Medical business ethics and entrepreneurial culture. Entrepreneurial ethics. Conducting business conversations

02.06.2021

Topic: Culture and ethics of entrepreneurship

University: Financial University

Introduction 3

1. Business ethics 4

2.Culture of entrepreneurship 7

Conclusion 12

References 13

Introduction

The moral aspects of enterprise management are increasingly on the agenda of numerous management seminars and major discussions. Survey data show that worldwide interest in ethical issues is growing. In countries with developed market relations, it is generally accepted that questions business ethics, social responsibility concern the entrepreneur as well as the efficiency of production.

To implement these values, a high level of development of productive forces and culture is necessary. Without restoring the moral foundations of society, it is impossible to create a platform for the effective implementation of the economy.

Professional ethics reflects the features of moral consciousness, behavior and relationships of people, due to the specifics of professional activity. Professional ethics defines the ethical principles and norms of human behavior within a certain type labor activity. Therefore, there are different types of ethics, including pedagogical, medical, military, managerial.

The decisive conditions for success are diligence, professional skills and talent. To activate these qualities, a moral approach and a high level of moral consciousness are important. Important in professional ethics is an objective and benevolent attitude towards people, their professional opinion, official claims. The real manifestation of professional integrity is the unity of word and deed

So, it is impossible to realize the huge role of culture and ethics in the activities of the head and staff of the company. At the same time, management theory does not have a unified point of view on this problem. But all researchers agree on the importance of ethical and cultural guidelines for business. Possessing a high culture, a leader can influence his subordinates, involve them in work, and involve them in the circle of his interests.

1. Business ethics

AT modern conditions, in the conditions of post-industrial development, the importance of cultural, value-motivational factors of economic activity increases sharply. To a large extent, they now determine economic growth both at the level of individual economic entities and in relation to the national economic whole.

Entrepreneurship as a special area social activities with its own norms, values, rules, traditions, prejudices, etc., it forms and reproduces its own special subculture - entrepreneurial. Entrepreneurial culture has its own ethics and its own etiquette, its own language, its own principles of identification, inclusion and exclusion.

Ethics - a system of norms of moral behavior and duties of people in relation to each other and society as a whole.

Under entrepreneurial ethics, it is customary to understand a set of certain moral criteria, norms, moral parameters in the behavior of an entrepreneur, the requirements imposed by the cultural community on the style of his work, the nature of communication with people, and social appearance.

Entrepreneurial ethics is one of the most difficult problems in the formation of a culture of civilized entrepreneurship, since ethics in general is the doctrine and practice of the behavior of individuals (citizens) in accordance with the ideas of what is proper, what is good, and in the form of ideals, moral principles and norms of behavior. This is a doctrine about the purpose of a person, about the meaning of his life. This is a system of moral and moral norms, including generally binding rules of human behavior.

Entrepreneurial activity, like any economic, economic, professional activity capable citizens, has legal and ethical criteria, norms, rules of conduct, deviation from which threatens subjects entrepreneurial activity negative consequences. Law norms of behavior of entrepreneurs and organizations are established by laws and regulations, failure to comply with which threatens with serious penalties, up to bankruptcy and imprisonment. Therefore, a very important condition for the development of civilized entrepreneurship is not only the adoption of laws regulating entrepreneurial activity, but also the formation legal culture.

Ethical norms in entrepreneurship are a set of signs of behavior of citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activities in various sectors of the economy, aimed at meeting the needs of the market, specific consumers, society and the state. Entrepreneurial ethics is based on common ethical standards and the rules of conduct that have developed in the country, in the world, as well as on professional ethics, manifested in a particular field of activity. In connection with the general ethical norms of behavior of citizens, entrepreneurial ethics is inextricably linked with such concepts as honesty, conscience, authority, nobility, politeness, ambition, pride, shamelessness, hypocrisy, malevolence, slander, revenge, deceit, rudeness, and other concepts. As you can see, some concepts are associated with positive (positive) principles and behaviors, while others are associated with negative (negative) ones. Only an incomplete enumeration of the characteristic features of the behavior of individual entrepreneurs testifies to the complex concept of entrepreneurial ethics, which, as a rule, should be based on universal, humane principles, on general principles carrying out risky, innovative, innovative, competent, legal, honest entrepreneurship as opposed to routine, illegal, incompetent business.

The formation of entrepreneurial ethics is influenced by the forms of social consciousness (mentality) and social relations aimed at asserting the self-worth of a citizen as an entrepreneur, the manifestation of his best human qualities, economic freedom, and his responsibility to consumers and society. Entrepreneurial ethics is based on moral principles related to the morals, character, claims of entrepreneurs, and therefore is inextricably linked with their motives and motives.

The ethical problems of entrepreneurs constantly arise and are resolved, first of all, with consumers, while the state protects the interests of consumers. The ethical relations of entrepreneurs as business owners are associated with employees. These relationships have a particular impact on the level of entrepreneurial success. Relations with business partners, competitors, and society are of great importance in the development of civilized entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial ethics is manifested in such categories as fidelity to a given word, an obligation assumed, moral responsibility for failure to fulfill obligations established by legal norms.

To master the skills of correct behavior, you need to observe:

Rules of presentation and acquaintance;

Rules for conducting business contacts;

Rules of conduct in negotiations;

Requirements for appearance, manners, business attire;

speech requirements;

The culture of official documents and other elements of business etiquette, which is an integral part of business ethics.

2.Culture of entrepreneurship

Culture is a set of industrial, social and spiritual needs of people, or a high level of something, high development, skill. There are many more definitions, but in essence, they boil down to the fact that culture is a concept that integrates various aspects of life, activities, behavior of people, their associations, society as a whole at a certain historical stage of its development.

Any culture, including an entrepreneurial one, contains two main aspects: values and procedures. Values are ethical ideals, qualities that are the highest moral categories. Procedures are formally fixed and unwritten rules of conduct based on specified values.

The process of entrepreneurship, at whatever hierarchical level it is carried out, regardless of the scope of the transaction, is closely related to the cultural environment, which is structurally - in relation to the organization - is divided into an external cultural environment and an internal cultural environment.

The external cultural environment is an integral part of the macro environment that influences the behavior of the organization.

Internal cultural environment refers to the microenvironment of the subject economic activity and is relevant both to the organization itself and to the partners with whom the interaction is carried out.

The composition of the cultural environment is characterized by a combination of factors, which include politics, technology, education, art, values and attitudes, religion, language, jurisprudence, social status (Fig. 1).

Politics is a well-known category, but not all entrepreneurs take into account the possibilities of this cultural factor in the organization of entrepreneurship. Studying policy can help understand the potential for a country's public contribution to a firm's business climate. Stability of the political climate, characteristics of groups, parties supporting foreign business or hindering it, the degree of influence of each of these groupings - these are the factors that allow us to assess the degree of entrepreneurial risk in political terms.

Technology is a field of precise concepts, methods, measurements and knowledge. The study of the technical level of the business environment can provide information about the level of development and potential of the market, the degree of development of its infrastructure, the degree of urbanization and development of "industrial values", as well as identify attitudes towards science and innovation, establish scientific potential, the possibility of conducting scientific research. research.

Education and art, their level and profile are rarely taken into account in the organization of entrepreneurial activity. A comparative analysis of these factors of culture can help in the study of literacy and its impact on technical and vocational training, as well as on the effectiveness of market relations and entrepreneurial relations. The educational level also forms an attitude towards values, which is advisable to determine in the formation and development of entrepreneurial activity.

Religion has a great influence on economic activity. A peculiar view of the world and true values, the performance of religious rites can stimulate or hinder the desire for change, the use of new methods in entrepreneurship. For the successful implementation of entrepreneurial activity, it is necessary to take into account the development, role and characteristics of religion in each country where it is planned to organize a business.

Language is the basis, means of any communication, including entrepreneurial communication. Business activities - both in national and international markets - require knowledge of several languages. English is dominant, at least 2/3 business correspondence in the world is carried out in this language. There are countries where they tend to use only their own language, for example, in France. This should be taken into account when organizing business communications for entrepreneurs.

Jurisprudence - knowledge of the laws of one's country, which reflect the norms and rules of relations to values, to property, to the protection of the individual; this knowledge should not be perceived by entrepreneurs as a secondary element of culture. Comparison various systems legislation contributes to understanding the traditions of business in various countries. This can help avoid conflicts and, if necessary, seek legal protection.

The social status of the population, the social characteristics of the organization of society and its first cell - the family - in entrepreneurship are of the same importance as other factors of the cultural environment. The entrepreneur in this context must know whether his business partners are family firms or whether he will be dealing with professional partners. Equally important is research social stratification of the population to establish whether there is a noticeable difference between the upper, middle and lower classes and what their attitude towards entrepreneurship is. Research and knowledge social features public organizations make it possible to establish whether they will promote or oppose the success of the entrepreneur in specific social conditions.

Entrepreneurship culture is a certain, established set of principles, techniques, methods for carrying out entrepreneurial activities by entities in accordance with the legal norms (laws, regulations) in force in the country (society), business customs, ethical and moral rules, norms of conduct in the implementation of civilized business.

As you know, entrepreneurial activity is a free activity of capable citizens and (or) their associations. But economic freedom in carrying out entrepreneurial activity does not mean that its participants are free from failure to comply with the established principles and methods of regulating entrepreneurial activity. The state establishes certain barriers to limit the manifestation of all-round economic freedom by individual representatives of entrepreneurial activity in the name of protecting the interests and economic freedom of other business participants and other entities market economy, society as a whole.

The culture of entrepreneurship means that the autonomy and economic freedom of business entities are contrary to their unjustified initiative. Therefore, the state establishes measures and forms of responsibility for violation by entrepreneurs of the legal norms governing entrepreneurial activity.

The first universal element of the culture of entrepreneurial activity is its legitimacy. The second element is the strict fulfillment of obligations and obligations arising from legal acts, contractual relations and ongoing legal transactions, from business customs, which is manifested in the non-infliction of not only property, but also moral harm to partners, competitors, consumers, employees.

The next important element of the culture of entrepreneurship is the honest conduct of its subjects of their business. An honest attitude towards people, consumers, partners, the state is indeed the leading sign of an entrepreneurial culture.

It is also important for entrepreneurs to observe general ethical norms, including professional ethics, ethical codes of the company, generally accepted rules for doing business, the level of culture and education of entrepreneurs, the degree of their claims, observance of the customs and mores in force in society, the level of knowledge necessary for the implementation of legitimate business, etc. .

The culture of entrepreneurship as a manifestation of legal and ethical criteria (norms) includes the following relationships: with the state, with society, with consumers, with employees, with partners, with competitors and other business entities, as well as compliance with existing legal acts, standards, rules, norms, directly or indirectly affecting the development of entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurial activity is aimed at the systematic extraction of profit, but not by all sorts of ways and methods, but only on legal grounds. An entrepreneurial culture means that entrepreneurs, having created their own business, carry out legitimate business and receive income (profit) legally.

Conclusion

The culture of entrepreneurial activity depends on the culture of each employee of the company and, first of all, on organizational culture the head of the firm.

A “real” entrepreneur must be able to model, see the horizons of his company’s entrepreneurial activity, encourage and stimulate the work of others, bring what is planned to life, be able to make decisions in any situation and take responsibility. To do this, an entrepreneur must be endowed with an original imagination and a good ability to reduce complex to simple, in order to highlight the main thing, to determine the future of the enterprise for five, ten years ahead. The most important factor in the culture of an entrepreneur is his qualification as a manager and as a specialist, which implies knowledge of the philosophy of all technology, economics and business tools.

List of used literature

1. Averina O. R. Ethics and culture of management ( tutorial). - Khabarovsk: Knowledge, 2006. 278 p.

2. Arkhangelskaya M.D. Business etiquette or playing by the rules. - M.: Prof-press, 2006. 310 p.

3. Baykeeva V. R.: The level of cynicism should not exceed the level of conscience // Your capital, 2006, 9. 90 p.

4. Bakshtanovskiy V. I., Sogomonov Yu. V. Applied ethics: the experience of a universal dictionary. - Tyumen: UNITI, 2006. 290 p.

5. Botavina R.N. Ethics of business relations. - M.: Knowledge, 2006. 343 p.

6. Brown L. Image path to success. - St. Petersburg: Economics. 130 s.

7. George R. T. Business ethics in 2 volumes. - M.: Knowledge, 2006. 270 p.

8. Kuznetsov I. N. Corporate culture. Tutorial. - M.: Olma-Press, 2006. 276 p.

9. Kuzin F. A. Culture business communication. - M.: UNITI, 2006. 400 p.

10. Kuzmichev A. D., Shapkin I. N. Domestic entrepreneurship. History essays. - M.: Olma press, 2006. 96 p.

11. Petrunin Yu.Yu., Borisov VK Business ethics. - M.: Knowledge, 2006. 193 p.

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Introduction

1. Business ethics

Conclusion

Introduction

Ethics and culture of entrepreneurship are the most important components of entrepreneurial behavior, thereby determining the relevance of this topic.

In addition to regulatory acts and various laws regulating business relations between the seller and the buyer on the market, people's relationships are regulated by a special ethics and culture of the market.

Entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial activity - an independent economic activity, which is aimed at systematically making a profit, through the use of property and intangible assets, the sale of goods, the performance of work and the provision of services. Entrepreneurial activity is carried out on the basis of own or borrowed money, pursuing the main goal of developing their own business, aimed at increasing their own capital, as well as meeting their own and social needs. Speaking about the culture of entrepreneurship, it is important to emphasize that this is a certain stable system of established principles, methods of doing business, which have been developed in connection with the customs of business turnover, norms of conduct and moral rules for doing business.

Entrepreneurial ethics is the doctrine and practice of behavior between business participants in accordance with moral principles and norms of behavior; this is business ethics based on the ability to exist in the market in accordance with the law and traditions.

The purpose of this work is to consider the problem of business ethics and culture from the point of view of entrepreneurship.

1. Business ethics

1.1 Essence and understanding of business ethics

Entrepreneurial ethics is one of the important criteria for the culture of civilized entrepreneurship. The term "ethics" is interpreted as the doctrine of people's behavior in accordance with generally accepted ideals of good and evil, ideas about what should be, norms of behavior and moral principles. Ethics is a system of moral and moral standards that explain the rules of human behavior.

Ethics in business, like ethics in any other field of activity, is based on the idea of \u200b\u200bwhat is due, on moral principles, norms of behavior and the appointment of a person. Entrepreneurial ethics is a system of moral and ethical standards that contain generally accepted rules of conduct.

The mentality, public relations, the manifestation of the best entrepreneurial qualities, his responsibility to consumers and society - all these factors affect the formation of entrepreneurial ethics, which is based on moral principles. Such principles include morals, character, claims of entrepreneurs, etc.

Like any activity, be it economic, professional or economic, entrepreneurial activity has a number of legal and ethical criteria, rules of conduct, norms, the violation of which entails negative consequences for business entities. Such deviations from the laws and regulations of the behavior of entrepreneurs and organizations are punishable by severe penalties, such as imprisonment and bankruptcy. Based on this, it is necessary to emphasize the special importance of the formation of a legal culture as a condition for the successful development of civilized entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurial ethics is based on generally accepted ethical norms and rules that have developed in a certain field of activity, a country or even in the world as a whole. Considering the general ethical norms of people's behavior, one can single out the inextricable connection between entrepreneurial ethics and positive (positive) principles of behavior and with negative (negative) ones. These are such concepts as authority, nobility, politeness, pride, deceit, etc. The characteristic features of the behavior of individual entrepreneurs give a complete concept of entrepreneurial ethics, which is based on all those principles of entrepreneurship that oppose incompetent and illegal business.

Not infrequently, ethical problems arise between entrepreneurs and consumers, which, as a rule, the state considers in favor of the latter. The ethical attitudes of entrepreneurs are inextricably linked to the workforce, which has a huge impact on the level of success of an entrepreneur. Also, civilized entrepreneurship enters into relations with competitors, partners in the economy and society. In this case, ethics manifests itself as fidelity to a given word, an obligation taken, and responsibility for failure to fulfill legal obligations.

According to the results of research on business ethics, the following general ethical norms of a civilized entrepreneur can be distinguished:

1. Entrepreneurial activity is aimed not only at the benefit of its organization, but also at the benefit of society;

2. Employees are interested in self-realization and feel the desire to work together with the entrepreneur;

3. Business is regarded as an art;

4. In the process of business, there is both cooperation and competition as two necessities;

5. Among the leadership and subordinates there is respect for each other as individuals;

6. The entrepreneur is aware of the importance of state power, respecting it, as well as any property, social order and laws;

7. The entrepreneur is competent in relation to others;

8. In the process of entrepreneurial activity, environmental standards are observed, education and culture are valuable;

9. There is an introduction of new advanced technologies, etc.

The behavior of people within the enterprise is bound by certain norms. Having created their physical environment, they develop a language of communication, perform certain actions that are perceived as acceptable in this environment. With the help of this, employees of the organization emphasize the events taking place and make the working environment meaningful.

1.2 Business and professional ethics

According to the results of some surveys, it is possible to reveal the growth of world interest in ethics problems. This is especially true for countries with developed market relations, where the issues of business ethics are of equal importance for the entrepreneur as well as production efficiency. Of particular importance are such norms of social life as the right to decent working conditions, human dignity, freedom of the individual, fairness of decisions, minimization of conflicts in the team, the right of everyone to participate in public life, decision-making, etc.

In order to successfully realize the above values, it is necessary to have a high level of development of culture and productive forces. In a developed sphere of material production, the realization of a number of ideals becomes more preferable, while with a low development of the sphere of material production, the preference is for an increase in the amount of material goods, rather than ideals. To improve the level of the economy as a whole, it is necessary to restore the moral foundations of society itself.

Many Western firms create their own codes of ethics, which they believe help to ensure the stability of profits.

The public plays an important role in shaping business ethics. Discussion of such issues takes place in the press, on television and in various organizations. The behavior and relationships of people in their professional activities, their moral consciousness, all this reflects professional ethics. Within the framework of a certain type of activity, professional ethics reveals the norms of people's behavior and their ethical principles. To activate these moral qualities, as professional skill, diligence, unity of word and deed, the level of moral consciousness of society and an ethical moral approach are important.

Business ethics is a well-established system of principles and methods for carrying out business activities within the framework of the law, in accordance with moral and ethical rules, norms of conduct and business practices. At the same time, the state limits the manifestation of economic freedom for some representatives of entrepreneurship, thereby protecting the interests of other participants and society itself. Creating his image, an entrepreneur must observe etiquette. Tact, delicacy, courtesy, all these features are necessary both in entrepreneurial activity and in ordinary life. It is necessary to observe the culture of communication, be friendly, know a sense of proportion and control your emotions. Having your own civilized style of behavior, you can get a guaranteed half of the success.

There are the following rules of correct behavior that should be observed:

· Rules of introduction to each other and rules of acquaintance;

· Rules for conducting business negotiations and contacts;

Rules of appearance and manners;

Rules for the manner of speaking;

The culture of office documents, etc.

In other words, business etiquette is a set of rules of conduct for an entrepreneur that govern his relationship with the outside world, other entrepreneurs, and everyone with whom he contacts in the course of his business activities and everyday life. The organization has to solve two groups of tasks related to organizational culture, such as the task of integrating internal resources and efforts and the task of interacting with the external environment.

The first group of tasks includes:

· Creation of common terminology and common language;

Establishment of the group, principles of inclusion and exclusion from it;

Consolidation of power, the principles of its vesting and deprivation;

Setting standards informal communication between men and women;

· Development of criteria for assessing the behavior of employees.

As for the tasks of interaction with the external environment, these are issues related to the mission, purpose and means of achieving them.

1.3 Entrepreneurial and economic ethics

In ethics and economics, questions of entrepreneurial and economic ethics arise, indicating that there are different views on its tasks.

Entrepreneurial ethics (or economic ethics) deals with questions of the meaning (for enterprises) of ideals and moral norms in the conditions modern economy and society.

The main expected result in entrepreneurial ethics is the result of the enterprise, while in economic ethics the whole economy is considered, state institutions. This shows the difference between economic and entrepreneurial ethics.

A distinction should be made between "norms" and "ideals". Norms are certain established rules that are not recommended to be violated, while ideals, in turn, express the orientation of actions towards the further development of morality in society.

There is an inevitable theoretical connection between entrepreneurial ethics and economic ethics. Entrepreneurial ethics provides an opportunity for the implementation of moral norms and ideals in the structure of competition, if it is oriented towards economic ethics. This means that business ethics deals with all activities within the framework order of enterprises, and economic ethics aims to legitimize this framework of order, which is binding on all participants. National economy. Thus, for business ethics, legitimacy at the level of action comes to the fore. It acquires the importance of choosing an enterprise strategy for the implementation of moral aspirations and compliance with their moral responsibility.

This relationship is guiding, in which the entrepreneurial ethic drives recommendations, thereby reinforcing moral aspirations.

The activity and competence of the policy of order are the leading qualities that distinguish a serious entrepreneur. Both the economic and the political type of activity are governed by interests. The purpose of political activity is to provide enterprises with the conditions (moral and acceptable) for economic success, which is also the goal of each enterprise.

2. Entrepreneurial culture

2.1 The essence and significance of an entrepreneurial culture

Translated from Latin, the term "culture" has the meaning of education, development, reverence. From this it follows that this is a complex, multilateral concept that characterizes the behavior of people, aspects of their life and society itself at a certain stage of its development.

The culture of entrepreneurship is aimed at solving two main problems: survival in the existing socio-economic environment and the achievement of goals. The diversity of fields of activity and industries can lead to clashes of cultures. Depending on some differences, such as industry, region, people, each company builds its own culture.

One of the main elements of entrepreneurial culture is its legitimacy, as well as compliance with obligations and obligations that arise from legal acts, transactions and contractual relations. The leading sign of an entrepreneurial culture is an honest attitude towards consumers, partners, people and the state.

It is also important that entrepreneurs observe professional ethics, the level of culture and education of entrepreneurs, customs and mores that operate in society, etc.

In terms of legal and ethical criteria, an entrepreneurial culture respects current standards, rules and regulations in force legal acts and includes relationships with:

State

Society

Consumers

· Employees

Partners

· Competitors

An entrepreneurial culture ensures that entrepreneurial activities systematically generate profit by building a legitimate business on a legal basis.

The external business environment, established legal norms, the responsibility of entrepreneurs, the external business environment, the entrepreneur himself - all these criteria determine the formation of an entrepreneurial culture.

To determine the success of a company culture, the following criteria must be met:

· Quality

· Continuous improvement

Merchants and vendors

Employee interest in profit

· Social and public integrity

There are many factors that determine the formation of an entrepreneurial culture, the main of which are: the entrepreneur himself and corporate culture, the external business environment, current legal norms, public and state mentality.

2.2 Entrepreneurial organization culture

In general, the culture of entrepreneurship depends on all the factors that make up the concept of culture itself. These include, as mentioned above, the culture of entrepreneurial organizations, entrepreneurial ethics, business etiquette, etc.

The production of the enterprise's products is interconnected by a certain technological chain, which is controlled by the management system of all its links, where each participant in the business performs its specific functions, leading and subordinating. Based on the fact that people work at the enterprise, each of them is based on certain specific values, representing the integrity of the organization as a cultural space.

Thus, we can say that the culture of an entrepreneurial organization expresses certain ideas of the team about the goals and method of activity of this organization.

The culture of an entrepreneurial organization and its formation can be represented as a diagram.

Internal factors that determine the culture of the organization:

1. The subject of entrepreneurial activity;

2. Motivation of the entrepreneur and employees of the organization;

3. Organization of the entrepreneurial activity itself;

4. A special style of managing an organization to achieve leading positions;

5. Level of managerial culture;

6. Having an idea of the values of the organization;

7. Organization of working conditions for employees;

8. Responsibility of managers for the work done by their subordinates;

9. High professional competence of all participants in an entrepreneurial organization;

10. Focus on improving the efficiency and quality of services (products) provided (manufactured);

11. The intensity of work and the achievement of the quality of work by employees of an entrepreneurial organization;

12. Implementation of advanced technologies that ensure a high level of production culture;

13. High-quality organization of after-sales service for consumers of manufactured products;

14. Creation necessary conditions labor, etc.

The main function of organizational culture is to create an image of the collective "we" as a unity of the integrity of all members of the organization.

2.3 Business relationships as part of an entrepreneurial culture

In the course of their activities, entrepreneurs constantly have to make important decisions on various issues. The decisive role in making such decisions is played by the nature of the tasks themselves, the level of culture of entrepreneurship and business communication. There are certain rules for conducting business communication, which are a means of increasing its effectiveness, such as etiquette and coordination of interaction.

The rules of etiquette have been worked out and verified over the years, they determine the order of communication, naming methods, the choice of form of address, as well as the ability to behave at the table, the ability to dress in accordance with the situation, etc. Such rules should not be violated, since the one who violates them loses his status as a full participant communication.

Entering into a business conversation is obliged to follow such requirements as not to deviate from the topic, to be restrained and try to ensure that statements are true.

A communication technique is a set of techniques that people use to achieve the desired effect in the process of communication. They are both verbal and non-verbal (verbal and non-verbal). Gestures, postures, facial expressions, intonation of speech - all this is a technique of communication.

It is worth noting that the possession of non-verbal techniques is more effective, since non-verbal reactions are less controlled by consciousness than verbal ones.

The technique of communication includes the technique of listening and the technique of behavior. The ability to ask questions and listen to the interlocutor is a criterion of sociability. Listening to the interlocutor, we perceive information and transmit to the speaker about how much his speech and his behavior are perceived.

The ability to ask appropriate questions in a timely and correct manner will help to avoid many conflicts and misunderstandings.

An important role is played by the understanding of gestures, emotions and manners of the interlocutor. It allows you to determine his position, as far as he has to achieve the desired result.

Communication will be more effective if we take into account the spatio-temporal organization, namely the place where the conversation takes place and the time it is held, whether it is a public service or private room during working or free time.

entrepreneurship ethics culture business

Conclusion

Entrepreneurial ethics and culture are based on a set of rules and agreements that are the determining factors of trust and responsibility, contribute to the resolution of conflicts in the organization, as well as the achievement of a balance of interests.

Thus, there is a relationship between ethics and entrepreneurial culture.

The culture of entrepreneurship depends on the culture of each employee involved in this enterprise, including the organizational culture of the leader himself. Every cultural entrepreneur must be able to model the future activities of his organization in advance, be able to stimulate the work of his subordinates and make important decisions with subsequent responsibility for their adoption.

Entrepreneurial ethics, including a set of ethical norms and rules that govern the economic activities of enterprises, is an important element economic relations.

Entrepreneurial ethics explores moral and ethical problems at the enterprise level, both within it (at the staff level) and with the external environment (state, partners). The culture and ethics of an entrepreneurial organization determine the style of relationships within the team, the values and climate of the enterprise. Each entrepreneur has a greater responsibility to society, meeting the needs of consumers in an efficient way than his competitors, preserving the well-being of each consumer and society itself. This allows us to judge the culture and ethics of entrepreneurial activity of the head of this organization. The ethics and culture of entrepreneurship has a great influence on all entrepreneurial activities.

List of used literature

1. Shevchenko I.K. "Organization of entrepreneurial activity" Textbook. Taganrog: TSURE Publishing House, 2004

2. Radugin A. A. "Culturology", textbook, M .: Center, 2001 - 304 p.

3. E.N. Shane "Organizational Culture and Management", San Francisco, 1985, p. 18

4. Karl Homann, Franz Blome-Drez "Economic ethics and business ethics", M.: FAIR-PRESS, 2001. - 402 p.

5. Sukharev V.A. "Ethics and psychology of a business person", - M .: Grand, 1997. - 399 p.

6. E.A. Zhuravlev "Fundamentals of entrepreneurial activity", textbook - Krasnodar, KubSU, 2005

7. Pelikh A.S., Kizilova T.G., Pronchenko A.G. “Image of a business person”, - M.: Prior; Trix, 1997, - 111 p.

8. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/

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thesis, added 02/14/2011

Problems of business ethics and corporate culture of the company. Mechanistic, organic and joint-sequential models of organization. The problem of the integrity of the company. The role of the leader in the formation and development of corporate culture.

Ethics - a system of norms of moral behavior and duties of people in relation to each other and society as a whole.

Ethics of business relations is a system of universal and specific moral requirements and norms of behavior implemented in professional activities. It includes:

· ethical assessment of internal and external policy of the organization;
the moral principles of the members of the organization;
the moral climate in the organization;
standards of business etiquette.

Each company has a certain system of universally recognized moral procedures (norms, values, knowledge) that are mandatory for all participants in business activities. The core of corporate ethics is formed by the founders of the organization and is directly related to their life experience and worldview. The reputation and authority of the leader, the effectiveness of his work is perceived by subordinates as a given, and they, to one degree or another, begin to imitate him. Any person who decides to become an entrepreneur, that is, to start his own business, to enter the world of business, is already an extraordinary person for this alone. And the qualities of this personality begin to be realized, projected onto the entrepreneurial organization. It is in human interaction that corporate ethical values are formed.

The ethics of national management is formed by joint efforts in the sphere of the state, business circles, trade unions, civil society and the church.

Currently, the terms "enterprise culture", "enterprise (firm) culture", "economic culture", "corporate culture", "organizational culture" are used. All these are identical concepts, which are understood as the spiritual life of people in an entrepreneurial environment, in an organization, their ideological moral state, feelings, thinking and actions.

Economic culture is, as it were, a projection of the economy onto the sphere of culture; the converse statement is also true, according to which it is a projection of culture onto the sphere of the economy. In other words, the cultural component of economic activity (economic culture) is inseparable from this activity itself, is its necessary prerequisite and is able to actively influence it, enhancing or slowing down the development of the economy. In relation to economic activity, the cultural environment is divided into external and internal.

The external cultural environment is an integral part of the macro environment that influences the behavior of business entities.

The internal cultural environment refers to the microenvironment of a business entity and is relevant both to the firm itself and to the partners with whom the interaction is carried out.

In his activities, an entrepreneur must necessarily be guided by the norms of behavior established in all civilized countries. The culture of entrepreneurial activity is a set of progressive humanistic material and spiritual achievements in the management of production processes and economic relations between people. . The economic activity of an entrepreneur, a firm should be carried out in accordance with ethical, spiritual criteria for the behavior of the cultural environment. Moral and ethical standards should always take precedence over economic interests.

The culture of entrepreneurship includes the following components: rules and norms of activity, customs and traditions, peculiarities of behavior, relationships between employees of this enterprise, leadership style, communication links within the enterprise and with other business structures. The culture of organizing entrepreneurial activity not only provides a high prestige to the enterprise, but also helps to increase production efficiency, improve the quality of goods and services, and increase income. Depending on the industry, region, history of the enterprise, personnel, each enterprise has its own culture.

Table 7.2 - An example of assessing the ability of a person to entrepreneurship

Qualities	Evaluation scale
Qualities
1. Initiative	Seeking additional assignments, very sincere	Resourceful when completing tasks	Performs the required amount of work without directives from management	Reluctant, waiting for instructions
2. Relation to others	Positive friendly attitude to people	Pleasant to handle	Sometimes difficult to work with	Uncommunicative
3. Leadership	Strong, inspires confidence and trust	Gives efficient orders		Obedient
4. Responsibility	Shows responsibility	Agree with orders	Reluctant to accept orders	Avoids any orders
5. Organizational skills	Very capable in persuading people and reasoning logically	Capable organizer	Average organizational skills	Bad organizer
6. Determination	Fast and accurate	Reliable and careful	Fast but often makes mistakes	Doubts and hesitates
7. Persistence	Purposeful	Makes constant effort	Medium persistence	Almost no perseverance

Features of the organizational culture of the entrepreneur, in addition to the ability to accept effective solutions, is the appearance, literacy of speech, sociability, friendly attitude towards each employee, good mood, satisfaction of workers with working conditions, a positive image in the business environment.

Elements of entrepreneurial culture are formed both under the influence of the experience of the activity of this enterprise, and as a result of the attitudes of its leaders. It develops over the years and is constantly being improved. Changes in the culture of entrepreneurship occur according to new ideas about values. The conducted studies show that the importance of such values as self-determination, orientation to needs, creativity, disclosure of personality, ability to compromise, predictability of behavior, reliability, stability, professional abilities, is growing. Mandatory elements of entrepreneurial culture:

Legality, compliance with existing legal acts, standards, rules, norms;

Fulfillment of obligations and obligations that come from contractual relations, from the traditions of business communication;

Honesty in relation to the subjects of their business, consumers, partners, the state.

Thriving firms have a high culture and a special style of behavior. It is known that abroad very often big deals carried out by phone. At the same time, it is also known that investments in Ukraine are not provided by foreign investors very willingly, since domestic entrepreneurs do not always comply not only with words, but also with signed contracts, violate the ethical principles of doing business, business ethics.

Business ethics is a system of general ethical norms and rules for the conduct of business entities, their communication and interaction. It manifests itself both at the micro level - these are moral relations in organizations, and at the macro level - these are moral relations between business entities. Business ethics regulates the relationship of an entrepreneur, a manager with his partners, competitors, clients, employees, the state, etc. In particular, covering losses to a partner, consumer in case of damage, prevention by violation of free competition; compliance with the rules and regulations regarding advertising, the use of trademarks, mandatory compliance with standards and requirements for product certification, ensuring the interests of consumers, compliance with partnerships built on trust, honesty, and the ability to keep one's word; exclusion of deceit, irresponsibility, abuse of partner's trust, etc., as well as ensuring the ethical attitude of the entrepreneur towards his employees, respect for people and a sense of humanity. Certain norms of business ethics are included in the terms of contracts, such as: conscientious fulfillment of obligations, observance of the interests of the counterparty, the terms of the contract, etc.

All over the world, more and more attention is paid to ethical issues. In developed countries, it is generally accepted that issues of business ethics and social responsibility concern the entrepreneur as well as production efficiency. In international commercial practice, business ethics is a set of norms and rules developed and adopted on a multilateral basis that determine the relationship between economic entities of different countries acting as counterparties in international agreements. From international ethical and legal norms, multilateral agreements, resolutions, declarations, documents developed by international economic organizations, to which a country party to an international agreement has joined, should come out.

Jim Collins, in Good to Great, rated one of the best business books, wrote, "By combining a culture of discipline with an entrepreneurial ethic, you get the magic of extraordinary results." Among those who are engaged in business, there are many who are in conflict with the law and ethical requirements. One of the reasons is the crisis of trust as a moral and psychological basis for business relationships. In our society, entrepreneurial activity is associated with tough behavior towards partners, achieving goals by any means. But business can be successful only when its subjects are guided by universal moral values. Otherwise, sooner or later, partners will leave, customers will lose confidence. The developed countries of the world are very concerned about maintaining a positive image of their companies. Top Organizations lay out their moral and ethical standards and rules in the form of codes. A code of ethics in business is a set of moral principles, moral norms and rules of conduct for one person or a group of persons, which determines the assessment of their actions in terms of relationships with other business entities, relations in a team and in society based on the observance of moral norms and principles that are separated by them. It is believed that the founders of corporate codes were Japanese companies that proved to regulate the behavior of employees to the absolute. Then the codes began to be widely introduced in the United States of America, in which, in addition to general provisions about the ethics of the market and business included ethical standards that related to the behavior of its employees. These rules prohibited bribes, fraud, gifts, payments of illegally obtained money, inciting conflicts, disclosing company secrets, using information obtained on confidential terms, illegal behavior for the interests of the company.

The founder of the well-known American company IBM, T. J. Watson, developed a code of conduct for employees, the principles of which are very simple: 1) every person deserves respect; 2) each client of the company has the right to Special attention and best service; 3) everything that is done in the company must be constantly improved. The established ethical principles are still followed by all employees of the company - from top administrators to helpers. Perhaps that's why in the years of IBM's existence, no one was fired here due to reductions in programs, staff, product range or budget. Principles, corporate culture "IBM" attract the right people no less than the financial terms of employment.

Any organization can have a code of ethics - both a large corporation and a small structure. Each company develops its own code and gives it its own name, for example: "Code of Business Ethics" "Proctor and Gamble" (Procter and Gambl), "Code of Business Ethics Principles" Unilever (Unilever), "Code of Business Ethics" (Gulf ), Royal Dutch Shell's Code of General Business Principles (Royal Dutch Shell), "Code of Business Conduct" "Coca-Cola" (Coca Cola). According to Fortune magazine, 450 of the top 500 American companies and almost 50% of all others have codes of ethics in the AHSG. Corporate codes in organizations perform the following main functions:

Management - regulating the behavior of personnel, priorities in interaction with customers, shareholders, partners, competitors, the external environment; determine the order of decision-making and unacceptable forms of behavior;

Development of corporate culture in the organization - broadcast corporate values, orients employees towards common corporate goals, thereby increasing the corporate identity of employees;

Reputational - form the credibility of the organization from the outside external environment increase its investment attractiveness.

As a rule, corporate codes have two parts: ideological and normative. In the ideological part, the philosophy of the organization is laid (mission, goals and values are formulated). It includes the ethical principles underlying the thinking and activities of management. Formation of these key principles has the main goal to create a certain image of the organization, to state what will contribute to its reputation. The normative part (here the standards of behavior of various groups of employees are set out, the norms of their communication and interaction are regulated) contains provisions that reflect the principles and rules of business conduct in a particular organization, the responsibility of the administration in relation to employees regulating relationships with the environment - customers, shareholders, partners, competitors.

If an organization has consolidated its philosophy in the form of a code, then in order to transform the declared principles into life, it is necessary that: the leadership of the organization, its managers, fulfill them daily, setting a personal example; the introduction of the principles was closely connected with the system of material and moral incentives for workers; motivation of employees, the philosophy was communicated to consumers.

Professional codes are based on professional ethics and regulate relations in professional communities and are effective for "free professions".

Professional ethics is a specifically defined set of moral norms that serves as a guide to behavior in a particular professional activity. Codes of professional ethics are developed by the unions of entrepreneurs, associations of bankers, associations advertising agencies etc. Ethical services have been created at some Ukrainian enterprises, and in some - protocol services that ensure the observance of etiquette in relations with foreigners, especially during the establishment of contacts and official negotiations.

With the spread of international economic relations, the problems of ethical regulation of business have acquired an international character. In this regard, the efforts of the UN, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the International Chamber of Commerce adopted an international set of rules governing the behavior of business entities that are engaged in international business. The Council of Europe is also doing significant work in this direction. The International Chamber of Commerce adopted two consolidated documents addressed to entrepreneurs, general norms of investor behavior in a foreign country and in the fight against corruption. This issue has gained particular importance in connection with the expansion of the activities of transnational companies (TNCs), which, through their organizational structure cannot be subject to regulation and undermine the law of one state.

Thus, business ethics is based on the general ethical norms and rules of conduct that have developed in the country, the world, as well as on professional ethics, manifested in a certain field of activity.

A business person must master etiquette, which is an integral part of business ethics. Entrepreneur etiquette includes the following components:

1) ethics of communication;

Norms and rules of correct behavior in relations with colleagues and subordinates, other entrepreneurs, consumers;

Rules for mutual greetings, introductions, acquaintances;

Rules for organizing business meetings and conducting business negotiations;

The culture of official correspondence;

Knowledge of international protocol and national peculiarities during business contacts.

2) requirements for appearance, manners, clothing, office space, workplace;

5) creating a positive image.

In the process of entrepreneurial activity, the following types of relations arise: between the leader and subordinates; between employees; relations with competitors; relationships with customers, suppliers, intermediaries). Ethical problems of entrepreneurs constantly arise and are resolved primarily with consumers and partners. The main thing in a relationship is commitment and accuracy. Relations with competitors can be divided into soft and hard. It is advisable to first use soft methods (distribution of the sales market, consolidation, buyout, promotional reinforcement). If the competitor is very aggressive, the entrepreneur turns to harsh methods of intercepting the specialists, technology, suppliers, intermediaries, clients of the competitor; public examination of its goods). Ethical relationships between entrepreneurs as business owners, also associated with employees. Important in the development of a civilized enterprise are relations with society. All these relationships significantly affect the level of entrepreneurial success.

Forms of communication are business conversation (personal, business), general meetings, meetings (information, discussion), negotiations, telephone conversation, correspondence.

There is a certain order of conduct of the meeting, telephone conversation, correspondence, negotiations, receptions, conflict resolution.

The necessary qualities of the interlocutor are the culture of speech, the ability to listen (with sympathy, with the help of non-linguistic means - gaze, facial expressions, head tilt), to express their opinion. Any company appreciates such partners and employees who not only have professional experience, but are also quite sociable, well-mannered, friendly, tactful, able to manage their emotions. This image of an entrepreneur contributes greatly to the success of his business.

The business culture and ethics that are formed in an organization largely depend on the mentality of the people. Thus, corporate values in American business culture are focused on a more complete disclosure of one's own strengths and capabilities. The specificity of the Russian mentality is based on the predominance of moral values over legal, spiritual over material. The mentality of Ukrainians is much more skeptical and distrustful than the consciousness of Russians. They honor the traditions laid down by past generations, respect the family, the community. At the same time, Ukrainians are passive, envious, have a sane analytical mind and do not pay much attention to large communities. It is noted that the ability of Ukrainians to deep communication is a great advantage that helps to create strong and effective teams. Recently, both in Russia and Ukraine, there has been a movement towards the growth of individualism with a focus on the individual, that is, a train to the American and North European mentality. However, borrowed experience in Ukraine does not always yield positive results. It is important for business leaders not to ignore the specifics of their national culture, to develop their own national approach to management and business.

In Ukraine, the cooperation of entrepreneurs with foreign partners is spreading. In order for business contact with foreigners to be successful, it is necessary to plan and implement each of its phases, based on an understanding of the specific features of each of the cultures. Any business contacts with foreign partners consist of the following phases: contact preparation; contact programming; contact realization; making a decision, summarizing the contact. Representatives of different countries will behave in different phases of establishing contact in accordance with the characteristics of their business cultures.

So, in the first phase - preparation of contact - representatives of a monoactive culture (Germans, Swiss, British, Americans, Swedes) use the most reliable sources of information in order to avoid misinterpretation of facts. Representatives of a multi-active culture (Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Brazilians, French, Arabs) will focus on obtaining preliminary information during personal meetings and conversations. Representatives of the reactive culture (Japanese, Chinese, Turks, Finns) will first study the databases and printed matter and listen carefully to partners.

In the second phase - contact programming - representatives of a monoactive culture will focus only on this matter and perform all actions within a clearly planned time frame; multi-active culture - disdain for pre-developed plans and instructions, including stipulated deadlines, to perform several tasks at the same time; reactive culture - plan the consideration of proposals at several cyclic stages, accumulating information and experience from stage to stage.

In the third phase - the implementation of contact - representatives of a monoactive culture adhere to the planned plan (schedule, scheme) of actions in accordance with the instructions and demand this from others. The main way of communication for them is dialogue. In negotiations, they behave calmly, do not abuse non-verbal means, are active and patient listeners. Comfort space for their communication should be at least 1.2 m. Representatives of a field-active culture will try to establish interpersonal relationships, implement informal connections. The main way of communication for them is dialogue, but at the same time they will behave emotionally, verbosely, will use a lot of gestures and facial expressions. A comfortable space for their communication is 0.5 m. Representatives of a reactive culture will behave politely and with respect for others, given the status of the negotiators, they will be attentive listeners. The main way of communication is a monologue - a pause - a reflection - a monologue. They do not allow many gestures, violent manifestations of emotions, avoid direct looks. Comfortable space for their communication - 1.2 m.

In the fourth phase - decision-making, summing up - for representatives of a monoactive culture, the decision is made by the leader, who relies on the collective work of subordinates; For representatives of a field-active culture, the status, age, reputation, and often material condition of the participants in communication play an important role, and when making a decision, both the prospects for the development of the company and the benefits for powerful families are taken into account. Representatives of a reactive culture use a paternalistic method of decision-making, long-term goals are a priority for them.

Thus, in order to successfully overcome these and other barriers to mutual understanding when communicating with foreigners, an entrepreneur must:

Firstly, to respect the history, traditions and culture of the people, to understand how certain national, psychological and cultural characteristics affect the management of a particular country, a particular organization, to take this into account in their activities;

Secondly, to develop in oneself a constant interest in studying the culture of the people with whose representatives one will have to deal.

World-renowned entrepreneurs believe that learning about different business cultures is not just good business practice, but one of the key aspects of being competitive in the future. They emphasize that respect for cultural differences between people is one of the essential qualities successful entrepreneur.

Intergovernmental organizations, associations of entrepreneurs from different countries attach great importance to the issues of ethical regulation of advertising activities, the establishment of standards and ethical standards that should form the basis of national legislation on advertising. The International Chamber of Commerce has developed the International Advertising Code, which guides entrepreneurs in 17 countries. The Code establishes standards of ethical conduct that must be adhered to by all parties involved in advertising activities: advertisers, advertising producers, the media and other distributors. It contains ethical norms and standards of advertising activity, the main of which are: advertising must be legal, decent, honest and truthful, it must meet the principles of fair competition generally accepted in commercial activities; it must not abuse the trust of the public and the consumer and must not mislead the consumer.

Reasonably organized advertising is primarily a means of communication between producers and consumers, partners in business. Empirically substantiated and formulated certain rules of advertising, its ethical standards. The principles of fair competition are that any advertising message cannot:

Abuse the trust of consumers and take advantage of their inexperience or ignorance;

Mislead consumers regarding the properties and manufacturing technology of the goods, the date and country of production, the price and terms of purchase, after-sales service and quality assurance, etc.;

Cause damage to competing firms and their commercial activities, directly or indirectly discrediting them;

Use expressions or images of individuals without their prior consent; borrow the composition, text, image, music and sound effects of other advertising messages without the consent of the respective company.

To create a positive image, the so-called PR services are widely used - public relations, which consist in the formation of a positive public opinion in relation to a certain subject. main goal Public relations in the field of business is the formation of the image of the company (enterprise) and individual entrepreneurs as a reliable partner, supplier of high-quality and necessary goods to the domestic and world markets.

Forms of public relations (publications in the press, speeches on radio and television, exhibitions, presentations) depend mainly on the specifics of goods (products, services). Machinery, equipment, devices require completely different forms of popularization than, for example, goods of light and Food Industry. For some types of goods, information on technical parameters is needed, otherwise it is enough to put a bottle of a promotional drink on the table of a popular person during a television interview. From employees involved in PR services, not only knowledge of certain professional rules for the implementation of this specific type of activity is required, but also good organizational skills and ethical behavior. It is worth noting that public relations campaigns are much cheaper and more effective than simple advertising. The most common methods of cooperation with the media for public relations are the preparation of press releases (eng. press-release - release to the press, informational message), and holding press conferences.

Only the culture of entrepreneurial activity helps to keep the constant interest of partners and customers. But many care much more about their own pocket than about their reputation. For our entrepreneurs, it is very often important only to achieve their own goals without regard to their evaluation. public opinion. But the real success is the result of action not against others, but together with others. In our society, two images of an entrepreneur have developed: a positive one, when entrepreneurs are considered the heroes of today who have taken up a risky business that is useful for society, and a negative one, when entrepreneurs are seen as grabbers, speculators, scammers who do not want to work, but sell everything for money: and honor and conscience. Rehabilitation strategies are being developed abroad that allow changing the attitude of society towards the entrepreneur for the better. They include the following measures:

Defiantly share your wealth, not use it only for yourself;

People should not be annoyed by his demonstration;

Democracy, ease of communication;

Emphasis in the media on the indignation of business people when one of them committed fraud, violated the law, deceived society.

Civilized entrepreneurship, its ethics and psychology are still being formed in Ukraine. Therefore, it is useful to look at East and West, where types of entrepreneurs have already been formed, the main ones being American and Japanese. For Japanese type business activity the following features are characteristic: consistency, slowness, discipline, emotional restraint, exceptional diligence, respect for authority; they are persistent and stubborn in achieving the goal, they consider defeats as an incentive for new hard work. In Japan, the ability to get along with people, loyalty, diplomacy, devotion to the company are highly valued. Among American entrepreneurs, people with a pronounced individuality, independent, and dominating prevail. The fusion of different nations has given the type of stable, active, aggressive, ambitious person who is very self-confident and makes others understand her superiority.

All over the world, more and more attention is paid to ethical issues. In developed countries, it is generally accepted that issues of business ethics and social responsibility concern the entrepreneur in the same way as production efficiency. The moral and ethical standards of society are becoming increasingly important: the right to human dignity, the right to decent working conditions, the right to a healthy environment, a huge number of spiritual benefits, individual freedom, social connection between people, justice, a minimum of conflicts within society, active participation in public life, the possibility of obtaining education. To realize these values, a high level of development of productive forces and culture is necessary. The public plays a significant role in shaping business ethics, as well as in identifying and eliminating unethical business practices. Ethical issues should be discussed in the press, on TV, in consumer societies, various associations.

Entrepreneurial ethics is one of the most difficult problems in the formation of a culture of civilized entrepreneurship, since ethics in general is the doctrine and practice of the behavior of individuals (citizens) in accordance with the ideas of duty, about goodness and in the form of ideals, moral principles and norms of behavior. This is a doctrine about the purpose of a person, about the meaning of his life. This is a system of moral and moral norms, including generally binding rules of human behavior.

Entrepreneurial activity, like any economic, economic, professional activity of capable citizens, has legal and ethical criteria, norms, rules of conduct, deviation from which threatens business entities with negative consequences. The right norms of behavior of entrepreneurs and organizations are established by laws and regulations, failure to comply with which threatens with serious penalties, up to bankruptcy and imprisonment.

Therefore, a very important condition for the development of civilized entrepreneurship is not only the adoption of laws regulating entrepreneurial activity, but also the formation of a legal culture.

Ethical norms in entrepreneurship are a set of signs of behavior of citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activities in various sectors of the economy, aimed at meeting the needs of the market, specific consumers, society and the state. Entrepreneurial ethics is based on the general ethical norms and rules of conduct that have developed in the country, in the world, as well as on professional ethics, manifested in a particular field of activity. In connection with the general ethical norms of behavior of citizens, entrepreneurial ethics is inextricably linked with such concepts as honesty, conscience, authority, nobility, politeness, ambition, pride, shamelessness, hypocrisy, malevolence, slander, revenge, deceit, rudeness, and other concepts. As you can see, some concepts are associated with positive (positive) principles and behaviors, while others are associated with negative (negative) ones. Only an incomplete enumeration of the characteristic features of the behavior of individual entrepreneurs testifies to the complex concept of entrepreneurial ethics, which, as a rule, should be based on universal, universal principles, on the general principles of risky, innovative, innovative, competent, legal, honest entrepreneurship, as opposed to routine, illegal, incompetent business.

To master the skills of correct behavior, you need to observe:

* rules of representation and dating;
* rules for conducting business contacts;
* rules of conduct in negotiations;
* requirements for appearance, manners, business attire;
* requirements for speech;
* the culture of official documents and other elements of business etiquette, which is an integral part of business ethics. culture entrepreneurship ethical

Entrepreneurial etiquette is a set of rules of conduct for an entrepreneur that regulates his external manifestations with the outside world, with other entrepreneurs, competitors, employees, with all individuals with whom the entrepreneur contacts not only when carrying out his business, but in any life situation. It is necessary to list some features that a leader must have in order for him to be successful in business and for him to find a complete understanding of his subordinates.

An entrepreneur will be better perceived by people if:

he will be the first to greet the interlocutor, regardless of his position (subordinate or partner);

he will address colleagues by name and patronymic;

in a business setting, he will address subordinates to "you"; - he will not, without special need, give orders "over the head" of a subordinate leader, undermining his authority;

he will treat all employees evenly and with restraint, regardless of personal likes and dislikes;

he will establish a clear order in which the likelihood that someone will interfere with his work will be minimized;

establish a procedure when any employee in a sufficiently short period of time will be able to meet with him and discuss any issue;

he will not conduct conversations that give the impression of being chosen and secret;

he has the art of an interlocutor, that is, he knows how to listen to a person;

he knows how to effectively use "non-verbal information", that is, to understand information from the style, manners, clothes, gestures, facial expressions of the interlocutor;

he knows how to use the word "I" carefully;

he will speak briefly and to the point;

he will avoid edification;

he will always be impeccably dressed;

he always keeps his promises on time.

All of the above is indeed essential for the successful conduct of business by an entrepreneur. Standards of ethical behavior differ in different countries. Behavior is often determined by the means by which the law is enforced, rather than by the actual existence of the law. Ethical behavior has no "upper" boundaries. Multinational organizations are characterized by a high level of ethical responsibility and accountability. The attention of the country to ethics increases with the growth of the level of economic well-being.

Multinational organizations should follow the following guidelines:

Development of ethical standards applicable worldwide.

Accounting ethical issues when developing a strategy.

Leaving a questionable market when major unresolved ethical issues arise.

Compilation of periodic "ethical impact" reports.

The conditions for the formation of a civilized business ethics are:

Freedom - both political and economic. And consequently, a democratic state, a multi-party system, freedom of speech, press, conscience, free competition of commodity producers, freedom of choice of an economic entity, free pricing, equality of any physical and legal entities in business activities, consumer sovereignty, etc.;

Stability - strong executive power, parliamentary means political struggle, the stability of legislation;

Propaganda - creating with the help of mass media the image of a successful business person with high moral principles, condemnation of corruption, money-grubbing, unfair competition;

Law is not only the normative consolidation of the most common socially acceptable standards of behavior that regulate the activities of an entrepreneur, but also, to no lesser extent, the fight against negative manifestations in the domestic business environment

Respect for the law, the current right of the owner should become an indispensable attribute of the market ideology of business. In addition, it must be borne in mind that at first, while traditions have not yet been formed, the general moral values of participants in market relations, the role of legal regulation is especially responsible. It is important not only to adopt good laws, but also to strictly enforce them, to have appropriate mechanisms of accountability for their violation;

Now we can consider these postulates of the professional ethics of an entrepreneur as the basis of the ethical code of an entrepreneur.

Here's how the experts defined them:

Civilized Entrepreneur...

convinced of the usefulness of his work not only for himself, but also for others, for society;

proceeds from the fact that the people around him want and know how to work, strive to realize themselves together with the entrepreneur;

believes in business, regards it as attractive creativity, treats business as an art;

recognizes the need for competition, but also understands the need for cooperation;

respects himself as a person, and any person - as himself;

respects any property, state power, social movements, social order, laws;

trusts himself, but also others, respects professionalism and competence;

values education, science and technology, culture, respects the environment;

strives for innovation;

does not shift responsibility for making the right decision to subordinates;

tolerant of the shortcomings of other people;

coordinates the goals of the enterprise with the personal goals of employees;

never humiliates anyone;

has endless patience.