How to open a point with. How to open your own small grocery store from scratch. Promotion and advertising

The information is relevant for those who plan to open a store in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and other countries of the CIS and the world. All the features of launching an enterprise are universal for different areas.

In this article, we answer the following questions:

• How to open a store from scratch and how much does it cost?
• Which new shop profitable to open?
• Where to start, what you need, how to draw up documents and equip the store?
• How to attract customers and get stable profit?

: Finding a market niche

winning option– choose the type of product related to your professional skills or hobbies.

For example, a person who understands technology will be able to establish its sale, correctly assess the needs of customers and know how to present this product. Cosmetics or clothing stores are traditionally run by women who are passionate about beauty and style. It is easier to form an assortment and set up work with those things that you understand.

If you approach the choice of direction purely for commercial reasons, then you should open an enterprise of any type that is in demand in a particular place. If there is nowhere to buy pasta in a residential area after nine in the evening, the best solution is your own 24-hour grocery store.

The nuances of opening a store, or factors to consider when choosing a market niche:

1. Seasonality of business. Many types of goods sell better in certain seasons (winter clothing, some sporting goods, etc.). Decide on the seasonality of your business and think in advance about ways to receive money in the off-season.

2. Competition. When deciding on the type of product, it is important to choose a location without direct competitors nearby. Or offer the buyer something that the competitor does not have.

For example, adjacent to expensive boutiques in a shopping center, it is worth offering a good range of youth clothing and accessories at a low price.

A grocery store near a supermarket cannot survive with the usual assortment. It is better to specialize in the sale of confectionery, meat, household essentials, etc., that is, narrow your niche.

3. Be very careful with ideas. which have no analogues. On the one hand, such a business in the absence of competitors will receive maximum profit. On the other hand, the lack of competition may mean that such products are not in demand.

Step 2: Store Name

It is necessary to start preparing for the opening with the name. This is a little thing that should be taken care of in advance. When drawing up a business plan and planning expenses, be sure to consider the sign. And its value directly depends on the name.

Main requirement- Appropriateness and attractiveness of the name. It should explain to passers-by what is for sale inside. If you want to take original name, then assign specialization to it (grocery, construction, clothing, etc.)

Step 3: Business Plan

If you are not sure whether it is worth spending time on this, discard all doubts. it step by step guide how to open your own store, plus an extra opportunity to look at the business from the outside: assess the risks and benefits.

Mandatory points of a business plan

• Summary(where is the company located, what does it do);
• Market and competitor analysis;
• Organizational moments(registration of the enterprise, obtaining the necessary permits and licenses);
• Marketing plan(how will you stimulate sales, what advertising to use to attract and retain customers);
• Assortment and pricing(what categories of goods will be presented, their cost, brands);
• Production plan(arrangement of the premises, communications, division into zones);
• Technical base(equipment, manufacturers from whom it is profitable to purchase);
• organizational plan(staff and work schedule, salary level);
• Possible risks and how to deal with them. This paragraph implies a description of a “pessimistic” business development scenario. A pre-prepared strategy will help to cope with possible difficulties;
• Financial plan(how much money is needed to open a business, calculation of potential profit, calculation of payback).

Step 4: Finding a room

Own premises for a store is a rarity, therefore, in planning, we focus on the rented area.

Common accommodation options: the first floor of a residential building or office building, space in a shopping center, a separate building. Last option- the most expensive and not always expedient.

The best place is on the "red line", that is, overlooking the road with a lot of traffic. Both in a residential area and in the city center, this is an ideal way to get "casual" buyers who just walked by. Below are the main conditions when choosing a location, or where it is best to open a store.

Availability. No confusing lanes on the way to the establishment, it should be easy to find and easy to see from afar. Huge pluses - the presence of nearby parking, advertising signs.

Positioning(customer orientation). There are different places for each type of goods. Small food outlets are popular in sleeping areas, souvenirs - in entertainment centers, luxury items are best sold in the city center, stationery - close to schools, universities, business centers.

Properly chosen space. The space must be used rationally so as not to overpay for extra square meters. But some businesses need a lot of space.

For example, a small boutique of gifts and souvenirs needs 20 sq. m., a clothing store with fitting rooms will need at least 40 sq. m. The area of ​​retail space ranges from 20-100 square meters. m. depending on the selected type.

Adequate rent corresponding to the price level. For example, expensive space in a shopping mall is unprofitable for a consignment shop. On average, the cost of rent is 8-11 $ per 1 sq. m. m. in sleeping areas and remote places, $ 15-20 per 1 sq. m. - in the center.

Important nuance- it is worth paying rent for six months or a year in advance (this will go into capital investments) in order to ensure the operation of the company in the first months, until trade begins to bring a lot of income. Otherwise, with a convulsive monthly search for money for rent, there is a risk of going broke.

Step 5: Arrangement and repair of the premises

It is necessary to rent an area, and begin the arrangement of the site before receiving most of the permits. Most instances in the package of documents require a lease agreement, and also check the readiness of the premises for work.

Store space requirements

Mandatory conditions for all trading floors:

1. Having an evacuation plan, fire alarm, fire extinguishers;
2. Availability of heating, electricity, air conditioning, plumbing(mandatory not for all types of sales, important for food);
3. When repairing in the process of finishing, painting, cladding, use moisture-resistant and easily washable materials. Floors must be even, without cracks and potholes;
4. Compliance with consumer rights. This includes control scales for grocery outlets, the availability of a book of complaints and a consumer corner (rules of implementation, contact details of the company, etc.);
5. The layout of the space should be simple for the buyer, not hindering movement in the hall.

Placement permit and when to get it

This certificate must be obtained prior to repair. This is a kind of expert assessment of Rospotrebnadzor on whether it is possible to start selling in the chosen place.

If the site does not fit in many ways, then the money for repairs will be wasted. Receipt peer review takes 2-3 weeks. When contacting a special law firm the cost of registration will be 150-160 $.

On average, cosmetic repairs and decoration of a room with an area of ​​​​50-70 square meters. m cost in the amount of 1500-2000 dollars.

Step 6: Business registration

What documents are needed to open a store? First, formally register your business. The simplest option is an individual entrepreneur, it is faster, cheaper and less hassle with accounting.

But only an LLC with an authorized capital of at least a million rubles can sell alcoholic beverages, for example.

How to open an IP for a store

A certificate of registration of a legal entity must be obtained from the local tax service at the address of residence. It is worth deciding on the taxation system in advance (OSNO, STS, UTII).

Documents required for tax

• Your passport(for foreign citizens - a passport) and TIN. If you do not have an individual taxpayer number, it will be issued along with a certificate, it will take 4-5 days more;
• Application form P21001 (For Russia). One of the important points of the application is the choice of OKVED codes. For each type of store, they may differ, but the general subsection for all: 47 - "Retail trade, except for motor vehicles and motorcycles." It is recommended to choose as many suitable codes as possible, so as not to fuss with “additional registration” later. Extra codes do not affect the activity in any way;
• Receipt confirming payment of the state duty ($12);
• Application for the transition to a simplified taxation system if it suits you. Otherwise, DOS is written by default.

The tax office issues a receipt on receipt of documents. In five days, the application will be considered, with a positive response, the entrepreneur receives a certificate of registration with the tax service and an extract from the USRIP (Unified State Register individual entrepreneurs).

Together with them, they issue a notice of the assignment of statistics codes from Rosstat, a certificate of registration of an entrepreneur in a pension fund at the place of residence, a certificate of registration with the TFOMS. Otherwise, you will have to issue these certificates separately.

After that, you need to open a bank account and make a seal (up to $ 15). The presence of a seal for an individual entrepreneur is not necessary, usually a signature and the mark “B / P” (“without a seal”) are sufficient.

Other documentation

Conclusion of Rospozharnadzor. To obtain, you need an application, a certificate of registration of an individual entrepreneur, a BTI plan, a lease agreement for commercial space, an insurance policy for an object, documents on installing a fire alarm.

One of the employees must be trained fire safety and take on the responsibilities of the chief for its observance.

Sanitary and epidemiological conclusion from Rospotrebnadzor. In addition to the basic certificates, we need a sanitary passport of the building, medical records of employees, agreements on disposal and disinfection, product quality certificates.

The opening of this enterprise is most often associated with the purchase and registration of a cash register with the Federal Tax Service. For this, documents on the opening of the enterprise are already needed.

Remember that the electronic control tape protected on the machine must be changed every year.

Signage also requires permission from local authorities.

Do-it-yourself paperwork will cost about $ 100, when contacting special intermediary firms, you will have to pay from $ 500.

Step 7 : Selecting Suppliers

Main selection criteria:

1. Experience and reliability, reviews of other buyers;
2. Range. The most convenient supplier - from which you can buy the maximum of different products. Pay attention to recognizable products of famous brands, they are sold better;
3. Convenience of calculations. Various bonuses, discounts, deferrals. It is difficult for a beginner to find a supplier who will agree to provide products with deferred payment. However, it is worth trying to negotiate according to the 50/50 scheme, you pay for some of the goods immediately, and some after the sale.

You should look for suppliers on the Internet, newspapers and magazines, at industry exhibitions.

Step 8: Shop Equipment

Common items of equipment for all store types:

• Racks, counters, showcases - about $ 700. Good manufacturers are Mago, Neka, Rus, Fabrik Art;
• A simple reception for issuing purchases - $ 150-300. Showcase Plus, "Trade Equipment";
• Cash register - $ 150-250. Orion, Mercury, Elwes-MK.

Total minimum investment equipment will be $1200.

important point- connecting the possibility of cashless payments (acquiring), this will increase the number of customers and reduce the risk of encountering scammers. You need to contact the selected bank, where they will form the conditions for cooperation for you (basically, the amount of bank commissions) and install a pos-terminal. On average, the commission is 1.9-4% of the transaction volume.

The lower the company's turnover, the higher the commission required by the bank. For cooperation, a certain deposit amount is required on the current account.

Step 9: Recruitment for the store

For a small grocery or flower shop, two sales assistants (the work schedule is “week after week”) and a cleaner are enough.

In a construction or clothing store, it is worth hiring a sales floor administrator (consultant), a cashier, and a cleaner. It is recommended to outsource bookkeeping to save money.

The most important person is the salesperson. In addition to the standard features good worker and sales skills, the employee must be in place. In other words, match the store. For example, underwear is sold beautiful women, and building materials - men and women of age, inspiring confidence with their experience.

The ideal way to stimulate the seller is a percentage of the proceeds. But if you put an employee completely on a percentage in a new place, you can lose him and provoke a large turnover of staff.

It is best to form a minimum salary (for example, $ 200-250) plus a percentage of monthly revenue. The cashier, the cleaner receive a fixed salary.

Step 10: Assortment formation

This includes the display of goods and the interior design of the store. Don't be too lazy to learn the basics of merchandising or hire a specialist to make the initial layout. Among general rules stand out:

1. The product must be placed conveniently for the visitor, in easily accessible places. Those products that need to be sold first are placed in the most prominent place;
2. Use price tags to promote sales. Highlight promotions and discounts in large letters and bright colors. For expensive products, place the price so that you have to look for it and turn the thing in your hands, evaluating all its advantages;
3. Divide things for convenience on categories and mark them with signs or stands;
4. Interior decoration and atmosphere should be motivated to buy certain things. Proper lighting, background music, pleasant smells - all this affects visitors.

Step 11: Security

Keep your company safe. Minimum set security equipment - alarm, "panic button", video surveillance camera. Purchase and installation costs start from $200, maintenance costs start from $50 per month.

Step 12: Opening the Store

Turn your start into a promotional event with music, contests, giveaways, promotional brochures, discounts, and more. Then customers will want to come back to you.

Step 13: Risk Assessment

Before starting a business, you should evaluate all the risks and benefits. What do you need to know?

pros

• An established point of sale is a source of stable income. An enterprise in a good location and with a wide range of products will always have buyers.
• A trading enterprise, if necessary, is easy to sell as a ready-made business.
• Pretty simple billing system.

Minuses

• Large investments in business and high level of competition.
• Remains of unsold products that have to be written off or sold at a markdown.
• Seasonality of some types of trade.
• The risk of losing up to 80% of investments in case of an unsuccessful turn of events.

Step 14: Advertising

Periodically arrange sales and promotions for clients. Discount cards for regular customers work well. For building materials, clothes, toys, distribution of printed advertising in mailboxes is suitable.

Form a unique offer and colorfully design flyers. Printing 5,000 copies will cost about $100.

Which store is better to open

Consider the features and nuances of opening stores of various types. Based on the previous points, minimum volume the cost of registering a business, repairs and equipment, rent and advertising is approximately $8,000.

Clothing store

Area - from 50 sq. m.

Clothing store opening costs

• Mannequins and busts, torsos (about 10-15 pieces) - about $ 500;
• Full-length mirror in the trading floor - from $ 50;
• 2 fitting rooms with curtains + 2 mirrors - $ 200-250;
• Hangers and racks for clothes - $300-400;
• Electronic product protection system - $ 1400;
• Barcode scanner - $100-150;
• Barcode label printer - $400-600;
• Purchase of things for six months in advance - 10-15 thousand dollars.

The total investment in the business will amount to 20-25 thousand dollars. Margin - from 50-400%.

Important nuances: a large assortment (at least 1000 units), availability of popular sizes, sales related products and accessories (handbags, purses, hangers, jewelry, belts, etc.). Regularly hold sales and promotions (“third item as a gift”, “discount on a second purchase”, etc.).

lingerie store

Enough 15-25 square meters. m. The list of equipment differs from the previous type of outlet only in the type of mannequins. You will need special hangers-busts, "shoulders", "legs" for tights and socks, etc.

Demonstration of goods on mannequins and torsos works well. You need to invest at least $ 13,000 in the opening.

Good and popular lingerie brands: Incanto, Lormar, Milavitsa, Agent Provocateur, Victoria's Secret, Calzedonia, Passionata, Rosme. The best demand is observed for products of the middle price category.

It is necessary to form an assortment for women, men and children, so that visitors make purchases for the whole family.

Grocery store

Required area - from 30 sq. m. Additional equipment and costs:

1. 2 Refrigerators – 1100 $;
2. Shelving for vegetable breakdowns (vegetable box) - $ 150;
3. Product racks- 600 dollars;
4. Printer for printing barcodes and labels - $ 400-600.

In total, together with the purchase of goods, capital costs will amount to 13-15 thousand dollars.

A grocery store needs a warehouse to store food. There are also special requirements for such firms.

To obtain a work permit from Rospotrebnadzor, you must fulfill the conditions SanPiN 2.3.5. 021-94- "Sanitary rules for food trade enterprises". All norms, GOSTs, etc. are written here.

Products must have price tags, weight indication, good expiration date. Products with defects are sold separately, with mandatory notification of the defect. Must have weights.

Company employees must have sanitary books, work in uniform with a headdress, have a badge indicating the name and position.

Children's clothing store

Selling clothes for children will require the same opening costs as a regular clothing store. Mannequins need to be purchased for children.

The amount required for this is in the region of $17,000-20,000. It is important to determine the price category ( the best option- medium), and sort the products by age.

Commission shop

Area 50-60 square meters.

Features of this business

• No need to look for suppliers, people hand over their things themselves;
• The size of the company's commission for the sale of a used product is 20-50%;
• There are no problems with unsold balances. Unsold items are taken back by the owner;
• It is best to place a clothing commission in a densely populated residential area;
• Unlike a clothing salon, many expensive mannequins are not required, a few torsos, busts, and hangers are enough.

To open a thrift store on your own, you will need to spend approximately $ 9,000-10,000.

Auto parts store

The required size of the room is from 60 sq. m. From the equipment you will need counters, racks, a cash register. The amount of investments - from $ 12,000, taking into account the purchase of spare parts.

The secrets of the success of this business

1. It is better to specialize in one or two brands of cars, but to provide spare parts for the entire model range;
2. Sell ​​accessories (mats, scented key rings, etc.);
3. Sellers must be well versed in the device of the car;
4. Select several suppliers for each product group so as not to keep customers waiting. Working with official dealers, you will increase the credibility of the company and will be able to officially use the brand logo in your advertising;
5. Offer a home delivery service.

Flower shop

Area from 20 sq. m. In the trading floor you need racks, a table for packing and composing compositions, racks and flowerpots for flowers, ideally - cooling chamber to maintain the desired temperature.

In addition to flowers, wrapping paper, baskets, gift ribbons, bows, transparent cellophane, mesh, felt, and adhesive tape are purchased as consumables. From small tools you will need scissors, wire cutters, a glue gun, floral knives.

Investments in equipment and the first purchase of cutting - from $ 12,000.

To begin with, it is worth working with local wholesalers; with good promotion, it is recommended to buy flowers from the capital and foreign suppliers.

Important nuances to consider

• Organize the sale of flowers and ready-made bouquets and compositions by the piece;
• Flowers should always be fresh, so you need to learn how to correctly assess the volume of purchases;
• Diversify the assortment with gift cards and soft toys;
• Having created a thematic website, an entrepreneur can start decorating holiday celebrations to order.

Draft beer shop

Required space - from 70 sq. m.

Necessary equipment

• Racks with taps and beer barrels;
• Coolers and defoamers;
• Snack stands.

A complete set will cost about $2,000. About two thousand more will be needed for the purchase of 10-15 types of beer, 100 liters each. In total, the opening will take about $ 13,000.

Sales organization secrets: you need an assortment of 10-15 varieties of a drink and the availability of snacks in packages and by weight (crackers, chips, fish, etc.)

Hardware store

Area - from 60-70 square meters. m. In addition to standard equipment and counters with racks, demonstration stands are needed.

Necessarily storage room, packing and delivery services for purchases. Capital investments in the enterprise will amount to 16-20 thousand dollars.

Most wanted products: finishing materials, tools, paint and varnish products, plumbing. It is best to place a retail outlet in the city center, near major roads and intersections, markets, shopping centers. Margin on products - 25-40%.

What you need to know to open a store from scratch

People will never stop buying. And this is a big plus, so more and more stores are opening around. Great startup for a beginner! Simple and understandable workflows, easy forecasting of income and expenses, fast payback.

But there are also disadvantages:

• Competition. Half of entrepreneurs start their way into business from a store;
• High entry threshold. To open your outlet, you will need an average of 500,000 rubles;
• A lot of routine: negotiations with tenants and suppliers, tracking the balance of goods, paying taxes and much more;
• Seasonality is another risk factor. For example, construction products sell well in summer, but sales fall with cold weather. Other stores, on the contrary, make a cash register in winter, and wait for the weather by the sea in summer;
• The risk of losing everything ... or almost everything. If the business does not go well, you will have to sell the equipment for a penny, and throw off the goods in bulk or give them away to friends.

Where to open your store

After weighing all the pros and cons, we will decide which store to open: do it in a "street" format or place it in a shopping center. Each option has advantages and disadvantages.

Store located on the street always in front of buyers, which means that the client’s path to the product is shorter here: I saw it in the window - I liked it - I went in - I bought it.

The owner will be able to set the opening hours and choose the design to your liking. In addition, the rent here is often lower than in the shopping center. But in this case, you will have to independently communicate with regulatory authorities, coordinate signs, pay utility bills and ensure security.

Human traffic on the streets depends on the day of the week (weekdays / weekends), time of year and weather.

Shopping centersspecially designed to generate buyers: weekdays or weekends, sun or rain, winter or summer - it doesn't matter. Favorable proximity to entertainment points (cinema, attractions) and catering allows you to hook even those who were not originally going to buy anything.

The administration of the shopping center itself settles problems with control, pays for water and electricity, and organizes security and advertising of shopping facilities. Having parking is also a huge plus.

But in a shopping center, small businesses run the risk of getting lost among the same type of stores: best places here usually go to large chains. The entrepreneur will have to adapt to the opening hours of the center and the accepted style of the outlet.

Each shopping center has a concept of occupancy and development. According to it, a decision is made to whom the premises can be rented out, and to whom not. For example, if the shopping center already has a gift shop, a tea or coffee boutique, it will not work to open a second one there.

How to choose a store location

How much does it cost to open your store?

Let's move on to the most interesting: how much does it cost to launch a store. The price of the issue depends on many factors: region, location, area and specialization.

How to open your store from scratch - step by step instructions

Step 1. Evaluate the available resources to start

To open a store from scratch, you need own funds. You can take a loan, but not more than 50% of all investments. Otherwise, there is a risk of falling into a debt hole.

In addition, the success of the enterprise depends on intangible resources. For example, it is easier to start a business if you already have experience, or if an experienced entrepreneur friend helps you. Useful connections, for example, in tax, also greatly increase the chances of success.

Step 2. Which store is profitable to open: we determine the niche and product

Choosing a niche well is half the battle. The following factors must be taken into account:

• Level of competition- if there is already a grocery store in the neighborhood, it makes no sense to open another one of the same kind, it is better to occupy a narrow niche. For example, next to the giant "Magnet" you can open a bakery, butcher's shop or a tea shop;
• seasonality: it is better to start at that time of the year, which is the peak of sales in the chosen niche. For example, a point for selling draft beer is launched in the summer, and to open a hostel best time- spring Summer.;
• Lack of competition. Many people think that a niche with zero competition is the most profitable. It is not always so. There are areas of activity that are not in demand on the market or are frankly unprofitable. Do not step on other people's rake.

Before you start trading, you need to thoroughly study all the parameters of the product, its strengths and weak sides, choose from a variety of options the best and only after that order.

When you decide which store to open, the first thing to decide is how many and what product groups will be required.

For example, we decided to trade in equipment, but which one? Domestic? Digital? Computer? Or anyone - from multicookers to TVs? What is the competition in your niche?

If there is already a large hardware store nearby, it is hardly worth asking for trouble. But a specialized store selling, for example, built-in appliances, has every chance of success.

The size trading platform also matters. Before the first order, it is better to draw a plan for the placement of commercial equipment in order to clearly understand where and what goods will be.

It is useful to have some idea about buying habits.

For example, a plumbing store usually does not sell water heaters. Customers are more likely to look for it in an electronics store. This means that this product group is risky, you can afford it if you stand firmly on your feet.

Step 3. Business plan for opening a store

Drawing up a business plan seems to many to be a super-complicated procedure that only a graduate of the Faculty of Economics can do. In fact, everything is not so scary. You just need to answer a few simple questions:

• Type of store and form of trade: Supermarket? Small basement shop? 24/7 or not? Self-service or counters?
• Location of the store and its competitiveness;
• Who is the potential consumer? What goods do you need?
• Investments: how much will be required at the initial stage? What kind of unexpected expenses may arise?
• Zoning. If, for example, a grocery store, you need to understand where to place refrigeration equipment where there will be utility rooms, where to hang air conditioners;
• Staff: How many staff will you need and with what experience? Do they need uniforms?

Step 4. Finding a place to trade

The main rules for choosing the ideal retail location

• Analyze the state of infrastructure in the area where you plan to open a retail outlet. Are the roads good? What natural beauties or cultural monuments can attract target audience. Is it convenient for the buyer to get to the store;
• Find out what development plans the district administration has: building residential buildings, expanding the roadway, launching new public transport routes, etc.;
• Analyze the type and density of development. The high density and predominance of medium-rise and high-rise buildings testify in favor of high purchasing power. Trade in places low-rise construction even with a high density, it will require additional efforts to attract buyers;
• Find out what products are in demand. This is not difficult. Construction and household goods are in trend in new microdistricts. But over time, the demand for them will fall. You need to think in advance how to replace them;
• Conduct a competitive analysis. Which of the entrepreneurs in the area is able to attract the target audience;
• Summarize the information, break the area into squares and choose the most suitable for the store.

Store space requirements

Requirements for retail space are developed taking into account business needs and safety rules. It is worth learning a few principles for designing a room for a store:

• SNIPs and fire safety standards cannot be violated, even if you really want to. Yourself is more expensive;
• Commodity and consumer flows should not intersect;
• The simpler the layout, the better. If there is a need for redevelopment, you do not have to rack your brains much;
• If an entrepreneur is new to business, he will definitely need a designer who will draw up a project for the future premises, a technologist who will take care of engineering communications and a merchandiser who will deal with the display of goods. Better to hire professionals.

Indoor repair

Color and light create an emotional microclimate in the store. Do not neglect these parameters. At the same time, colors should not distract the buyer from the main thing - the showcase.

The materials used for decoration are subject to special requirements: they should not be dust collectors, they should be easy to clean. The floor in stores is laid out with mosaics or ceramics in restrained colors.

Step 5. We select commercial equipment for the store

The choice of commercial equipment today is large and varied:

• cash register equipment (cash register, pos-terminal, barcode scanner, bill counters, electronic scales);
• refrigeration equipment (refrigeration display cases, cabinets, tables, chest freezers, confectionery display cases, racks, bonnets);
• counter (it can be glass or "deaf");
• shelving (shelves, cabinets, "hills", showcases);
• baskets for goods, carts (in case you plan to open a self-service store);
• mirrors;
• dressing rooms.

For different types businesses fit different cash registers.

When you decide what equipment will be in the store, pay attention to its dimensions. Customers must have enough space to move around the store.

Step 6. Choosing suppliers

Suppliers must be chosen as carefully as employees. Things to consider:

• Opportunities of the counterparty: you should understand how much goods will be needed per day, week, month, year. Then you need to make sure that the supplier is able to meet your requirements. It will not be superfluous to communicate with those who have already resorted to his services;
• Guarantees - it is necessary to clearly clarify what, how, to what extent and in what form the supplier guarantees. This must be done before the conclusion of the contract. It is worth immediately clarifying how to return the goods in case of non-conditioning, in what terms claims are considered;
• Price - to make the business profitable purchase price should be beneficial. Many contractors give discounts for large lots;
• Where is the supplier, affects how quickly he can deliver the goods, as well as the cost of delivery;

• Product quality- it can be evaluated by test samples. If they are not provided, it is worth purchasing a small trial batch.

Step 7. Choosing a taxation system

How to decide on the taxation system

The law allows the entrepreneur to choose from several options, each of which implies different conditions and amounts of taxes levied.

The Business.Ru commodity accounting program will allow you to automate accounting and tax reporting, always be aware of mutual settlements with suppliers, control cash flows in the company, and a personal calendar will remind you of important events.

DOS (General System of Taxation)

This is the regime with the highest tax burdens. For an LLC, these are income taxes (20%), VAT and property tax (up to 2.2%). Taxes for individual entrepreneurs - on income individuals- 13%; VAT and on the property of individuals at a rate of up to 2%.

Paying under the main system is beneficial for those who fall into the category of income tax beneficiaries. Everyone else is better off looking at other options.

USN (Simplified Taxation System)

There are two types: tax is paid on income at a rate of 6% or on income reduced by the amount of expenses at a rate of 15%.

Typically, stores use the simplified tax system "income - expenses", but it is better to choose based on marginality. If income is 40% or more of the cost of goods, it is better to pay at a rate of 6%, 35-40% - at a rate of 15%, less than 35% - again according to the first scheme.

Another plus of the simplified system is that you have to “surrender” once a year.

UTII (Single tax on imputed income)

Applies to stores with a hall area of ​​​​not more than 150 square meters. From January 1, 2014, UTII can be applied throughout the country, but not in Moscow. A businessman gives as taxes 15% of the estimated income, which is imputed by the administration (government) every year.

In other words, no matter what the profit of the store, every quarter the entrepreneur gives a fixed amount.

PSN (Patent System of Taxation)

The simplest and most profitable. But only individual entrepreneurs with a staff of no more than 15 employees can apply it.

You can purchase a patent for a period of 1 to 12 months within one calendar year. The cost of a patent is calculated by the formula: potential annual income (each region has its own) * 6%.

Step 8. We register the activity and obtain the necessary permits

How to decide on the form of ownership

You will have to choose from two forms: an individual entrepreneur (IP) or a company with limited liability(OOO). Making an IP is more profitable both in terms of time and costs. You can work on it anywhere. LLC can operate only at the place of registration. In other cities, you will have to register branches.

Penalties for individual entrepreneurs are less, there is no need to keep accounts. It is easier to withdraw money from the account. But individual entrepreneurs are liable for debts with personal property, and LLC - only with authorized capital. If the store is large, it is better to choose an LLC, because. it has no restrictions on financial turnover.

Documents for registration of LLC + costs

Depending on whether there is one founder or several, the following documents will be required:

	One founder	Multiple founders
	Application form P11001 (1 copy.)	Application form P11001 (1 copy)
	The decision of the sole founder to establish an LLC (1 copy)	Minutes of the meeting of founders (1 copy)
		Establishment agreement (1 copy)
	Charter (1 copy)
	Step 11Securing the Store Fire alarm The type of alarm is selected in accordance with the size of the retail space, layout features, product and financial capabilities. Alarms are: Addressable with transmission of an alarm signal over a radio channel; Addressable with transmission of current signals via a wire loop; Analog, including heat and smoke detectors, as well as sensors for detecting open fire. Alarm button Alarm button may be the only means of safety if the store is open 24/7. It can also complement the alarm and secure, if there is a physical guard. You need to place the button in the most inconspicuous place where you can instantly reach in case of danger. Usually it is attached under the cash register or showcase. There are two types of buttons: fixed and wireless. The wireless button can be carried in your pocket, which is very convenient. In addition, they can be made several and distributed to all employees. Surveillance cameras Today, surveillance cameras are even in small stores. They are helping: prevent theft; establish the fact of theft and identify the thief by record; supervise staff; find out why there was a shortage of goods. The camera must be chosen with a good resolution, such that it is tuned for a close-up display. Often the installation of cameras is accompanied by warning signs that the store is under video surveillance. This is additional insurance so that the thief thinks three times before stealing something. Step 12. Launch the store and analyze the results So, the repair is completed, the business plan is drawn up, the goods are purchased, the staff is hired, all the necessary permits are obtained, security equipment is installed. You can open. Some arrange a real holiday out of this: they decorate the facade, buy balloons, invite a presenter. This is possible, but not required. As soon as the store works for a month or two, you need to do some work on the bugs. Most likely, during this time there will be "hot" goods and those that sell poorly. It is necessary to remove illiquid assets from the shelves and focus on actual products. Why is store automation important? It is worth switching a store to automatic service mode if its sales area is more than 50 sq.m. At the same time, at least 30-35 sq.m. should be allocated for the display of goods. in one room. If you start from scratch, the cost will be 18,000 / sq. m. This amount includes all new equipment, that is, racks, refrigeration units, cash registers, product accounting program, video surveillance systems. Real costs will be lower if you partially use appliances and furniture from the old store.

Are you thinking about starting your own business? Excellent! We will tell you step by step - how to open an online store from scratch with examples and additional materials.

Internet trading is suitable both for those who are trying themselves as an entrepreneur for the first time, and for those who already have business experience behind them. Creating an online store can be divided into several steps:

Step 1: Choosing a niche - deciding what to sell in an online store

This is the most crucial stage. The success of the entire enterprise as a whole depends on what you will trade. There are two nuances here: choose a popular direction - you won’t be left without profit, but you will get crowds of teeth-clicking competitors who have long and firmly established themselves in the market. Choose a little-known or new direction - there will be almost no competitors, but you will have to invest in advertising in order to popularize your product in the market. So think.

True, there are a few loopholes. If you choose the first method - take a narrow topic. For example, not women's clothing in general, and specifically dresses. Yes, not simple, but, say, self made. This way you will attract more customers. The second loophole - if your budget does not include advertising costs, use the social direction. Connect word of mouth, give bonuses and discounts for good feedback In short, get people talking about your store.

Chose a niche - great, now check if these products are in demand.

For example, now it is unlikely that anyone will be interested in spinners, and more recently they have been insanely popular. The volume of demand will help determine the Yandex.Wordstat service- enter a query and see how often it was typed in search engines. You can also see statistics for a specific region (it will help you understand which city to focus on and why) and time. Let's say seasonal items are best sold during the peak season, the rest of the time the number of requests falls.

The most popular niches in which online stores are usually opened are:

Read also:

• One Product Store: Advantages and Disadvantages, Implementation Tips.

Step 2: We study the target audience - the target audience

Create an online store

In a few seconds, an online store will be created, which will work for free for 7 days, and when you complete online training and fill out forms, you will receive an additional 7 days of a free period, that is, in the amount of 2 weeks for a free trial of the platform.

CMS for an online store from InSales contains all the functionality necessary for a modern online store, so after registering an account, all that remains is to add products and start selling.

Video about the basic settings of the online store

Step 6: Customize the design of the online store

Initially, when creating an online store, a standard template is installed, which you can change at any time or, if necessary and have the skills, make up your own. To change the template, go to the design section in the back office, then select another template in the theme gallery or order turnkey design development.

InSales allows you to use both standard free online store templates and custom design for your online store. Standard Templates you can customize as you like: change colors, logo, swap different blocks and menu items, and basically anything you want, since HTML and CSS are available for full editing.

Video on how to customize the design of an online store

Step 7: Adding products to the online store website

After customizing the design, proceed to adding products. This can be done both manually and automatically. By adding products manually, you create a product card for each item in your store, upload an image, provide a description, price and additional information about the parameters and properties of goods.

Video on how to add and work with products in the online store

The InSales platform can make it much easier for you to populate your catalog if you use accounting system 1C or if you have supplier price list files. To do this, there are import and synchronization tools that will help keep the information on the store website up-to-date even with a large assortment, eliminating the possibility of errors.

Video on how to create a product catalog structure

Step 8: Set up payment for orders in the online store

After adding products, you can proceed to set up payment options. As you know, most buyers are used to paying for orders in cash upon receipt. Nevertheless, if you plan to deliver orders to the regions on a prepaid basis or simply encourage its implementation, then it makes sense to connect the acceptance of plastic cards and electronic payments.

The easiest way is to connect a payment aggregator. This is a company that provides acceptance in your favor of many payment methods at once: and, and plastic cards, and payment terminals, and even SMS payments. The InSales platform already supports integration with the main aggregators, as well as with individual payment systems, allowing you to connect to them directly, avoiding intermediaries. To connect, you need to find out the working conditions, choose the most suitable for you and conclude an agreement or create an account in the selected aggregator / payment system. Further, you simply indicate the relevant details in the InSales platform and calmly accept the selected payment options.

If you want to accept money by bank transfer, you can enable the ability to automatically generate payment orders, thereby automating invoicing for orders from legal entities.

Video on how to set up payment methods in an online store

If you want to have an additional source of income and are thinking about where to start a business, one of the first ideas that came to mind would probably be opening a store. New outlets are opening in every city and many of them are really profitable. Learn how to open your store from scratch, step-by-step instruction will help you avoid many rookie mistakes. Find out more important and up-to-date information For information on what it takes to open a store and grow your business, see Retail: How to Start a Business from Scratch.

Where to open a store

Marketers believe that two things are most important for successful trading: the location of the store and the product in demand. Moreover, some experts assure that there are three such circumstances: place, place and place. This, of course, is a joke, but like every joke, there is a significant amount of truth in it.

Indeed, if the location of two stores (each of which sells approximately same item) is very different, then the buyer will go where it is closer and more convenient to get. There is even such a concept - the zone of attraction, i.e. the territory, the inhabitants of which the store can consider as its potential buyers.

In large cities, the shopping attraction zone does not exceed 10 minutes (no more than 1 km) for walking distance and 15 minutes by transport. In residential areas of cities, 30% of residents living in this 10-minute zone consider possible buyers. The less locality or retail outlets, the larger the area of ​​attraction of the store. Now that large chain supermarkets have penetrated almost all cities, convenience stores manage to compete with them precisely due to proximity to customers.

Before you open your business from scratch in a room where there has not yet been a retail outlet, check with the local SES and Ministry of Emergency Situations about whether it meets sanitary and fire safety requirements (especially tough for grocery stores). In addition, the opening of a retail outlet requires coordination with the local administration. It makes no sense to resolve the issue with the owner of the property or buy a room if it turns out that it is impossible to create the necessary conditions or obtain permission to open.

If you are thinking about how to open your business from scratch, but at the same time you do not have enough funds to rent a separate building, explore the options for premises that are offered shopping centers. As a rule, shopping centers are opened in crowded places, in addition, many issues with government agencies have already been resolved, so administrative barriers are lower here.

What to sell

Unfortunately, it is quite difficult to choose which product will be guaranteed to sell and bring good profit. Even experienced salespeople can make the wrong choice, and yet, certain patterns exist here. Here is a list of product categories in descending order of consumer demand:

• Products and essentials (household chemicals, stationery, hosiery, inexpensive cosmetics, pet food);
• Children's products;
• Clothing and footwear;
• Household goods, electronics and Appliances;
• Furniture, home improvement, sporting goods, watches, gifts and decorations.

Sometimes the choice of goods for sale is made by analogy with already operating stores that sell well furniture, clothing, goods for repairs, etc. However, simply copying their assortment is not worth it; offer customers something new and on more favorable terms. In addition, the local market may be on the verge of oversaturation with goods of a certain category, and when a new point is opened, trade will decrease for all sellers.

By the way, find out what revenue a competitor store has, if it entity can be completely legal. Request the data of the organization's annual financial statements (IEs do not keep accounting, so this method is not suitable for them) in regional office Rosstat. This public service approved by the Order of Rosstat dated May 20, 2013 No. 183.

When choosing a category of goods for sale, it is necessary to take into account not only its demand among buyers, but also the possible margin, i.e. trade markup. On average, the margin for product groups is:

• Furniture and household appliances - 20-25%
• Food and essentials - 30-35%;
• Children's goods - 40-50%;
• Clothing and footwear - about 50%;
• Books, accessories, bijouterie - 70-80%.

Study the offers of wholesale suppliers on the Internet, it is highly likely that you will be able to find a product that is of high quality, low price and is not represented in the local market.

How much does it cost to open a store

Bringing business ideas to life from scratch is not easy in any direction, but the trade sector is more expensive than, for example, the provision of services. To create a store, you need to solve the issue with the premises, commercial equipment, purchase a sufficient amount of demanded goods, hire qualified personnel.

For each outlet, the amount of costs will be different. For example, let's consider how to open your own business from scratch, if this is a variant of a store located a few steps from high-rise buildings. To attract buyers, in addition to the usual product range, the seller offers hot pastries, grilled chicken own production, draft beer.

Let's calculate how many expenses will be required for the purchase of commercial and special equipment for a store with an area of ​​50 sq.m. We also take into account the cost of purchasing the first batch of goods and a sign.

EQUIPMENT	COST, RUBLES
Trade and cash counter
Refrigerated showcase (2 pieces)
Showcase freezer
Showcase refrigerated confectionery
Grill for cooking chickens
Showcase thermal for grilled chickens
Refrigerator (2 pieces)
Rack for bread (2 pieces)
Freezer chest (2 pieces)
Convection 4-level oven
Draft beer equipment
Trade racks (6 pieces)
Electronic trading scales
Other trade inventory
Cash register with internet connection
Purchase of goods
Illuminated sign

To the cost of opening a store, you must add semi-fixed costs, such as rent, utilities and security services, staff salaries, taxes and fees. In a month, this amount will be about 150,000 rubles. Don't forget about free working capital to replenish the assortment - 200,000 rubles. In total, if you want to open such a store near the house, you need to have an amount of 1.5 million rubles.

When can such investments in the store pay off, and it will become profitable? Suppose 8 people enter the store per hour, average check is 250 rubles. With a 12-hour operating mode, the average revenue will be 24,000 rubles per day or 720,000 rubles per month. With such indicators, the store has every chance of paying off within one year.

What to register: IP or LLC

How to open your business from scratch in trade - in the format of IP and LLC? It is necessary to know about the characteristics of these organizational and legal forms, because they differ significantly from each other.

IP is registered only for one person	An LLC can have from 1 to 50 members.
The state duty for registration is 800 rubles, the authorized capital is not required.	The state duty for registration is 4,000 rubles, minimum size authorized capital 10 000 rubles
From the moment of registration, the entrepreneur is obliged to pay insurance premiums for a future pension, even if it does not operate or has no profit. In 2017, the minimum amount of contributions is 27,990 rubles.	For a founder who is not registered in the state, you do not have to pay insurance premiums, but he does not accrue pension experience either.
For business debts, the IP pays off all personal property (except for the only housing). Deregistration of an individual entrepreneur does not stop his debts to partners and the budget.	The founder is liable for the debts of the LLC within the limits of the share in the authorized capital. Creditors can bring the founder to subsidiary liability at the expense of personal property if they prove that the actions of the owner led to the insolvency of the company. After the liquidation of the LLC, no claims against the founder are possible.
Individual entrepreneurs do not need to keep accounting and corporate documentation, so this format is much easier for business start-ups than an LLC.	The organization has more reporting, it is necessary to keep accounting, draw up decisions and protocols of the founders.
The amounts of most administrative fines for individual entrepreneurs are much less than for LLCs.	Fines are imposed not only on LLC, but also on the head. The size of sanctions can reach one million rubles.
Business income can be received at any time. An individual entrepreneur has the right to withdraw money from an account or cash desk for personal needs without restrictions. There is no additional tax for this.	Making a profit from a business is possible no more than once a quarter. When receiving dividends, the founder is obliged to pay 13% personal income tax.
There are restrictions on the types of activities, for example, you cannot sell strong alcohol and wine.	LLCs are not limited in activities, some clients choose to cooperate with an organization as a more prestigious form of business.
Deregistration takes only 5 working days. You can close the IP with debts that you still have to pay.	The official liquidation of an LLC without debt takes about two months, but the founder can sell a share or leave the company. If there are debts, then in the process of liquidation, creditors have the right to file a lawsuit for recognition of bankruptcy, during which the founders can be brought to subsidiary liability.

What can be the conclusion? If you are thinking about how to start your business from scratch in the field of retail and you still do not have experience in running your own business, then choose the registration of an individual entrepreneur. If you want to expand your business, you can quickly deregister as an individual entrepreneur and register an LLC.

The taxation system for the store

Even before you open a store, you need to calculate on which taxation system you will have a minimum tax burden. If you do not make such a calculation in advance and do not switch to one of the preferential regimes that you are entitled to use, you will work on the general taxation system (OSNO). In this regime, small businesses pay the highest taxes.

A notice of the transition to the simplified tax system must be submitted no later than 30 days after the registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC, the next time such a right will be presented only from next year. If you have chosen UTII, then you must submit a notification to the inspection at the place of business within 5 days after state registration.

An application for a patent can be submitted simultaneously with documents for registration of an individual entrepreneur, but it will be accepted only if the place of registration of the entrepreneur and the territory of the patent are the same. If you register an individual entrepreneur in one city, and plan to open a store in another, then an application to the Federal Tax Service at the place of business must be submitted 10 days before the start of the patent.

Any competent accountant can make a preliminary calculation of the tax burden in different modes. The solution of this issue will legally reduce the amount of taxes several times, so do not postpone it.

Cash register for trade

Since 2017, the requirements for the use of a cash register have been tightened. New online cash registers are being introduced everywhere. For those sellers who have chosen the simplified tax system or remained on the OSNO, a new type of cash desk is required from July 1, 2017.

Entrepreneurs on UTII and PSN can still work without the use of cash registers, but this period has been extended for them by only a year - until July 1, 2018. If you sell beer, then you will have to install the online cash register earlier - from March 31, 2017, regardless of the mode.

The cost of a new CCP will not be limited to the purchase of the device itself. It is necessary to conclude an agreement with the operator of fiscal data, which will transmit information about sales to the tax office in real time. That is, sellers are required to provide a stable Internet connection in their store and pay annually for the services of a fiscal data operator.

Step-by-step plan for opening a store

Here is a step-by-step plan on how to open your store, where to start implementing a business idea from scratch:

1. Select several options for store premises and find out if it suits you SES requirements, Rospozhnadzor and local administration.
2. Discuss with the owner the issue of a long-term (more than a year) right to use the premises.
3. If you have such an opportunity, then before you open your business from scratch, order marketing research. It is important to know what range of buyers, taking into account the level of demand and the presence of competitors, you can count on.
4. Order from an accountant or calculate your own tax burden in different modes. Choose the most advantageous option for you.
5. Study the offers of several suppliers offering the goods you need, find out the conditions for working with them (the minimum purchase amount, the possibility of obtaining a commodity loan and the percentage of returns of unsold goods, etc.).
6. Calculate what investments are needed to open an outlet.
7. Make a preliminary calculation of the cost recovery for the store, if this period does not exceed two years, then this is a good indicator.
8. Decide in what organizational and legal form (IP or LLC) to start implementing a business idea from scratch in trade.

A point on the market in the dashing 90s was considered a profitable and prestigious business. You could call yourself a businessman or an entrepreneur, get up at 8 in the morning, when factories and factories in the country were already working with might and main, and earn as much as your energy would last. Over time, the demand for marketable goods began to decline. This was facilitated by covered pavilions, tents, departments in super- and hypermarkets. In fact, the goods have moved under the roof, where it is dry and warm. Buyer buying there defective goods, knew who to contact to replace the marriage or return the money. And for market traders, difficult times have come.

Does it make sense to open a retail outlet in the market

Those who have worked in the market for many years, and some even decades, say that trading is addictive, and work quickly begins to shape your new lifestyle. For trade, you need a certain warehouse of character and quality, which you cannot do without: sociability, entrepreneurial spirit, analytical warehouse mind. And, of course, you must be able to count well and quickly. No matter what difficulties market traders face, this type of activity still brings money, and the owner of the outlet himself determines how much time per day, week, month he will work. So, there is a certain sense in trading in the market. When you are your own head and boldly manage your time and finances, it is always nice.

Tips before...

You still have time to bargain, so you should not rush into market relations headlong. To begin with, several important questions need to be addressed. Decide what you will be selling. It doesn't have to be clothes, shoes, or food. You can also sell services, such as repairing shoes and boots, making keys to locks, or mending clothes. Whatever interests you, do it. Is the child growing up? Trade children's shoes and clothes. Love delicious food? Sell ​​food. Do you like gardening? Sell ​​seeds, seedlings, vegetables and fruits. The main thing is that you enjoy the process. In addition, there is a small plus: you can always use the product that was not sold on time.

Now regarding the markups. There is a simple rule here: the greater the turnover, the lower the margin, and vice versa. Money must work, be constantly in circulation. Only on cheap small things you can throw 200-300%. In general, before all over the world, on average, traded for 10% profit. And it was considered the norm. Now everything has changed. The margin percentage has become much higher. That is why when you buy two products, you will be offered the third one for free. It is easy to calculate how much the seller is making.

Do not sell goods that are already inundated on the market. Firstly, they will be bought up badly, and secondly, you can have a serious conversation with your competitor neighbors. Since we are talking about them, it must be honestly noted that no one is waiting for newcomers with open arms on the market. All spheres have already been divided there, so the “place under the sun” will have to be conquered. It is important to find good suppliers in order to purchase goods at a low price. The greater the difference in wholesale/retail prices, the more opportunities for price reduction if the goods suddenly do not sell. It is necessary to take into account such a factor as seasonality. Some goods are better taken in the summer, others are more actively sold out in the winter. Plan your assortment to make a profit at any time of the year.

Some Helpful Tips

One of the main figures in the market is the administrator. It can influence different events. He wants, and your point will be in the most passable place, and if he doesn’t like it, you will trade in the backyards. Therefore, you need to be friends with the administrator. This person will help to "resolve" difficult situations. He can also create them for you if you do not find a common language. If you have already decided which market you will trade in, do your research. Walk around the market, see where people are mostly crowded, whether there are empty seats. Talk to merchants about topics that are important to you, but do not admit that you are going to trade here.

At first, stand behind the counter yourself. So you get to know the market better from the inside, see what the daily revenue will be. In the future, if things go smoothly, you will not be able to do without a seller. But never trust them. This is such a people that they will gladly cheat not only buyers, but also you for the company. Therefore, occasionally it is necessary to arrange a check for them, sending reliable people under the guise of buyers. It can be your relatives, friends, acquaintances. Let them see if the seller overcharges in your absence, putting the difference in his pocket, does not shortchange buyers. Otherwise, the seller needs to be changed. Do not be afraid to experiment, offer new products. Prepare for the holidays in advance and thoroughly. With a successful scenario on such a day, you can make a monthly income.

Organizational moments

So, you have thought everything over and are ready to trade in the market. It's time to meet the administrator. Introduce yourself with a smile and ask if there is a free seat. In case of a positive answer, find out the cost of rent, inspect the place. By this moment you should already know its approximate cross-country ability, it was not in vain that you went to reconnaissance. If the conditions suit you, you can draw up a contract. Do not immediately count on the "bread" place. Life on the market goes as usual, someone comes, someone goes. Over time it will be possible to improve your conditions. The main thing is to try not to quarrel with anyone.

The second stage will be a trip to the tax office to obtain a work permit. There you will be advised what documents you need to provide in order to become individual entrepreneur. While the permit is being issued, you can start selecting an assortment of goods so as not to sit idle. Think about it too appearance your trading place. Even if it is small, but tastefully decorated, buyers will immediately appreciate it, because most of them are constantly on the market, so they will immediately notice a new point. When the permit is ready, show the administrator all the documents, pay the rent and get ready for the working day. Don't forget to give a bonus to the very first buyer. He, like the first love, is remembered for a lifetime.

When you have a seller, set him a fixed salary in a small amount, and make the bulk of the earnings dependent on revenue. This will be a great incentive for your assistant. The seller must be well versed in your product to help the buyer professional advice, be polite and courteous. Your profit will depend on many factors, and all of them need to be taken into account. Experts say that if outlet the market is organized correctly, the initial investment in it pays off in a year. So, everything is in your power. Good luck and prosperity!

Mikhail Vorontsov