specialists are used in managing the activities of social services, recruiting personnel and choosing the necessary technologies.
Knowledge, skills and experience of specialists are in demand in the specialization:
· some work in the direction of helping the poor;
Others - in the field of crime prevention;
third - in the direction of support for the disabled and the elderly;
fourth - in work with children and families.
The knowledge and skills of a specialist are necessary for his orientation in the problems of modeling and forecasting the prospects for the development of social systems, groups and society. Clients benefit from the knowledge of a specialist in sources and supply systems social services population, as well as its knowledge of the specifics of the activities of social institutions (schools, hospitals, public services).
Legal powers
The position of a social worker has been legalized in Russia since 1991 with the introduction of the corresponding profession. His legitimate powers increase the credibility and trust of customers.
Status and reputation
The status of a social worker is a reflection of his position in society. It largely depends on the policy of the state.
The reputation of a social worker develops in the process of his interaction with environment. First of all, it depends on the specialist himself, his personal qualities and professionalism. The more people are convinced of the deep knowledge, rich life experience of a social worker, his attentiveness and benevolence towards people, the higher his reputation.
Charismatic Data and Personal Attractiveness
The reputation of some social workers is greatly enhanced by their attractiveness to others, charm, and even their charismatic features. The personal attractiveness of specialists enhances it positive influence on people.
Charismatic features (rare giftedness of a person with talents from nature) contribute to the promotion of a specialist to higher positions on the career ladder, acquiring a higher status in society.
Information Possession
Problems of people in trouble life situation are exacerbated by the lack of reliable and complete information about them. Therefore, the awareness of a social work specialist is highly valued, which disposes clients and instills confidence in his competence.
Requirements for the professional qualities of a specialist
So, summarizing the idea of professional qualities specialist, it is necessary to clearly formulate the requirements for a professional.
The specialist must:
ü have knowledge in various fields of psychology, pedagogy, physiology, economics, medicine, legislation, computer science, etc., that is, have good professional training;
o have a high common culture, which implies knowledge in the field of literature, music, painting, etc.;
ü to have information about the political and socio-economic life modern society, be aware of the state of social groups of the population;
to foresee the consequences of one's actions, to firmly implement one's position;
ü have social adaptability in working with different groups the population (teenagers, women, the disabled, the elderly, etc.);
ü possess professional tact, observe professional secrecy, delicacy in matters of personal life of clients;
ü have emotional stability, be ready for mental overload, be able to make the right decisions in unexpected situations;
ü must be dedicated to his work, must maintain high standards of his professional conduct.
Personal qualities of a specialist
Social work has been and remains one of the most difficult professional activities. Not every person is suitable for social work. Only one is suitable for whom the idea of the absolute value of each person passes from the category of a philosophical concept to the category of a basic psychological conviction as the basis of orientation values.
The personal qualities of a social worker can be divided into three groups.
The first group includes psychophysiological characteristics, on which a person's ability to this type of activity depends. Among them are those that reflect mental processes (memory, perception, imagination, thinking), mental state (apathy, anxiety, depression), emotional and volitional manifestations (restraint, perseverance, consistency, impulsivity). They must meet the requirements for the professional activities of a social worker.
The second group includes psychological qualities that characterize a social worker as a person, among them: self-control, self-criticism, self-assessment of one's actions, physical fitness, self-hypnosis, the ability to control one's emotions.
The third group includes psychological qualities on which the effect of the personal charm of a social worker depends. Among them: sociability (the ability to quickly establish contact with people), empathy (capturing the mood of people, empathy with their needs), attractiveness (external attractiveness), eloquence (the ability to convince with a word), etc.
The main directions of training specialists in social work in Russia and abroad.
Charitable organizations played an important role in the opening of the first educational institutions that trained social workers. Thus, in 1896, the Society for the Organization of Charity opened courses for the training of such specialists in England. Almost at the same time, similar courses were opened in Germany. Charitable organizations operating in New York and Chicago were at the forefront of training social workers in the United States. Here, in 1898, the New York School of Philanthropy was founded, which later became the Columbia University School of Social Work.
Schools in New York and later in Chicago provided one-year training for social workers in helping those in need.
The Institute for the Development of Social Welfare in Amsterdam, opened in 1899, was the world's first institute for the training of social workers, whose training was designed for two goals.
In the 20th century, the number of vocational schools increased significantly, especially in the 1930s. In 1928, the first school of social work was opened in Italy, in 1930 - in Belgium, Norway, Chile.
In the 1930s, the number of countries that trained social workers continued to grow. These included Spain (1932), Israel (1934), Ireland (1934), Luxembourg (1935), Portugal (1935), Greece (1937), Denmark (1937). ), India (1936).
Currently, for example, in the United States, more than four hundred universities and colleges train social workers at three levels - bachelors (4 years), masters (6 years), doctors (8 years).
In the UK, secondary school graduates can complete four-year courses and receive the title of Bachelor of Social Work, graduates of higher educational institutions - two-year courses and a year of postgraduate studies, those who have not completed higher educational establishments- two-year and three-year courses.
In Germany, the training of social workers is carried out by universities and colleges, where secondary school graduates study in programs up to four years.
As a profession, social work has existed in Russia since 1991, when Qualification guide additions were made to the positions of managers, specialists and employees of the Ministry of Labor in the USSR. Five new positions have been introduced: social worker, organizing teacher, social teacher, head of the department of social assistance at home for single disabled citizens, social work specialist.
By the early 1990s, it became obvious that the Soviet system of social protection was ineffective. There was a need to replace it with professional assistance to those in need, which has shown its effectiveness in many countries around the world.
The training of social workers is carried out by lyceums, colleges, technical schools, schools, social work specialists - universities (bachelors - 4 years, specialists - 5 years, masters - 6 years).
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