What do farmers do. Agricultural business: growing fruit crops. What does a peasant farm do?

It is becoming more and more difficult for those wishing to open their own business to do so in the city. Profitable businesses are fiercely competitive. But you can start your own business in the village. One of the advantages of starting a farm is a small investment. How to start a farm from scratch, we will try to tell.

To support rural businesses, the state is implementing several programs that are aimed at supporting agricultural business owners. Tax incentives have also been introduced. Thanks to this, farming becomes promising.

Where to begin?

The first step to opening your farm is to develop a detailed and competent business plan. It is necessary, at least roughly, to calculate all costs, get qualified advice from knowledgeable specialists, and plan all actions. Ready business plan farming is your guiding thread. A good start is half the battle. Any issues that arise will be resolved in due course.

You need land is your first practical task. There are two options - to rent a suitable plot or to buy it. The second option is more profitable in the future. Renting land is dangerous because its owner may refuse to renew the lease at the most inopportune moment. In the regions, the price of one hectare of land is approximately 2-4 thousand rubles. Even if you do not have large savings, the amount you need will be available to you.

The first step is to find suitable land

After solving the problem of finding suitable land, decide what exactly you want to do. The most well-known areas of agricultural activity are breeding cows, pigs or poultry, growing vegetables and fruits, berries and melons, and breeding fish.

The choice of one direction for a beginner in the agricultural business will probably be more correct. Experts advise starting with vegetables. Developing your business, you will add new directions. Since high profitability is shown by farms that combine different types directions.

Beginners can start growing vegetables

Whatever type of activity you choose, there is always additional profit that you can make from it. Having your own raw materials, you can set up your own production. For example:

1. Growing fruits, berries and vegetables. Additional profit is the sale of frozen vegetables and fruits.
2. Breeding pigs or large cattle . You can set up the production of your own products - stews, sausages, deli meats. Breeding cows will allow you to produce dairy products for sale.
3. Growing cereals. Production of our own flour and cereals, maintenance of our own bakery, where you can bake all kinds of bakery products.

This list is exemplary. Many more items can be added to it. It depends on your desire to earn, your capabilities and imagination. And, of course, do not forget about one important point - you need to take care of the sales market in advance. If you are new to the business and have no sales skills yet, you can hire an experienced salesperson. He will look for buyers and conclude contracts.

To engage in land in the interests of society and the state. Agriculture is now in particular need of development. At the state level, a number of programs have been developed and are currently operating to promote and support the farming business.

The essence of this activity is the production and sale of agricultural products (meat, milk and dairy products, eggs, vegetables, cereals, etc.). If you have an idea to create a farm, where to start your business, you will learn from this article.

Where to begin?

Farming from scratch starts with a solid business plan. For example, use business plans that are available for download on the Internet. On the net, you can easily find an indicative business plan for a pig farm, growing oyster mushrooms, breeding broilers, etc.

Legal clearance required. How to properly register an agricultural enterprise is spelled out in the law “On Peasant (Farm) Economy”.

In parallel, look for land for rent. If it is a farm, the land will be needed to build barns and pastures. For entrepreneurs who have chosen the direction of growing crops, the land will become the foundation of the business. First determine what you will be growing and how much. And select a plot of land with the appropriate area.

Main directions and popular industries

For those who do not yet know where to start agriculture, we advise you to immediately decide on the industry. Now farms are created in 2 directions:

1. Land cultivation - growing vegetables and grain crops.
2. Breeding - animal husbandry.

Farmers who have chosen the first direction are engaged in the production of:

• Cereals (wheat, corn, barley, buckwheat, sunflower, oats, etc.).
• Vegetables (cabbage, cucumbers and tomatoes, carrots, potatoes, zucchini).
• Mushrooms (champignons or oyster mushrooms).
• Berries (raspberries, strawberries, currants).
• Fruits (apples, apricots, pears, cherries, watermelons).
• Greens (garlic and onion, parsley, lettuce, dill).

These are just the most popular crops. But not the whole list of what you can grow with your own farm.

Enterprises that develop in a different direction are bred on their own farms:

• Domestic birds (chickens, turkeys, geese, ducklings, pheasants).
• Animals (pigs, rabbits, cows, sheep, goats).
• Fish (carp, pike, crayfish, trout, carp).
• Bees.

Which direction is closer to you, decide immediately. Some farmers work in several industries at once. For example, they grow vegetables, herbs and mushrooms. Or they are engaged in breeding goats, sheep and cows. Please note that the collection of vegetables and fruits is seasonal. To avoid downtime in winter, breed livestock in parallel.

A beginner should not aim at large volumes. To gain experience, start a farm from scratch from a small production. Look for a low-competitive, but in-demand direction. The less competition in your area, the easier it will be for you to sell products. So read the literature, get acquainted with the experience of practicing farmers (there are many articles and videos on the network on the topic).

This may be the cultivation of oyster mushrooms, the breeding of pheasants or rabbits. But pigs, milk, potatoes are for sale in almost every rural yard. You need to think about whether it is worth joining their ranks, where there is already high competition.

When choosing a sphere, immediately focus on demand and sales prospects. There are situations when a farmer has grown high quality products, but no one needs them. Demand is low or competition is high.

In addition to other farm enterprises, competition is made by small peasant farms. Ordinary villagers produce a little of everything, but in large quantities. Almost every family in countryside raises crops and animals for sale. Especially if for many of them it is the main source of income.

Farming is an activity for the whole family

Creating a farm from scratch is traditionally a family business. And not in vain. After all, not a single pair of working hands is superfluous in the village. The land is rented out without problems, and there is a lot of it empty - take it, work and expand production.

Working with a family is much more profitable for a farmer than hiring workers. Everything is in business, and the profit goes to the family budget. So if you have a large hard-working family (you can also use relatives), you will not need hired employees. At least the first few years.

If you want to start a farm but don't know where to start, watch the related video at the end of the article.

Where to look for financial support

Concessional loans as an option

Farming is a field that requires patience and perseverance. It will not give instant profit.

And the indicators of profit and costs in each case will be different. The average payback period for such an enterprise is 1 year.

For financial support please contact government bodies. Now there are a number of special programs to support those who create a farming business from scratch. And preferential conditions for novice farmers.

If you are registered with an employment center, do not miss the opportunity to get a state financial assistance to start your own business. A prerequisite is a business plan. So develop a plan for opening a farm and contact the employment service with it.

Who is suitable for such a field of activity?

Agriculture requires constant attention, special knowledge and skills. And daily work, including physical. If knowledge is lacking and the question arises: “Your own farm. Where to start?”, everything can be learned. But if you don't like manual labor and the rural lifestyle, it's worth considering whether a farming business is right for you.

To supplement the above on the question of how to create a farm from scratch, see the video posted at the end of the article. It is dedicated to breeding animals on your own farm.

The farming business is evidence that in rural areas you can also make decent money. Today, young people are leaving the villages en masse for large cities in search of work. But if you were born in a village and are used to working on the land, perhaps you should not rush to go to the city. There you have to work for others. You can open your own farm to work for yourself and the good of your small homeland.

Quite often we have to hear that farming is costly, too troublesome and generally very unprofitable. A completely opposite point of view is shared by a young farmer from Prechistensky rural settlement Vitaly Antipov, who has been growing potatoes for 7 years, and this year he registered his own peasant farm.

Crop production, whether it is the production of cereals or vegetables, always involves some risk. Since the result of a labor-intensive process depends not only on the knowledge of production technology, the experience and diligence of farmers. Not the last role in obtaining a high yield, and hence profit, is assigned to correct selection crop varieties. Often, the heavenly office also makes its own adjustments, the whims of which are not always possible to foresee. Every farmer must be mentally prepared for this, patiently overcome difficulties on the way to his goal, - Vitaly says not without optimism.

This enterprising and cheerful young man lives and works in the village of Bykovo. He grows potatoes, gradually increases the area of ​​cultivated land, tries new production technologies and does not complain at all about life - which, to tell the truth, is a rarity for beginning farmers. Of course, in his practice there have been failures more than once, there are many difficulties even now, this year's harvest did not live up to expectations, but he is not going to give up and fall into despair.

WHEN HELP IS REAL

Vitaly Antipov knows firsthand how difficult the bread of farmers is. He grew up in the countryside, in a family of rural workers. Since it is difficult to find a job in the rural outback, his older brother Maxim, together with his father, has been successfully growing cereals and sunflower for many years. From school, he developed the family agribusiness and Vitaly helped in the field, took on any job. And when it came time to decide on the choice of profession, a capable graduate of a rural school easily scored the required number of points in the trial exams of the Moscow Agricultural Academy. K. A. Timiryazev, which took place in Lipetsk. From a large list of proposed faculties, Vitaly chose the direction of economics and a few years later received a diploma in economics and management.

Having tried to realize himself in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - the Central Territorial Administration of Housing, Vitaly realized once and for all that office routine work was not at all for him. Returning from Moscow to the village, together with his family he began to engage in agriculture. Once, having grown potatoes as an experiment on 1 hectare of land, he became convinced that growing vegetables is not so difficult, and most importantly, profitable. So he gradually increased production volumes, gained experience, studied the features of the second bread production technology, and expanded sales markets. Having learned that there are many programs for start-up entrepreneurs in the Lipetsk region, Vitaly turned to the district administration for advice and help a year ago, where the young entrepreneur was told how to start his own business. This year, V. Antipov took part in municipal and regional forums of young entrepreneurs, even became a participant in the regional stage of the Young Entrepreneur of Russia-2016 competition. Vitaly gathered a lot of necessary and interesting information for himself, the stories of successful development of farmers from other districts of the region inspired and strengthened the desire of the potato grower from Bykovo to work on the land and make a profit. So, with the help of specialists from the economics department of the district administration, V. Antipov prepared a business plan for the development of his business, collected desired package documents and became a participant in the program to support young entrepreneurs, which provides for the provision of subsidies for the development of one's own business from the federal and regional budgets. Vitaly has already received part of the funds, thanks to which he reimbursed the costs of purchasing a trailed potato digger for a tractor.

LOOKING FORWARD WITH OPTIMISM

Today, V. Antipov, at the age of 29, is the chairman of the peasant farm, a successful potato grower who looks to the future with optimism. He grows ware potatoes using a new Dutch technology on 9 hectares of land, which he has leased for several years. His family provides the guy with great help and support in his endeavors. Vitaliy is especially careful in selecting potato varieties, harvesting some of them from the previous crop, and buying new ones in advance. This year, a good harvest, although not as expected by the farmer himself, was given by Red Scarlett, Galla, Rosalind. From spring to autumn, the farmer himself daily takes part in all stages of production. During the season, only two people work in the field with him, but so far they are coping with the volume of work. Vitaliy sold a part of the harvested crop back in the fall, and sent a part for storage in a small vegetable store, which he also rented for the time being. As a rule, his regular customers- These are dealers locals, as well as the wholesale depot of the central city market of Lipetsk.

In the future, he hopes that there will be more customers, because he grows natural product with minimal use of fertilizers and chemicals. The profit received today not only allows a young entrepreneur to fully provide for himself and his family, but also make big plans for the future. So, Vitaly Antipov is going in the near future not only to increase the planting area, but also to wash and pack potatoes in airtight plastic bags. For this, of course, additional funds are needed, and therefore the young man is going to take part in the state support program next year and receive a grant. Looking at Vitaly, a purposeful, self-confident, hardworking person, there is no doubt that only success lies ahead of him, which the editors of SV sincerely wish him.

Tatyana Rusova.

If we consider various areas of family business, the development of their own agricultural business is of great interest to entrepreneurs. In Russia, peasant farming as a type of activity has become widespread among citizens. This is primarily due to the introduction of state programs to support agricultural business and farm enterprises. Thanks to the emergence of a number of benefits, peasant farming has become a promising and profitable type of business activity.

Future entrepreneurs face certain difficulties in the initial stages of work. What type of agricultural activity to choose? How much money will you need to develop your own business and how quickly will the investment pay off? How to set up your own business? Similar questions are of interest to many novice farmers. Let's try to figure it out.

KFH - what is it?

A small commercial structure that receives about 60-70% of the profit from agricultural products produced by its own efforts is called a peasant farm. KFH can be created by members of a single family or by one citizen.

To open an enterprise, all participants in the farm contribute in certain shares property or cash deposits. This allows you to carry out further activities, process, store agricultural products, transport and sell them.

The farm enterprise uses land plots of certain areas, equipment and storage facilities for the production of its own products. The profit received from its sale is the main part of the income of all family members. As a rule, the head of a peasant farm is a professional agrarian with knowledge and extensive experience.

The head of the peasant farm has the right to represent the interests of his enterprise before organizations of various forms of ownership or certain citizens. He has a bank account and a seal at his disposal. This enables the head of the company to conclude cooperation agreements, issue the necessary powers of attorney, hire employees, and also carry out other actions necessary for the development of the farm.

Every novice entrepreneur who wants to organize a farm should know the main advantages of running this type commercial activities. First of all, agricultural products will always be in demand for well-known reasons. It must be understood that the cost of food is constantly rising, which provides producers with stable profit. The advantages of opening your own farm should also include:

• representation of goods on the domestic market of agricultural products produced by domestic companies;
• availability of federal programs to support agricultural business;
• a wide range of activities;
• preferential taxation;
• strong consumer demand for domestic products.

It would be useful for novice businessmen to know that more than 80% of the grown vegetable crops are supplied to the markets and trading network small farms. This allows us to present approximate volumes of consumer demand for this type of product and development prospects.

Law on Peasant Farming

It's important to know legislative framework on which the activities of peasant farms are based. The law gives a precise definition of the activities of the peasant farm. Farms are associations of persons related by kinship (property) who have property in common ownership.

According to the law, the activities of farms include not only the production of agricultural products, but also their storage, processing, transportation and sale to the final consumer. The property of the farm belongs to him by right of ownership.

Peasant farms for the implementation of their activities have the right to use their own land, which can be allocated by the state, leased or received in lifetime inheritable possession. Land plots are subject to mandatory sale at public auction in favor of persons entitled to use them according to intended purpose. This is possible if the creditors applied to the judicial authorities with a claim to the land of the peasant farm.

Federal Law No. 74 defines legal provisions farms in the Russian Federation. The main ones include:

• citizens can unite to create a peasant farm on a voluntary basis;
• all members of a peasant farm must take a personal part in its activities;
• debt collection from the enterprise is carried out through the sale of property at public auction;
• all members of the farm are liable to each other (subsidiary liability).

According to Federal Law No. 74, a peasant farm can carry out its activities without forming a legal entity. Please note that the state authorities should provide all possible assistance in the formation of farms (providing access to finance, assistance in obtaining land plots). If there are no violations of the law on the part of the peasant farm, the state has no right to interfere in its activities.

Important: A person who has reached the age of 16 can become a member of a peasant farm. Third parties, in addition to family members, may be included in the enterprise, provided that their number does not exceed 5 people. If any of the members leaves the membership, he is entitled to receive monetary compensation.

Main types of farming activities

Entrepreneurs who want to open a KFH should know what the main activities are. Farms can specialize in growing crops, raising poultry and livestock, and producing a variety of foodstuffs.

Growing crops is characterized by high consumer demand at any time of the year. It is important to establish distribution channels, which will allow you to quickly get the desired income and avoid loss of profit due to product spoilage. If an entrepreneur plans to grow crops, he needs to decide on the direction. So, in great demand consumers use cereals, including rye, corn, buckwheat, sunflower, barley, wheat and oats. Among vegetables, it is profitable to grow tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, carrots, garlic, potatoes and eggplants.

KFH can specialize in the cultivation of fruit and berry crops (strawberries, prunes, pears, apricots, apples) and greens (parsley, dill, garlic and onions). Farms that grow and sell mushrooms (mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, shiitake) bring good income. The list of agricultural crops can vary significantly depending on the climatic conditions of the regions of Russia.

Livestock farms bring considerable income and have a number of distinctive features. First of all, there are several main areas of this type of activity: breeding domestic animals (cows, pigs, horses, rabbits, goats, sheep), beekeeping, fish farming (sturgeon, pike, trout, carps, silver carps) and poultry farming (chickens, ducks, pheasants). , turkeys, geese).

It is known that honey, meat of domestic animals and poultry, fish, as well as dairy products are in great demand among the population, regardless of the season, which ensures high profits. Many farmers scale up over time and expand their own production.

So, having a livestock farm, you can open a line for the production of sausages, delicacies, stew, offal, as well as dairy products (cheese, cottage cheese, sour cream, milk). If a peasant farm specializes in growing grain crops, you should consider opening your own mill or bakery, and vineyard owners may consider producing their own varieties of wine.

Important: Beginners can take up growing fruits and vegetables. These agricultural products are considered to be in demand among consumers. As you develop this direction scale up to include new activities.

How to open KFH?

Let's take a closer look at the algorithm of actions.

Collection of documents

Geographically, agricultural activities can be carried out in any region of Russia, while the registration of a peasant farm must be carried out at the branch of the Federal Tax Service at the place of actual residence of a citizen who will be the head of the company. To create an enterprise, the following constituent documents of a peasant farm must be submitted to the tax service:

• passport of the head of the farm organization;
• a certificate from the place of residence of the person registering the organization;
• application of the established form for registration of a peasant farm;
• agreement (agreement) on the organization of a farm;
• receipt for payment of state duty.

Important: payment of state duty (800 rubles) is a prerequisite for registering a peasant farm. If the entrepreneur was refused to open his organization, the funds for paying the tax are not returned.

As for the agreement on the organization of an agricultural enterprise, it is necessary to know the features of its preparation. The contract is concluded between relatives (family members) who have expressed a desire to establish a farm from scratch.

The agreement must necessarily contain a number of information. These should include information about:

• members of the created peasant farm;
• the head of the organization;
• rights and obligations of each member of the KFH;
• methods of capital formation, management and use of material resources;
• distribution of profits among the participants of the enterprise.

The document must contain a clause that indicates how each family member can enter the agricultural organization being created and on what conditions to leave it. You need to know that if the farm is organized by a single citizen, such an agreement will not be required. If there are originals of all documents for registration with the tax service, duplicates do not need to be notarized.

Farm Registration

How to register a farm from scratch and is this procedure mandatory? Each entrepreneur is obliged to legalize their activities within the framework of existing legislation. After collecting a standard package of documents, you must come to the department of the Federal Tax Service and obtain a permit to conduct business.

In addition, a package of documents can be sent to the fiscal authorities by mail, without forgetting to attach an inventory of available attachments and declare the value of the letter. MFCs operate on the territory of the Russian Federation. A novice entrepreneur can apply there and register his activity. Also, farmers can go to the official website tax service. As practice shows, the registration of a peasant farm quickly passes with a personal appeal to the fiscal authorities.

Waiting for the decision of the tax service

The process of registering farming activities takes 5 days from the date of application to the fiscal authorities. After that, the entrepreneur will receive a mandatory certificate of state registration of the head of the farm. You also need to take the following documents from the tax office:

• extract from USRIP;
• certificate of registration with the Federal Tax Service;
• information letter of the State Statistics Committee.

Please note that if the tax authorities find false data in the information submitted by the applicant (or there are too many errors in the execution), the documents will have to be put in order. To do this, a novice entrepreneur will be sent a notification. All errors and these shortcomings must be eliminated, after which it is allowed to re-apply to the Federal Tax Service for registration of a peasant farm.

State support for peasant farms in Russia

Future farmers should know that the state provides developed for development Agriculture programs. For example, farmers can receive subsidies for the purchase of special machinery and various equipment. To find out the details of participation in assistance programs, entrepreneurs need to contact the department of agriculture in their place of residence.

Farmers can receive subsidies for the purchase of fuels and lubricants, take part in the tax grace period program (tax holidays last for 5 years, freeing novice farmers from mandatory contributions). As for agricultural production, the state often provides special orders to peasant farms, allowing them to develop quickly and earn decent money.

Entrepreneurs can count on receiving assistance from the state in the construction of greenhouses and other privileges. It is also necessary to know that support is being provided to rural farms, which consists in building a housing stock for workers, attracting young professionals and creating proper working and living conditions for them and their families.

At the beginning of farming the best option there will be a lease of land, as it is cheap and does not require time. With long-term cooperation, it is possible to agree with the landlord on the purchase of plots. To do this, it is worth taking advantage of the pre-emptive right of purchase, which provides for the opportunity to pay a price for land that does not exceed the cadastral value by more than 15%.

Entrepreneurs must be aware that if land plots are empty for more than 3 years and are not used for agricultural activities, the state may confiscate them. In addition, it is necessary to strictly observe the rules of environmental safety, otherwise the land plots will also be taken away.

The success of the development of a peasant farm largely depends on the experience of the head of the enterprise and his employees. Most experienced managers believe that the agricultural business is worth starting small and gradually increasing momentum.

As practice shows, farming can become a highly profitable activity over time, however, one should not forget about the existing risks (unsuitable weather conditions, poor harvest, animal diseases, etc.). For this reason, it is not recommended to apply to banks for loans and develop the economy with borrowed money.

Do not expect instantaneous and big profit. In a competitive environment, an entrepreneur must provide consumers with inexpensive and high-quality products. For this reason, it is recommended to focus on the process of growing animals or crops in the initial stages. It is also recommended to find buyers who will provide continuous income. These can be large wholesale bases, supermarkets, market sellers. Apart from quality products it is necessary to organize the delivery of products to customers, which, of course, will bring the business to a whole new level.

Frequently asked Questions

Consider the most common questions on the topic.

How is KFH different from LPH?

LPH is commonly understood as maintaining personal subsidiary farm. This form of ownership allows any person who owns a personal plot or a small plot of land to work. LPH allows you to:

• not pay taxes;
• do not submit reports;
• get a loan from 300 to 750 thousand rubles for the development of the economy;
• legally use land plots not exceeding 2.5 hectares.

If an entrepreneur has formalized his activity in the form of private household plots, he will not be able to obtain quality certificates for his products, as well as declarations of compliance with its established norms and standards. This circumstance significantly reduces purchasing power. In addition, unlike a farming peasant economy, it is impossible to get a large loan for the development of private household plots.

Please note that private household plots do not provide legal grounds for hiring a person, and therefore wages are paid illegally. This form of activity is considered non-entrepreneurial, which is associated with the direct production of agricultural products and their processing. Farms are registered as individual entrepreneurs and allow entrepreneurial activity: production, storage, processing and legal sale of products.

Is KFH a legal entity or an individual?

Almost every novice businessman does not know if KFH is a legal or individual? The state does not require farmers to register legal entity, therefore, most entrepreneurs draw up IP. The system for accruing insurance, pension contributions, and taxes operates in such a way that farmers submit reports and enjoy the provided benefits on an equal basis with businessmen who have registered individual entrepreneurship.

Which taxation system to choose?

Representatives of peasant farms are recommended to choose ESHN (Unified Agricultural Tax). Taxation under the Unified Agricultural Tax is the best for farmers, since this scheme was originally developed to support peasant farms. Entrepreneurs pay the minimum tax under the so-called “profit minus expenses” system.

When paying taxes under the UAT scheme for the full tax period, a time period equal to 1 year is taken. The advance payment must be paid within half a year (reporting period). At the same time, the object of taxation is understood as the amount of income, which is reduced by the amount of expenses. Please note that the tax rate is 6%. ESHN replaces VAT, corporate property tax and income tax.

Which OKVED to choose for registration of a peasant farm?

For every kind economic activity there is a classifier - OKVED. For agricultural enterprises specializing in animal husbandry and crop production, this is the OKVED class - 01. Then there are subclasses. For example, if a farm raises animals for the subsequent sale of dairy products, you need to specify the code from 01.41.1 to 01.41.29; for the sale of meat products - from 01.42.1 to 01.42.12; for rearing artiodactyl animals - from 01.43.1 to 01.43.3, etc.

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It is easy to guess that many farmers choose for themselves KFH as the main form of business. This is easily explained by the available government programs support for agricultural enterprises and farms, both at the federal level and within a single region.

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Many people are of the opinion that life in the village and farming are irrelevant. But think about it - every day on store shelves we see the products of small private farms. It is sometimes easier to earn money in the countryside than in the city. Combining different types of agricultural production, you can get by with relatively low costs.

How to become a farmer? This business is not limited to simply raising pigs, chickens and cows and growing vegetables. it whole system. It implies the existence of a business plan for a farm with official registration of activities. In addition - a well-thought-out system of regulation of costs and revenues.

Farming from scratch: how to start?

As you know, business always starts with an idea - regardless of the scale. Anyone who decides to open their own farm must, first of all, decide on a suitable direction. On the farmstead, you can engage in both crop production and animal husbandry. The main thing is to think over everything correctly and make a successful combination.

That is why a thorough study of the characteristics of the production of various crops and the rearing of animals will be required. Before you become a farmer, you should learn about the incompatibility of individual areas. In particular, the cultivation of certain fruit crops is strictly contraindicated near the places where cattle are kept.

Having decided where to start farming, you will need to think about the material and financial resources that will be required. future business. Everything should be foreseen - from primary financial investments to the arrangement of premises for keeping animals, the organization of the territory of the farm, the purchase of feed and fertilizers. In addition, the future economy will require mandatory registration. Most often, such activities are carried out in the form of IP.

Farming: activities

If you decide to open a livestock farm, the farm will provide you with meat, milk, eggs and skin. In addition, no one will forbid to combine the cultivation of animals, crop production, fish breeding or beekeeping. The main thing is to remember that all animals will require proper quality care and adherence to sanitary standards.

Let's take a closer look at exactly which directions can take place for individual entrepreneur in peasant farming.

We breed piglets

Pork is always in demand in the market and costs a lot. This business is quite profitable, because if you take this direction seriously, you can good care get up to 30 piglets from one sow during the year. Each adult pig is about 200 kilos of meat and fat.

For breeding, piglets of a month old are usually purchased. They are less prone to disease, adapt well to new conditions. The room for them (pigsty) should be kept clean, insulated in the winter and be sure to provide vents. Crowding is contraindicated for animals. They are fed according to the regime, with pauses not exceeding eight hours.

The food is greens (in large quantities), products of meat and dairy origin and special compound feed for pigs. One piglet can be purchased for an amount of 3,500 to 5,000 rubles. It depends on its breed, age and livestock area. You can breed pigs by starting with the purchase of a pair of healthy piglets.

Goats, cows, horses and sheep

In summer, they are all able to eat grass. They need soft hay for the winter. good quality. For top dressing, horses are given oats, and cows are given compound feed.

The yield of a good dairy cow is up to 30 liters of milk daily. From one goat you can get from 5 to 8 liters, and the cost of goat's milk is higher, since it belongs to delicacies.

Horses are most often used as draft power. Sheep are bred for their meat, which is also considered a delicacy. As for sheep, their wool has long been considered the most valuable material. Breeding, both goats and sheep, is one of the most popular and profitable types of business in the field of agriculture.

rabbits

Both fur and meat are obtained from them. At the same time, the animals are quite unpretentious in terms of keeping and breeding. A rabbit farm is a system of enclosures, cages, pits, or sheds. The choice of premises for maintenance is a private matter of the farmer. However, certain conditions must be met:

• Keep animals away from direct sunlight and drafts.
• Provide adequate nutrition.
• Do not forget about timely vaccination.
• Maintain cleanliness in the cages and provide the animals with high-quality drinking water on time.
• Remember the optimal temperature regime.

The diet for rabbits combines a large number of fresh fruits and vegetables according to the season with concentrated dry food. For top dressing, hay and grass are quite suitable for them.

Fish breeding

Today this business is one of the most profitable. But doing it requires certain knowledge, as well as considerable investments. Such agricultural enterprises as fish farms are most often arranged on the basis of artificial ponds, which can be of various types. It depends on the volume of production and preferred species. Due to the need for a large area for arranging a pond, the costs of this business may be overwhelming for a novice farmer.

Who can be most often found in an artificial pond? Carp, crucian carp, pike perch, silver carp, carp and tench. Although pond fish are able to provide themselves with food, they still cannot do without top dressing. As it is taken bran, cake, feed.

Since about May, the fish have been fed on "feeding tables", which are heavy square-shaped wooden trays measuring approximately 50 x 50 cm. Each hectare of the pond will require at least four of these "feeding tables" for fish.

Beekeeping

With the right approach, the profit from the apiary can be quite good. In addition, bees pollinate fruit plants. How are such agricultural enterprises organized? The place for the apiary is selected according to the principle of desertedness and remoteness from roads, close to the areas where honey plants are grown.

Then it is necessary to install hives on 12-24 frames, as well as an omshanik (winter house). Beekeepers can buy hives or make their own. To do this, the beekeeper will need a workbench, hand or power tools. Bees can be purchased both in bee packages and full-fledged families.

poultry breeding

It can be the most common - in the form of chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks. Or exotic enough for our area. We are talking about breeding partridges, pheasants, guinea fowls, peacocks and even ostriches. The choice of breeds depends on the market in which the farmer wants to establish himself.

Where to start farming if you decide to go into poultry farming? As the most unpretentious option, the usual cultivation of chickens is suitable. These birds are inexpensive and unpretentious. From them you can get environmentally friendly eggs and high-quality chicken meat. The demand for ducks, geese and turkeys is somewhat less, but their cost is many times higher.

If you are thinking about breeding guinea fowl, pheasants and peacocks, then you should know that this is quite an expensive occupation, and most likely private buyers or restaurants will have to sell them.

For cultivation poultry you will need to acquire an incubator, special aviaries insulated for the winter, feeders, trays, as well as a certain space for walking. Most often, farmers buy couples for divorce, or in a certain amount young offspring that are subsequently raised. Another option is to purchase eggs and put them in an incubator. Each method has its own merits and demerits.

To feed young chicks, you will need cereals, boiled eggs, greens, cottage cheese, insects, as well as special feed mixtures. The diet of adults is almost the same. Their menu is dominated by grain - wheat, barley, oats. Vitamins and minerals should be added to the feed mixture.

Growing plants

Crop growing has always been and remains one of the topical areas of rural business. Indeed, in the diet of any person, vegetables, fruits and berries are an indispensable component. In addition, in farm conditions it is quite possible to plant flowers. The flower business has high profitability(from 70% to 300%).

The approximate amount of initial investment is from half a million rubles. On them you can rent land, buy cuttings, incandescent lamps for greenhouses, which must maintain a constant microclimate and well-fertilized soil.

Returning to the cultivation of greens and vegetables, it is worth noting that their choice for farming is very diverse. Unpretentious species, like potatoes, beets, carrots, radishes, etc., do not need any special conditions. If you plan to start growing greens, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes and zucchini, you cannot do without greenhouses during the cold season.

Building them along with renting land will require quite a serious investment. Seed costs are relatively small. In addition, in subsequent years you will provide them yourself. The payback of vegetable growing is quite fast. Already this year you can get the first serious harvest. If you can't decide where to start farming, vegetable growing may be the best option.

We grow mushrooms, berries and fruits

For mushroom farming, the most unpretentious (albeit expensive) are truffles. And the most common are champignons and oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms are bred in a special room, where an even microclimate is maintained, in bags filled with mycelium and straw. You will spend from one and a half to two thousand rubles on seedlings for truffles. Much cheaper you can buy the basis for breeding champignons and oyster mushrooms.

If you are going to do strawberries, you can’t do without greenhouses. A number of varieties are also grown outdoors. Such a business would require start-up capital about 100,000 rubles. Add to them another quarter of that for monthly expenses.

Raspberries are grown in a different way. For her, seedlings are purchased and the site is being prepared. They are engaged in it in the summer season, for the winter the bushes are added dropwise in order to protect against frost.

Cherries, sea buckthorn or apples are grown in specially designated garden plots. You will need to purchase seedlings, a special film for shelter for the winter. Harvest from young trees you will wait at best for the next year. Business on fruits and berries is profitable at the level of about 60-100%.

How to register your activity

How to start a farm in legal terms? Every business needs to be registered, and agricultural business is no exception. The stages of the procedure consist in paying the state duty, notarization relevant application, preparation and submission of a package of documents to the IFTS. Next, you should wait for the issuance of ready-made documents, go through the registration procedure in the necessary funds and receive a letter from Rosstat, which will contain statistics codes. Of course, you should also take care of opening a bank account.

We rent land

Rent land plot you can attend to the procedure of legal registration. The lease application is submitted to the local administration. After the case is considered, you will receive information about where the proposed site is located. There you will need to call representatives of the land management organization. They will survey and determine the exact boundaries of the site. Then the land is put on the cadastral register, an appropriate passport is issued.

After that, the documents are again sent to the administration, which issues a decision on the transfer of the site. In addition, registration of the lease agreement is required.

The state will help us

AT last years assistance to young farms is a priority for the state. Now it is easy to get a grant for the development of such a business, the amount of which can be from one to four million rubles. It can be designed specifically to create a farm or have an order lump sum payment to a home device.

This money is purposefully given to a novice farmer for renting or buying land, developing a project, acquiring the necessary equipment, conducting the required utilities, as well as buying materials for planting, animals, feed and fertilizers.

Who can apply for such a payment

Money is paid to citizens of the Russian Federation of working age, heads of farms and peasant farms, whose registration period is less than 24 months. At the same time, it is necessary to have an education and at least three years of experience in the field of agriculture.

The package of documents that need to be prepared consists of a business plan for the farm, a breakdown of costs with prices. The size own funds, which will need to be invested in this case, must be at least 10% of the grant amount. The person who receives it is obliged to create three or more jobs and spend the issued funds within 12 months from the date of issue.

Grants are issued based on the results of competitions, during which young entrepreneurs must prove the profitability and relevance of the future business. Such support can be considered a wonderful way to solve the problem of initial investment. In the case when the payment is denied, there are other options for assistance from the state - in particular, in the form of a loan for farming. In addition, various options for government subsidies are possible.

Summing up

The modern business in the field of agriculture is not at all the idea of ​​​​which is firmly rooted in the minds of many (hard and dirty work, low-income and ungrateful). Today, farms are equipped with the most advanced equipment. The most advanced technologies are used in growing animals and plants. It is quite possible to maintain cleanliness and the right microclimate in premises for breeding birds and livestock. Most operations can be automated, which will greatly facilitate farm work.

Especially important is the financial support of the state in the current crisis. It allows farmers to develop their business. In addition, due to the wide development of a network of cafes, restaurants and numerous private shops, sales problems finished products usually does not happen.