DRINKING WATER
HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS AND CONTROLS
FOR QUALITY
GOST 2874-82
STANDARDS PUBLISHING HOUSE
Moscow
STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR
Validity from 01.01.85
until 01.01.95
This standard applies to drinking water supplied by centralized drinking water supply systems, as well as centralized water supply systems that supply water for both domestic and drinking and technical purposes, and establishes hygiene requirements and quality control drinking water.
The standard does not apply to water with non-centralized use of local sources without a distributing pipe network.
1. HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS
1.1. Drinking water should be epidemically safe, harmless in chemical composition and have favorable organoleptic properties.
1.2. The quality of water is determined by its composition and properties when it enters the water supply network; at the points of water intake of the external and internal water supply network.
1.3. Microbiological indicators of water
1.3.1. Water safety in epidemic terms is determined by the total number of microorganisms and the number of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group.
standard
Test method
The number of microorganisms in 1 cm 3 of water, no more
According to GOST 18963-73
The number of bacteria of the group of Escherichia coli in 1 dm 3 of water (coli-index), no more
According to GOST 18963-73
1.4. Toxicological indicators of water
1.4.1. Toxicological indicators of water quality characterize its harmlessness. chemical composition and include standards for substances:
found in natural waters;
added to water during processing in the form of reagents;
appearing as a result of industrial, agricultural, domestic and other pollution of water supply sources.
standard
Test method
Residual aluminum (Al), mg/dm 3 , no more
According to GOST 18165-89
Beryllium (Be), mg/dm 3 , no more
0,0002
According to GOST 18294-89
Molybdenum (Mo), mg/dm 3 , no more
0,25
According to GOST 18308-72
Arsenic (As), mg/dm 3 , no more
0,05
According to GOST 4152-89
Nitrates (NO 3), mg/dm 3 , no more
45,0
standard
Test method
Hydrogen index, pH
6,0-9,0
Measured with a pH meter of any model with a glass electrode with a measurement error not exceeding 0.1 pH
Iron (Fe), mg/dm 3 , no more
standard
Test method
Smell at 20 ° C and when heated to 60°, points, no more
According to GOST 3351-74
Taste and taste at 20° C, points, no more
According to GOST 3351-74
Color, degrees, no more
According to GOST 3351-74
Turbidity according to the standard scale, mg/dm 3 , no more
According to GOST 3351-74
Note. By agreement with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service, it is allowed to increase the color of the water up to 35 °; turbidity (during the flood period) up to 2 mg / dm 3.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
1.5.4. The water must not contain aquatic organisms visible to the naked eye and must not have a film on the surface.
On water pipelines with an underground source of water supply, water analysis during the first year of operation is carried out at least four times (according to the seasons of the year), in the future - at least once a year in the most unfavorable period according to the results of observations of the first year.
On water pipes with a surface source of water supply, water analysis is carried out at least once a month.
2.4. Laboratory and production control of water quality before entering the network is carried out according to microbiological, chemical and organoleptic indicators.
2.4.1. Microbiological analysis is carried out according to the indicators established in.
On water pipes with an underground source of water supply, an analysis should be carried out in the absence of disinfection:
at least once a month - with a population of up to 20,000 people;
at least twice a month -»»» up to 50,000 people;
at least once a week - »»» more than 50,000 people;
when disinfecting:
once a week - with a population of up to 20,000 people;
three times a week -»»»up to 50,000 people;
daily -»»»more than 50,000 people.
On water pipes with a surface source of water supply, an analysis should be carried out:
at least once a week and daily in the spring and autumn periods - with a population of up to 10,000 people;
at least once a day - more than 10,000 people.
Residual chlorine concentration, mg/dm 3
Required contact time of chlorine with water, min, not less than
1. Free
0,3-0,5
2. Bound
0,8-1,2
Note. In the joint presence of free and bound chlorine, with a free chlorine concentration of more than 0.3 mg / dm 3, control is carried out according to subparagraph 1, with a free chlorine concentration of less than 0.3 mg / dm 3 - according to subparagraph 2.
2.4.4. In some cases, at the direction of the sanitary-epidemiological service or in agreement with them, an increased concentration of residual chlorine in the water is allowed.
2.4.5. When ozonizing water for the purpose of disinfection, the concentration of residual ozone after the displacement chamber should be 0.1-0.3 mg / dm 3 while ensuring a contact time of at least 12 minutes.
2.4.6. If it is necessary to combat biological fouling in the water supply network, the injection sites and doses of chlorine are agreed with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service.
2.5. Chemical analysis of water is carried out according to the indicators established in and (with the exception of residual amounts of reagents), as well as according to. The list of indicators and the frequency of sampling are coordinated with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service, taking into account local natural and sanitary conditions.
2.5.1. Laboratory and production control over residual amounts of reagents and removed substances during water treatment at water supply systems by special methods is carried out depending on the nature of the treatment in accordance with the schedule agreed with the sanitary and epidemiological service, but at least once per shift.
2.6. The organoleptic indicators indicated in are determined in the analysis of all samples (with the exception of samples for residual chlorine and ozone) taken from underground and surface sources in water pipes.
If microbial contamination is found in excess of permissible standards, to identify the causes of contamination, repeated sampling should be carried out with additional studies for the presence of bacteria-indicators of fresh fecal contamination according to GOST 18963-73, mineral nitrogen-containing substances according to GOST 4192-82 and GOST 18826-73; chlorides according to GOST 4245-72.
2.7.1. Sampling in distribution network carried out from street water-folding devices that characterize the quality of water in the main main water supply lines, from the most elevated and dead-end sections of the street distribution network. Sampling is also carried out from the taps of the internal water supply networks of all houses with pumping and local water tanks.
2.7.2. The total number of samples for analysis at the indicated locations of the distribution network must be agreed with the authorities of the sanitary and epidemiological service and comply with the requirements.
Table 6
|
The minimum number of samples taken throughout the distribution network per month |
|
|
Up to 10000 |
|
|
Up to 20000 |
|
|
Up to 50,000 |
|
|
Up to 100000 |
|
|
Over 100,000 |
The samples do not include mandatory control samples after repair and reconstruction of the water supply and distribution network.
DRINKING WATER
HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS AND CONTROLS
FOR QUALITY
GOST 2874-82
STANDARDS PUBLISHING HOUSE
Moscow
STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR
Validity from 01.01.85
until 01.01.95
This standard applies to drinking water supplied by centralized drinking water supply systems, as well as centralized water supply systems that supply water for both domestic and drinking and technical purposes, and establishes hygiene requirements and control over the quality of drinking water.
The standard does not apply to water with non-centralized use of local sources without a distributing pipe network.
1. HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS
1.1. Drinking water should be epidemically safe, harmless in chemical composition and have favorable organoleptic properties.
1.2. The quality of water is determined by its composition and properties when it enters the water supply network; at the points of water intake of the external and internal water supply network.
1.3. Microbiological indicators of water
1.3.1. Water safety in epidemic terms is determined by the total number of microorganisms and the number of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group.
standard
Test method
The number of microorganisms in 1 cm 3 of water, no more
According to GOST 18963-73
The number of bacteria of the group of Escherichia coli in 1 dm 3 of water (coli-index), no more
According to GOST 18963-73
1.4. Toxicological indicators of water
1.4.1. Toxicological indicators of water quality characterize the harmlessness of its chemical composition and include standards for substances:
found in natural waters;
added to water during processing in the form of reagents;
appearing as a result of industrial, agricultural, domestic and other pollution of water supply sources.
standard
Test method
Residual aluminum (Al), mg/dm 3 , no more
According to GOST 18165-89
Beryllium (Be), mg/dm 3 , no more
0,0002
According to GOST 18294-89
Molybdenum (Mo), mg/dm 3 , no more
0,25
According to GOST 18308-72
Arsenic (As), mg/dm 3 , no more
0,05
According to GOST 4152-89
Nitrates (NO 3), mg/dm 3 , no more
45,0
standard
Test method
Hydrogen index, pH
6,0-9,0
Measured with a pH meter of any model with a glass electrode with a measurement error not exceeding 0.1 pH
Iron (Fe), mg/dm 3 , no more
standard
Test method
Smell at 20 ° C and when heated to 60°, points, no more
According to GOST 3351-74
Taste and taste at 20° C, points, no more
According to GOST 3351-74
Color, degrees, no more
According to GOST 3351-74
Turbidity according to the standard scale, mg/dm 3 , no more
According to GOST 3351-74
Note. By agreement with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service, it is allowed to increase the color of the water up to 35 °; turbidity (during the flood period) up to 2 mg / dm 3.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
1.5.4. The water must not contain aquatic organisms visible to the naked eye and must not have a film on the surface.
On water pipelines with an underground source of water supply, water analysis during the first year of operation is carried out at least four times (according to the seasons of the year), in the future - at least once a year in the most unfavorable period according to the results of observations of the first year.
On water pipes with a surface source of water supply, water analysis is carried out at least once a month.
2.4. Laboratory and production control of water quality before entering the network is carried out according to microbiological, chemical and organoleptic indicators.
2.4.1. Microbiological analysis is carried out according to the indicators established in.
On water pipes with an underground source of water supply, an analysis should be carried out in the absence of disinfection:
at least once a month - with a population of up to 20,000 people;
at least twice a month -»»» up to 50,000 people;
at least once a week - »»» more than 50,000 people;
when disinfecting:
once a week - with a population of up to 20,000 people;
three times a week -»»»up to 50,000 people;
daily -»»»more than 50,000 people.
On water pipes with a surface source of water supply, an analysis should be carried out:
at least once a week and daily in the spring and autumn periods - with a population of up to 10,000 people;
at least once a day - more than 10,000 people.
Residual chlorine concentration, mg/dm 3
Required contact time of chlorine with water, min, not less than
1. Free
0,3-0,5
2. Bound
0,8-1,2
Note. In the joint presence of free and bound chlorine, with a free chlorine concentration of more than 0.3 mg / dm 3, control is carried out according to subparagraph 1, with a free chlorine concentration of less than 0.3 mg / dm 3 - according to subparagraph 2.
2.4.4. In some cases, at the direction of the sanitary-epidemiological service or in agreement with them, an increased concentration of residual chlorine in the water is allowed.
2.4.5. When ozonizing water for the purpose of disinfection, the concentration of residual ozone after the displacement chamber should be 0.1-0.3 mg / dm 3 while ensuring a contact time of at least 12 minutes.
2.4.6. If it is necessary to combat biological fouling in the water supply network, the injection sites and doses of chlorine are agreed with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service.
2.5. Chemical analysis of water is carried out according to the indicators established in and (with the exception of residual amounts of reagents), as well as according to. The list of indicators and the frequency of sampling are coordinated with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service, taking into account local natural and sanitary conditions.
2.5.1. Laboratory and production control over residual amounts of reagents and removed substances during water treatment at water supply systems by special methods is carried out depending on the nature of the treatment in accordance with the schedule agreed with the sanitary and epidemiological service, but at least once per shift.
2.6. The organoleptic indicators indicated in are determined in the analysis of all samples (with the exception of samples for residual chlorine and ozone) taken from underground and surface sources in water pipes.
If microbial contamination is found in excess of permissible standards, to identify the causes of contamination, repeated sampling should be carried out with additional studies for the presence of bacteria-indicators of fresh fecal contamination according to GOST 18963-73, mineral nitrogen-containing substances according to GOST 4192-82 and GOST 18826-73; chlorides according to GOST 4245-72.
2.7.1. Sampling in the distribution network is carried out from street water-dispensing devices that characterize the quality of water in the main main water supply lines, from the most elevated and dead-end sections of the street distribution network. Sampling is also carried out from the taps of the internal water supply networks of all houses with pumping and local water tanks.
2.7.2. The total number of samples for analysis at the indicated locations of the distribution network must be agreed with the authorities of the sanitary and epidemiological service and comply with the requirements.
Table 6
|
The minimum number of samples taken throughout the distribution network per month |
|
|
Up to 10000 |
|
|
Up to 20000 |
|
|
Up to 50,000 |
|
|
Up to 100000 |
|
|
Over 100,000 |
The samples do not include mandatory control samples after repair and reconstruction of the water supply and distribution network.
Water supplied to consumers is divided into two categories - technical and drinking.
And each of them has its own sanitary and hygienic requirements. The quality of drinking water must strictly comply with the established GOST.
Industrial water is mainly used in the water supply of boilers, refrigeration plants, for cooling, heating and fire extinguishing systems. Despite this scope, the liquid must be completely safe for human health.
Hygienic requirements for the quality of water supplied to the consumer through the public water supply system are controlled at the highest level. Water is the first source of emergence and development of infectious and non-infectious diseases in humans.
Indicators by which the quality of tap water is controlled
Quality control is carried out in accordance with GOST 2874-82 and provides for the assessment of tap water according to several standards:
- organoleptic;
- bacteriological;
- toxic;
- chemical.
Bacteriological indicators
The bacteriological safety of drinking water supplied to the consumer is determined by the presence of E. coli bacteria, saprophytic bacteria, etc. in the liquid.
If, during the water test, bacteriological indicators exceed even slightly the norm, a secondary water sampling is performed. In addition to bacteria of the E. coli group, water is checked for the presence of endogram-negative bacteria, which, by the way, must be present in tap water. Their absence indicates the unsatisfactory condition of the entire plumbing system and requires urgent action to be taken to eliminate it.
Organoleptic indicators
The organoleptic indicator of tap drinking water includes the norm of substances that are present in natural water and are added to the plumbing system already in the process of preparing water for shipment to the consumer.
Hygienic requirements for drinking water (GOST) establishes the following concentration of substances in tap water, which should not be exceeded:
- chlorides - 350 mg/l;
- hardness salts - 7 mg / l;
- polyphosphates - 3.5 mg / l;
- copper - 1.0 mg/l;
- iron and its compounds - 0.3 mg / l;
- sulfates - 500 mg/l;
- residual aluminum - 0.5 mg/l;
- manganese - 0.1 mg / l;
- pH indicator - 6.0-9.0;
- dry residue - 1000 mg / l.
The assessment of the organoleptic properties of drinking water is also carried out according to the following criteria:
- the smell of water without heating to 20 C and after heating to 60 C - 2 points (maximum 5 points);
- the taste of the liquid, its aftertaste and taste - 2 points (maximum - 5 points);
- water color is measured in degrees and is always agreed with the sanitary and epidemiological service of the city or the whole region - the norm is 20 o -35 o on a 70 o scale;
- turbidity - 1.5 mg / l (during the flood period, the turbidity index is allowed - up to 2 mg / l).
Toxicological indicators
Include criteria for impurities that may be found in natural water, as well as added to the water at the time of its pre-treatment to be sent to the water supply network.
Be sure to evaluate the content of arsenic, strontium, boron, beryllium. The purpose of the test is also to examine the water for the absence of pesticides and oil products, which can reach the consumer due to pollution by industrial emissions and wastewater from agricultural fields and farms.
At the water utility, before it goes through the water supply network, water is tested for harmful impurities, dangerous bacteria and toxins.
Some water utilities conduct "live" tests using crayfish for this purpose.
Animals are lowered into the water with pre-attached sensors. Harmful substances that get into the water immediately "reflect" on the well-being of crayfish - tachycardia, hypertension, etc. This may be a strange way of testing, but it is quite effective. Crustaceans live only in perfectly clean natural water.
Water from the water intake enters the filtration system, where it is purified from third-party impurities, disinfected, iron-free, and all third-party natural impurities are removed. An obligatory stage of purification is chlorination.
The greatest amount of chlorine is added during the flood period - in the spring.
Does flooding affect water quality?
The natural process - a flood - involves the flow of melt water into the water intake, and with it the entry of viruses, salts, heavy metals, pesticides and other substances that are no less dangerous to human health into the water intake.
In the spring, water is considered the dirtiest, therefore, it requires enhanced cleaning and monitoring of its performance, almost doubling the dosage of chlorine.
There are cases when the amount of chlorine was increased 12 times. The reason is the mass departure of residents of the city in the Rostov region of drinking tap water contaminated with rotavirus.
At every water utility, regardless of size and status locality the established sanpin is strictly observed. Drinking water, the hygienic requirements for which are quite serious and high, is constantly tested and studied.
Today, people are "savvy" in matters of water quality - even the excessive smell of chlorine in the water causes a lot of dissatisfaction and concern among consumers about the quality of drinking water.
The quality of water supplied to the consumer through the public water supply system is regulated by GOST 2874-82, the requirements for water for which are similar to those established in the EU and the USA.
Ongoing research in the field of water supply and standard-setting indicates the constant development and improvement of standards, both in Europe and in Russia. And every year these standards are being tightened, which implies the presentation of more and more stringent requirements for the quality of drinking water supplied to the consumer.
There is no single standard in the world, but in general, in many respects, the hygienic requirements for drinking water quality are similar. The first priority for absolutely all countries is the bacteriological safety of drinking water.
Given today's critical pollution situation environment industrial emissions, the issue of compliance of water quality with chemical and toxicological indicators is also relevant and is in second place after bacteriological safety.
To date, a direct relationship has already been established between the contamination of drinking water by industrial waste and the health of the population that consumes this water. The list of diseases of the population associated specifically with the consumption of poor-quality drinking water is expanding every year, which is reflected in the introduction of even more stringent drinking water quality standards in the world.
All documents presented in the catalog are not their official publication and are intended for informational purposes only. Electronic copies of these documents can be distributed without any restrictions. You can post information from this site on any other site.
GOST R 52109-2003
STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
DRINKING WATER,
PACKED IN A CONTAINER
General specifications
GOSSTANDART OF RUSSIA
Moscow
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 343 "Water Quality"
INTRODUCED by the Department of Agricultural Products, Food, Light and Chemical Industry of the State Standard of Russia
2 ADOPTED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the State Standard of Russia dated July 3, 2003 No. 237-st
3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
GOST R 52109-2003
STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
the dateintroductions 2004-07-01
1 area of use
This standard applies to drinking water packaged in containers and intended for drinking purposes, as well as for the preparation food products, including baby food, drinks, food ice(OKP code 01 3100), and establishes general technical conditions for production, supply, sale and use.
The standard does not apply to mineral drinking medicinal and medicinal table waters packaged in containers, supplied in accordance with GOST 13273.
The requirements of this standard are intended for all subjects economic activity on the territory of the Russian Federation, regardless of the form of ownership and subordination.
2 Normative references
MUK 4.1.1013-2001 Guidelines for determining the mass concentration of petroleum products in water. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 2001
MVI 272-02 Method for determining the mass concentration of total organic carbon in samples of natural, drinking, industrial and waste water by IR spectroscopy. JSC "Sverdlovenergo", Yekaterinburg, 1999
ISO 9963-1-94 Water quality. Determination of alkalinity. Part 1. Determination of total and compound alkalinity
MUK 4.1.057-96 Guidelines for measuring the mass concentration of aluminum by the fluorimetric method in water and water samples from surface and underground water sources. Approved by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia on May 21, 1996. Collection of guidelines MUK 4.1.057 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. chemical factors. Measurement of the mass concentration of chemicals by luminescent methods in environmental objects. Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1997
RD 52.24.486-95 Guidelines. Method for performing measurements of the mass concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions in waters by the photometric method with Nessler's reagent. Approved by Roshydromet. M., 1995
MUK 4.1.059-96 Guidelines for measuring the mass concentration of boron by the fluorimetric method in water samples and water from surface and underground water sources. Approved by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia on May 21, 1996. Collection of guidelines MUK 4.1.057 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. chemical factors. Measurement of the mass concentration of chemicals by luminescent methods in environmental objects. Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1997
MUK 4.1.063-96 Guidelines for measuring the mass concentration of copper by the fluorimetric method in water samples and water from surface and underground water sources. Approved by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia on May 21, 1996. Collection of guidelines MUK 4.1.057 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. chemical factors. Measurement of the mass concentration of chemicals by luminescent methods in environmental objects. Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1997
ISO 11969-96 Water quality. Definition of arsenic. Atomic absorption method (hydride technique)
MUK 4.1.065-96 Guidelines for measuring the mass concentration of nitrite by the fluorimetric method in water samples and water from surface and underground water sources. Approved by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia on May 21, 1996. Collection of guidelines MUK 4.1.057 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. chemical factors. Measurement of the mass concentration of chemicals by luminescent methods in environmental objects. Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1997
PND F 14.1:2:4.160-2000 Quantitative chemical analysis of water. Methodology for measuring the mass concentration of total mercury in samples of natural, drinking and waste water using the “cold steam” method on the RA-915 mercury analyzer with the RP-91 attachment. Approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, M., 2000
RD 52.24.450-95 Guidelines. Determination of hydrogen sulfide and sulfides in waters with N, N-dimethyl- n-phenylenediamine. Approved by Roshydromet, M., 1995
ISO 7393-1-85 Water quality. Determination of free and total chlorine. Part 1. Titrimetric method using N , N -diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine
ISO 7393-2-85 Water quality. Determination of free and total chlorine. Part 2. Colorimetric method using N , N -diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine for serial control
ISO 7393-3-90 Water quality. Determination of free and total chlorine. Part 3: Determination of total chlorine by iodometric titration
RD 52.24.446-95 Guidelines. Photometric determination in waters of chromium ( VI ) with diphenylcarbazide. Approved by Roshydromet, M., 1995
MU 2542-76 Ministry of Health of the USSR Guidelines for the determination of symtriazine herbicides (simazine, atrazine, propazine, promethrin, semeron, mesoranil, metazine, metoprotrin, primatol- m) in corn grain, water and soil by gas-liquid chromatography. Approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR, M., 1976
MUK 4.1.069-96 Guidelines for measuring the mass concentration of total and volatile phenols by the fluorimetric method in samples of drinking water and water from surface and underground water sources. Approved by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia on May 21, 1996. Collection of guidelines MUK 4.1.057 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. chemical factors. Measurement of the mass concentration of chemicals by luminescent methods in environmental objects. Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1997
PND F 14.1:2:4.120-97 Quantitative chemical analysis of water. Methodology for measuring the mass concentration of formaldehyde by the fluorimetric method in samples of natural, drinking and waste water on the liquid analyzer "Fluorat - 02". Approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, M., 1997
MUK 4.1.646-96 Guidelines for the gas chromatographic determination of halogen-containing substances in water. Collection of guidelines MUK 4.1.646-96 - MUK 4.1.660-96. Control methods. chemical factors. Guidelines for determining the concentrations of chemicals in the water of the centralized utility and drinking water supply. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M. 1997
ISO 9308-1-2000 Water quality. Detection and quantification of common coliform bacteria, thermotolerant coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli . Part 1. Membrane filtration method
ISO 9308-2-90 Water quality. Detection and quantification of common coliform bacteria, thermotolerant coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli . Part 2. Titrimetric method (most probable number)
ISO 6222-99 Water quality. Quantitative accounting of cultivated microorganisms. Colony counting by inoculation into nutrient agar culture medium
ISO 6461-1-86 Water quality. Detection and quantitative accounting of spores of sulfite-reducing anaerobes (clostridia). Part 1: Liquid enrichment method
ISO 6461-2-86 Water quality. Detection and quantitative accounting of spores of sulfite-reducing anaerobes (clostridia). Part 2. Membrane filtration method
Keywords: drinking water; drinking water packaged in containers; source of drinking water supply; centralized system drinking water supply; quality indicators; property characteristics; indicators of safety and harmlessness of drinking water packaged in containers; control methods; manufacturer's warranty
What do we know about standards? With the development of trade relations, mankind is faced with the problem of quality control of any manufactured product. To do this, each state created appropriate norms and standards. With development international relations, these norms and quality standards were brought to uniform requirements. Currently, there are several world organizations dealing with the problems of water standardization. Documents have been published in which general and main recommendations on water quality are given. Each country also establishes additional necessary standards for the water of its area.
- World Health Organization(WHO), whose main task is to solve international problems of public health protection. In 1984, WHO issued the main quality standard - "Guidelines for the control of drinking water quality", on the basis of which standards of other states are being developed. The WHO recommendations are the result of years of fundamental research and are based on the concept of Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI). WHO recommendations on drinking water can be found, for example, in EU Directive 98/83/EC (drinking), in Directive No. 2009/54/EC on mineral water.
PSP is the amount of a substance in food or water, based on body weight (mg/kg or mcg/kg), that can be consumed daily throughout life without appreciable risk to health. As a result of the research, PSP values were obtained for the main substances potentially harmful to humans. Based on these data, using complex system correction factors, standards for the content of the main harmful substances in water. Moreover, what is very important, when determining the recommended values for water, the intake of a substance from all sources (with food, respiration, etc.) was taken into account. This approach ensures that the total daily intake of the substance from all sources (including drinking water containing concentrations of the substance at or near the recommended level) does not exceed the tolerable daily intake.
- European Community(EC) The European Community Directive (EC) concerning "the quality of water intended for human consumption" (80/778/EC) was adopted by the European Council on 15 July 1980. Better known as the Drinking Water Directive, this document formed the basis for the water legislation of the European EU member states.
The Directive standardizes 66 drinking water quality parameters, divided into several groups (organoleptic indicators; physico-chemical parameters; substances whose presence in water in large quantities is undesirable; toxic substances, microbiological indicators and parameters of softened water intended for consumption). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is a U.S. government agency charged with protecting public health and protecting the environment. This agency developed the US federal drinking water quality standard. This standard includes two sections: National Primary Drinking Water Regulations is a mandatory standard that currently combines 79 parameters (organic and inorganic impurities, radionuclides, microorganisms) that are potentially hazardous to human health; National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations - a standard that is advisory in nature and includes a list of 15 parameters, exceeding the standards for which can worsen the consumer quality of water.
To date, new Directives have been developed, as indicated above. They can be found on the Internet.
State standard Russian Federation(GOST). The basis of GOSTs is sanitary rules and norms (SanPiN) No. 214.1116-02, which divide bottled water into two categories - the highest and the first. Waters of the highest and first categories differ in the content of biogenic elements that determine the physical usefulness of water - calcium, magnesium, fluorine and iodine. Many manufacturers in our country work on Specifications(THAT). According to the unified classifier, waters produced according to specifications starting with the number 9185 refer to mineral waters, and from the number 0131 - bottled table drinking water (non-mineral).
The standards of the countries of the European Community, the World Health Organization differ from the approach from the Russian one in that water is classified taking into account the original source and does not affect biomedical principles important for human health when drinking this water from a specific source. Russian water standards are stricter than recommended in international documents. . Experts in this field compare their data with foreign studies. If the standards of our country are more stringent than recommended by WHO, then our standards are taken as a basis. If foreign documents require more stringent criteria - respectively.
All waters that have received a certificate or product certificate must be registered in the Register of Rospotrebnadzor fp.crc.ru (it can be viewed on the Internet).
Memo according to GOSTs:
International documents regulating water quality:
Each type of water has its own GOST, since all these waters have different requirements.
Tap water cannot be made of ideal quality (due to the large amount of pollution).
Mineral water should primarily heal. And it is prepared according to its own special technology, often using carbon dioxide for disinfection, which is unacceptable for children under 7 years old. Table water often contains a large number of individual micronutrients. And also carbon dioxide.
If you choose water for drinking for every day, for a child or for special groups of citizens: pregnant women, the elderly, people with poor health, working in hazardous industries, then the basis of water quality, of course, should be taken San Ping for bottled water 2.1.4.1116-02. This San Ping was developed by scientists to control the quality of drinking fresh water on every day. According to this San Ping, children's water is considered the highest quality, then the highest category.
This is the kind of water you can ORDER we have.
You can ask us your question about water by e-mail [email protected] or by phone 8-926-011-79-76 Maria
If you have questions about water quality indicators, categories of drinking water, How to choose the right bottled water, you can read our materials on the website
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