(according to CVL)
(according to CVL)
mine armament
4 × 533 mm TA (28 torpedoes)
History of creation
The decision to develop a mass series of third-generation multi-purpose submarines was made in July 1976. The boat was designed by SKB-143 Malachite. Until 1997, the work was supervised by the chief designer G. N. Chernyshev, after his death - Yu. I. Farafontov. The terms of reference were left the same as those of the project 945 "Barracuda", the work of the Central Design Bureau "Lazurit", and the design was carried out on its basis, therefore, work on the preliminary design stage was not carried out. Unlike the Barracuda, the hull of the boat was supposed to be made not from titanium, but from low-magnetic steel. This proposal was made by shipbuilders from Komsomolsk-on-Amur. This requirement was due to both the shortage and high cost of titanium, and the difficulties in working with it, which could be overcome only by one Soviet enterprise, Sevmash, as well as the Gorky enterprise Krasnoye Sormovo, whose capacities were clearly not enough to build a large series in fairly short terms. At the same time, the replacement of titanium with steel made it possible to use the increased capacities of the Far Eastern plants. September 13, 1977 technical project was approved, however, in connection with the construction in the United States of a new type of submarine "Los Angeles" with a new generation of sonar systems, "Pike-B" was sent for revision.
The improved project was ready by 1980. The first part of the series was built in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, due to the increased level of production and technical potential of the Far Eastern shipyards.
In the early 1980s, the Soviet Union purchased a batch of high-precision metal-cutting machines from the Japanese company Toshiba, which made it possible to apply new technologies in the processing of propellers, which drastically reduced the noise of submarines. The deal was secret, but information about it got into the world press. As a result, the US imposed economic sanctions against the company.
Project 971 boats received the code name "Akula" in NATO countries. Later, the project was improved several times, and the boats built according to the modified projects received the code names "Improved Akula" in the west (Russian. "Improved Shark"), project 971M corresponds to the designation "Akula-II". The last of the built boats, K-335 "Gepard", the embodiment of the latest technical achievements, is called "Akula-III" in the West.
Design
Frame
Project 971 has a two-hull design. The robust body is made of high quality alloy steel with σ t = 1 GPa (10,000 kgf/cm²). To simplify the installation of equipment, the boat was designed using zone blocks, which made it possible to transfer a significant amount of work from the cramped conditions of the submarine compartments directly to the workshop. After the installation is completed, the zone block is "rolled" into the boat's hull and connected to the main cables and pipelines of the ship's systems. A two-stage depreciation system is used: all mechanisms are placed on depreciated foundations, in addition, each zonal unit is isolated from the body by rubber-cord pneumatic shock absorbers. In addition to reducing the overall noise of nuclear submarines, such a scheme can reduce the impact of underwater explosions on equipment and crew. The boat has a developed vertical tail with a streamlined boule, in which there is a towed antenna. Also on the submarine are two reclining thrusters and retractable bow horizontal rudders with flaps. A feature of the project is the smoothly mating connection of the tail unit with the body. This is done to reduce hydrodynamic turbulence that creates noise.
Boat noise at 4-8 knots 90-110 dB per 1 Pa at a distance of 1 m
Power point
Energy supply is carried out by a nuclear power plant. On the lead boat, K-284 "Shark", a water-cooled nuclear reactor OK-650M.01 is installed. On later orders, the AEU has minor improvements. Some sources report that subsequent boats are equipped with OK-9VM type reactors. The thermal power of the reactor is 190 MW, the shaft power is 50,000 liters. With. Two auxiliary electric motors in folding outboard columns have a capacity of 410 hp each. with., there is one diesel generator ASDG-1000.
Crew accommodation
Habitability conditions are somewhat improved compared to the project 671RTMK "Pike". The entire crew is located in the 2nd living compartment in the cabins. In the remaining compartments, the personnel keep watch and perform their official duties.
Armament
"Pike-B" is armed with a torpedo-missile system, including 4 torpedo tubes of caliber 650 mm and 4 torpedo tubes of caliber 533 mm, ammunition is 40 units, including 12 caliber 650 mm and 28 caliber 533 mm.
As ammunition of caliber 650 mm can be used: torpedoes 65-76, anti-submarine missile systems PLRK-6 "Waterfall" and PLRK-7 "Wind" with the possibility of installing a nuclear charge.
533 mm caliber devices are equipped with the Grinda torpedo preparation system and can use torpedoes, in particular UGST deep-sea torpedoes and USET-80 electric homing torpedoes, missile torpedoes (APR-ZM type), anti-submarine guided missiles (PLUR) model 83R, underwater missiles M5 "Shkval", C-10 "Granat" cruise missiles with a nuclear warhead, designed to destroy aircraft carriers, are currently being converted into the Kalibr-PL complex. Also, through torpedo tubes, it is possible to lay both conventional and self-transporting mines.
The weapon system used allows the Pike-B to fight submarines and surface ships, as well as to hit ground targets with high-precision cruise missiles.
Modifications
Project 971 boats received the code name "Akula" in NATO countries. Later, the project was improved several times:
Service History
In the same year, another "Pike-B" with a crew under the command of Captain 1st Rank A. V. Burilichev, while in combat service in the far reaches of the Atlantic, discovered a US Navy SSBN and secretly watched her go on combat patrol. After that campaign, the crew commander was awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation.
Comparative evaluation
In June-July 2012, the submarine was unnoticed by the US Navy in the Gulf of Mexico for several weeks.
Some experts are skeptical about comparing project 971 with boats of the fourth generation, considering the performance rating to be too high.
| "Los Angeles" | "Pike" | "Pike-B" | "Barracuda" | "Condor" | "Fin" | "Ruby" | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appearance |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
||
| Years of construction | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Years of service | c | c | c | c | c | c- | c |
| Built | 62 | 15 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| Displacement (t) surface underwater |
6082 7177 |
6990 7250 |
8140 12770 |
5940 9600 |
6470 10400 |
5880 8500 |
2410 2607 |
| Speed (kt) surface underwater |
17 30-35 |
11,6 31 |
11,6 33 |
19 35 |
19 35 |
11 33 |
15 25 |
| Diving depth (m) working ultimate |
280 450 |
400 600 |
480 600 |
480 550 |
520 600 |
1000
1250 |
300 |
Reaction
Original text (English)
The Improved Akula SSN, which went to sea in 1990, soon revealed that the Soviets had surpassed the U.S. Navy in some areas of acoustic quieting--the Improved Akula was quieter than our newest attack submarines, the Improved LOS ANGELES class .
In the same speech, Polmar quoted the words of the Commander of Naval Operations of the United States, Admiral Jeremy Burda (English Jeremy Michael Boarda):
For the first time since we launched the Nautilus, a situation has arisen that the Russians have submarines in the sea that are quieter than ours. As you know, low noise is the main quality for submarines.
Representatives
In total, the project planned to build 25 ships: 13 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur and 12 in Severodvinsk. In 1983-1993, 20 submarines were laid down, of which 14 were completed (seven at each shipyard); 10 of them are part of the Russian Navy, on the last of them - K-335 "Gepard" the flag was raised on December 4, 2001 in the presence of the President and Supreme Commander V. Putin. Two submarines, Lynx and Cougar, were not completed, and the hulls were used in the construction of project 955-955A, like K-535 Yuri Dolgoruky and K-550 Alexander Nevsky; another, the K-152 Nerpa, was launched only in 2006 and was originally intended to be leased to India, as a result of which it had differences in the installed equipment. As of May 2011, the submarine was in Bolshoy Kamen, where the Vostok plant is located. On April 4, 2012, the submarine was officially accepted into service with the Indian Navy at Visakhapatnam Base.
Table colors:
White - not completed or disposed of not launched
Green - operating in the Russian Navy
Yellow - operating as part of foreign navies or as a civil ship
Blue - under renovation or modernization
Red - decommissioned, scrapped or lost
Plant named after Lenin Komsomol No. 199, Komsomolsk-on-Amur
| Name | Head No. | Bookmark | Launching | Commissioning | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K-284 "Shark" | 501 | 11.11.1983 | 22.07.1984 | 30.12.1984 | Decommissioned. Dismantled at the DVZ "Zvezda" in 2008. |
| K-263 "Barnaul" |
502 | 09.05.1985 | 28.05.1986 | 30.12.1987 | In the sludge in the Big Stone. A competition for recycling has been announced. |
| K-322 "Kashalot" | 513 | 05.09.1986 | 18.07.1987 | 30.12.1988 | As part of the TOF. Undergoing repairs in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. |
| K-391 "Bratsk" |
514 | 23.02.1988 | 14.04.1989 | 29.12.1989 | As part of the TOF. In 09.2014, it was delivered to the Zvezdochka shipyard for mid-term repairs and modernization. The renovation is scheduled to be completed in 2019. |
| K-331 "Magadan" |
515 | 28.12.1989 | 23.06.1990 | 31.12.1990 | As part of the TOF. On June 28, 2015, it was located on the territory of the Zvezda Far East Air Plant in Bolshoi Kamen, awaiting the next repair. |
| K-419 "Kuzbass" |
516 | 28.07.1991 | 18.05.1992 | 31.12.1992 | As part of the TOF. 03/19/2016 returned to the Pacific Fleet. |
| K-295 "Samara" |
517 | 07.11.1993 | 15.08.1994 | 17.07.1995 | As part of the TOF. In September 2014, it was delivered to the Zvezdochka shipyard for mid-term repairs and modernization. The renovation is scheduled to be completed in 2019. |
| K-152 "Nerpa" | 518 | 1993 | 24.06.2006 | 29.12.2009 | 01/23/2012 officially transferred to India. |
| "Irbis" | 519 | 1994 | Funding stopped in 1996. As of 2002, 42% readiness, completed under project 971I. In 2011, after the transfer of the K-152 Nerpa to India, which dragged on for 3 years, it was decided to stop the construction of nuclear submarines at the Amur Plant. A solid body has been formed. The Ministry of Defense of India is ready to finance the completion of the second nuclear submarine of project 971 "Pike-B", and then lease this ship. As of December 17, 2014, an agreement was signed on the supply of a second nuclear submarine to India, the construction of which will be carried out by the Amur Shipyard. The second nuclear submarine is already being built at the Amur Shipyard according to the same project (971 Shchuka-B) as the first one, called the Nerpa. | ||
| TO-? | 520 | 1991 | 03/18/1992 canceled at 25% readiness | ||
| TO-? | 521 | 1990 | 03/18/1992 canceled at 12% readiness | ||
Northern Machine-Building Enterprise No. 402, Severodvinsk
| Name | Head No. | Bookmark | Launching | Commissioning | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K-480 Ak Bars | 821 | 22.02.1985 | 16.04.1988 | 29.12.1988 | It was withdrawn to the reserve in 1998, 10/1/2002 was excluded and transferred to the OFI. In 2007, she was towed to Zvezdochka Shipyard for scrapping. Recycled. Sections of the hull were used for the construction of the K-551 "Vladimir Monomakh" project 955. According to some reports, this was the reason for the disposal of the ship. |
| K-317 "Panther" | 822 | 06.11.1986 | 21.05.1990 | 27.12.1990 | As part of the SF. From 2006 to 2008 passed overhaul with modernization. |
| K-461 "Wolf" | 831 | 14.11.1987 | 11.06.1991 | 29.12.1991 | As part of the SF. From 08/14/2014 to 2019, a medium repair and deep modernization is taking place at the Zvezdochka shipyard. |
| K-328 "Leopard" | 832 | 26.10.1988 | 28.06.1992 | 30.12.1992 | As part of the SF. From the end of June 2011 until 2019, a medium repair with modernization is being carried out at the Zvezdochka shipyard. |
| K-154 "Tiger" | 833 | 10.09.1989 | 26.06.1993 | 29.12.1993 | As part of the SF. According to NATO classification - "Improved Akula class" distinguished by increased acoustic secrecy. |
| K-157 Vepr | 834 | 13.07.1990 | 10.12.1994 | 25.11.1995 | As part of the SF (under repair). Will be handed over to the Navy in 2019. |
| K-335 "Gepard" | 835 | 23.09.1991 | 17.09.1999 | 03.12.2001 | As part of the SF. According to NATO classification - "Akula-III" with a modified hull design and new equipment. 12/4/1997 inherited the Guards flag from the K-22 submarine. At 11.2015 completed repairs with VTG. |
| K-337 Cougar | 836 | 18.08.1992 | K-550 "Alexander Nevsky" project 955 | ||
| K-333 "Lynx" | 837 | 31.08.1993 | Not completed, sections of the hull were used in the construction of K-535 "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955 | ||
Current state
All completed boats of the project, except for three, were in service until the early 2000s and were part of the Northern and Pacific Fleets, based on Yagelnaya Bay (now the city of Gadzhiyevo) (SF) and in the village of Rybachy (Pacific Fleet). As of the beginning of 2017, 4 submarines of the project are combat-ready; 3 - on the Northern Fleet and one - on the TF, the rest - under repair or conservation.
The lead boat of the project, K-284 "Shark", was excluded from the combat strength of the fleet and at least since 1996 has been laid up at the base of the Pacific Fleet in Pavlovsky Bay. K-480 "Ak Bars" was decommissioned from the fleet in 1998 and was in long-term storage in Yagelnaya Bay. In 2007 K-480 was towed to Zvezdochka shipyard for cutting into metal. Unfinished structures of Sevmash boats K-337 Cougar and K-333 "Lynx" were used in the construction of the strategic missile carrier "Yuri Dolgoruky" of project 955 "Borey". Two of the four unfinished boats of the plant. Leninsky Komsomol were canceled at the early stages of readiness, the third boat, K-152 Nerpa, was completed and on January 23, 2012 was officially leased to the Indian Navy for $ 650 million for a period of 10 years. Interestingly, in the Indian Navy, the Nerpa will carry the name "Chakra". Previously, this name was borne by the Soviet nuclear submarine K-43 of project 670 "Skat", which was part of the Indian fleet on a lease in 1988-1992 and has become a good base for training Indian submariners over the years: many sailors who served on the first "Chakra" subsequently occupied important posts in the country's navy, including eight who rose to the rank of admiral. The terms of the contract with India also provide for the completion and leasing to the Indian side of the fourth of the unfinished boats in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, the readiness of which as of 2002 was 42%.
Over three boats: "Wolf", "Tiger" and "Leopard" patronize the regions of Nizhny Novgorod.
In 2014, a deep modernization of the nuclear submarine began at the Zvezdochka shipyard. The first upgraded boats are K-328 "Leopard", K-461 "Wolf", K-391 "Bratsk" and K-295 "Samara". In total, it was planned to upgrade 6 boats.
accidents
On November 8, 2008, during tests in the Sea of Japan, as a result of unauthorized operation of the LOH fire extinguishing system on board the K-152 Nerpa, 20 people died - 17 civilians and 3 military. Another 21 people were hospitalized (later another 20 people from civilian specialists asked for help. 208 people were on board the nuclear submarine at the time of the accident, 81 of them were military personnel. .
Notes
- K-322, Sperm Whale Project 971
- See K-152 "Nerpa"
- Silent "Superakula" armed with "Caliber" "Izvestia", April 28, 2017.
- "Gepard" - the first nuclear submarine cruiser of the XXI century, Igor Lisochkin, shipbuilding.ru
- Fedorov, Vyacheslav WEAPONS OF RUSSIA. "Gepard": Underwater hunter. (indefinite) . Military Library Fedorov (2000-2008). Retrieved March 13, 2008. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011.
- "Panther" is being tested, Andrey Gavrilenko, "Red Star" (rosprom.gov.ru), 01/18/2007
- Mikhailov, Andrey "Silent hunter" of the depths turned 20 years old (indefinite) (unavailable link). Rosprom. Federal Agency for Industry. 06/21/2004 (PRAVDA.Ru, 06/16/2004). Retrieved March 13, 2008. Archived from the original on January 29, 2012.
- What is known about the character of noise created by submarines? Appendix 1 - The Future of Russia’s Strategic Nuclear Forces - by Eugene Miasnikov, Center for Arms Control, …
- Yu. V. Apalkov "Submarines" vol. 1 part 2, "Galea Print", St. Petersburg, 2002
- Myasnikov, Victor Strategic missiles flew to China and Iran (indefinite) . nvo.ng.ru(07.07.2006). Retrieved March 14, 2008. Archived from the original on January 29, 2012.
Multipurpose nuclear submarine. The development of PLA pr.971 was started by SKB-143 "Malachite" (Leningrad, chief designer Georgy Nikolaevich Chernyshov, from August 1976, after 1997 - Yu.I. submarine of the 3rd generation "as an analogue of the PLA pr.945 with the replacement of titanium alloys in the design with steel ones. The project used studies on low-noise PLA pr.991 and pr.958. A brief preliminary design (preliminary design) was developed by the beginning of 1976. The Central Research Institute named after A.I. Academician A.N. Krylov (especially in terms of reducing the noise of submarines). The chief designer group was formed in August 1976.
Since 1968, the Krasnoye Sormovo plant has begun assembling a coastal prototype of the power compartments of the PLA pr.971-stand KV-1 at NITI. Since 1972, work on the construction of the prototype has been continued by the LAO. The construction of the installation was completed on December 25, 1975, and the final commissioning due to the mass of faults found during hot tests took place on December 24, 1976. The installation of the automatic control system of the power plant was carried out by representatives of NPO Avrora ( ist. - Shumakov).
Design: the development of the technical design of the boat was carried out from September 1976 to May 1977. One of the main tasks that the developers faced was to keep the submarine within the displacement declared in draft design. The technical design was considered by the 1st Central Research Institute of the USSR Ministry of Defense (shipbuilding) in June 1977 and approved on September 13, 1977 with reservations that in the process of developing drawings and construction, it is necessary to ensure even greater noise reduction, placement of SGPD launchers, placement of CRBD with the possibility of using coastal targets. After receiving information about the innovations on the American Los-Angeles-type submarine, which resulted in the installation of a GAS with digital processing signals, reducing the influence of the submarine's own noise, as well as taking into account the wishes of the leadership of the Navy to equip the submarine with the KRBD "" (Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of May 26, 1978), the project was additionally redesigned for the installation of the Skat-3 SJSC, which required a change in the hull design . The project was handed over in 1980.
http://www.militaryphotos.net).
Production: preparation for the production of a series of boats pr.971 at the Shipbuilding Plant in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (factory No. 199) has been carried out since 1978. The lead PLA K-284:
- laid down at the end of 1980
- the first unit of equipment was installed in a rugged case in June 1983.
- the mortgage board was installed on November 6, 1983.
- the official date of the bookmark is November 11, 1983.
- Rugged body assembly completed in February 1984
- Submarine K-284 was withdrawn from the workshop to the transport and launching floating dock "Amur" on July 16, 1984.
- the beginning of the transportation of submarines in a floating dock to the delivery base in Bolshoy Kamen - October 16, 1984
- launching from a floating dock in Chikhachev Bay, launching a PPU - until October 25, 1984
- arrived under its own power at the delivery base of the plant in Bolshoy Kamen and was run aground (circulation routes turned out to be clogged with mud) on October 25, 1984.
- two unsuccessful stages of factory sea trials - due to the failure of the PPU to reach a capacity of more than 50% (due to circulation routes clogged with mud) - from December 7, 1984
- cleaning of circulation routes - December 7-20, 1984
- the third successful stage of factory sea trials - until the end of December 1984
- signing the acceptance act of the submarine K-284 - December 30, 1984 (indicating the list of works postponed to 1985)
Trials and adoption. Factory tests of K-284 began on December 7, 1984 and the K-284 submarine was officially handed over to the Navy by signing the Acceptance Certificate on December 30, 1984, after which, based in Bolshoy Kamen, it began to fine-tune equipment and test systems. Acoustic refinement of the K-284 submarine was carried out in the period from 1985 to 1987. Final finishing and painting - 1986. Since 1986, the head submarine also provided testing of serial submarines pr.971. Sea trials were carried out in 1986-1987. The first launches of the CRBD "Granat" - January 1987. The technology and laboriousness of navigational and dock repairs were tested in 1987 and in 1989. July 1, 1989 By this time, the K-284 submarine had covered more than 50,000 miles and had about 10,000 hours of operating time of the main mechanisms. Tests of all PLA systems were completed only in 1990.
Probably the first Western photo of the PLA K-284 "Shark" project 971 AKULA, May 1985 (photo - US NAVY,).
One of the first photos of the PLA pr.971 AKULA (K-284 "Shark") published in the Western media (Soviet Military Power 1987. USA. 1987).
PLA pr.971 AKULA (probably K-284 "Shark") published in the Western media (09/29/1989, photo by US NAVY,).
Lead PLA K-284 "Shark" pr.971 AKULA at sludge in Pavlovsky Bay, Pacific Fleet, November 1996 (photo by V. Lemonos, http://www.podlodka.su)
The second in the PLA series pr.971 AKULA - K-263 "Barnaul" / "Dolphin" in the 45th division of the Pacific Fleet submarine (Sazhaev M.I., Navigation roads "Barsov". Site http://shturman.vlms.ru)
Project 971 submarines were built at factories in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (factory No. 199, from 1983 to the present) and in Severodvinsk (Sevmash - factory No. 402, workshop No. 50, from 1985 to 2001). ) and according to the original plans it was planned to build 25 submarines (20 submarines were laid down). By default, PLA data pr.971.
Rolling out from the workshop of the Sevmash Production Association of the PLA pr.971 K-480 "Bars", April 16, 1988 (panorama from the frames of the documentary film "Impact Force. Underwater Hunter", ORT, 2007-2008)
PLA "Kashalot" K-322, October 1993, Pacific Ocean (photo by US NAVY,).
Submarine design- double-hull, aft plumage with a fairing of the towed GAS antenna on the upper vertical rudder. The robust body is made of new grade steel with a yield strength of 100 kgf/sq.mm (thickness up to 48 mm, processed on FUJICAR presses) and is divided into 7 compartments. At the design stage, the task of a significant (about 5 times compared to the 2nd generation PLA) noise reduction was solved using the development of the low-noise PLA pr.991. The assembly of the hull is made by the block method: the PLA equipment is installed inside the hull on shock absorbers and in multi-deck shock absorber blocks ("shelves"), which are part of the general structural system of two-stage shock absorption (each block is isolated from the hull by rubber-cord pneumatic shock absorbers). The body of the PLA is covered with a rubber anti-hydroacoustic coating. Vibration-absorbing and vibration-isolating coatings are used outside and inside the solid PLA body. According to some reports, active noise reduction means are used. PLA equipment meets the standards of vibroacoustic characteristics VAH-74. The crew habitability conditions have been improved on the submarine.
External devices and layout of PLA pr.971 AKULA. The numbers indicate: 1 - SGPD launchers, 2 - emergency pop-up buoy, 3 - SOKS antennas, 4 - GAS antennas, 5 - periscope, 6 - VSK unit - pop-up rescue camera, 7 - radar, direction finder and communications antennas, 8 - exhaust diesel generator, 9 - scuppers (holes in a light body), 10 - container of the towed GAS antenna, 11 - screw, 12 - water outlet, 13 - cover of the thruster auxiliary screw column, 14 - intake fittings of the "Fin" type, 15 - drain holes, 16 - horizontal steering wheel, 17 - torpedo tube covers (http://defenceforumindia.com).
The reactor compartment of the PLA pressure vessel was designed with an isolated room above the reactor and pump enclosures with biological protection. The room housed the shields of the second echelon of the PLA electric power system.
Starting with the PLA K-322 (serial number 513), 25 noise reduction measures were introduced, including a shock-absorbed main bearing of the shafting.
Starting from the PLA K-391 (serial number 514), gunpowder generators for blowing out the tanks of the main ballast are installed. Starting with the PLA K-391, the outboard fittings of the circulation routes of the "Fin" type are installed on the PLA - the shape of the intake becomes flat in cross section instead of round.
Starting from the submarine K-461 (serial No. 831, Sevmash Production Association) and K-295 (serial No. 517, SZLK), 34 new mechanisms are installed on boats in accordance with the norms of vibroacoustic characteristics of the VAC-80.
According to some reports, the submarine pr.971 uses a system for influencing the boundary layer of the water surrounding the hull in order to reduce resistance, which is probably worked out on the experimental submarine pr.1710 "Mackerel" (there is no confirmation of this information).
PLA assembly shop pr.971 AKULA at the Amur Shipbuilding Plant (Ships and destinies. Amur Shipbuilding Plant is 70 years old. Khabarovsk, Priamurskiye Vedomosti, 2002)
Construction of the PLA hull pr.971 AKULA at the Amur Shipbuilding Plant (Ships and destinies. Amur Shipbuilding Plant is 70 years old. Khabarovsk, "Priamurskiye Vedomosti", 2002)
One of the PLA hulls pr.971 AKULA manufactured by Sevmash (probably K-328 "Leopard" or a later PLA, http://forums.airbase.ru/)
http://drugoi.livejournal.com/).
Engines:
Nuclear power plant with a pressurized water reactor on thermal neutrons VM-5 with a steam generating unit (PPU) OK-650M.01 (on K-284 and other submarines) with a capacity of 190 MW (created on the basis of the basic model OK-650.BZ). Two two-section steam generators. PPU designers - Simonov R.I., Farafontov Yu.I., Bogdanovich V.P., Rynsky M.V. PPU is installed on U-shaped cantilever beams embedded in transverse bulkheads (including water protection tank). PPU was later used on submarines of other projects. PPU is equipped with an emergency battery-free cooling system with outboard titanium heat exchangers, a light hermetic water biological protection tank with a compensation system.
OK-650 series reactors were developed by NIKIET in the late 1960s ( ist. - Shumakov).
1 x steam block single-shaft steam turbine plant (PTU) with GTZA OK-9M (on the first submarines produced by the plant in Komsomolsk-on-Amur) and OK-9VM with improved damping with a capacity of 43,000-50,000 hp (according to various sources, most likely 50,000 hp). On the head PLA K-284 - PTU OK-9V. The PTU is mounted on a shock-absorbing intermediate frame resting on inter-compartment bulkheads with the removal of the main circulation pumps to adjacent compartments.
2 x thruster submersible 2-speed propulsion motors with a capacity of PG-160 (?) 410 hp each (370 hp according to other data). They are located in retractable columns OK-300 (chief designer - A.M. Kuzmin).
Retractable thruster propeller OK-300 with PLA electric motor pr.971 AKULA (frame from a documentary film, http://forums.airbase.ru)
movers- one shaft, one 7-bladed fixed-pitch propeller with improved hydroacoustic characteristics and reduced rotational speed. The stern tube bearing of the main shaft is equipped with a self-flowing cooling system, which significantly reduced noise performance. Two reclining thrusters OK-300. Propellers for pr.971 were manufactured using high-precision metalworking machines purchased from Toshiba, bypassing COCOM restrictions (they were also used for submarines of other 3rd generation projects). Bow horizontal rudders with flaps, retractable. Cooling system with water intakes to the central route (beginning with K-391 of the "Plavnik" type - more efficient).
The main propeller of the PLA pr.971 AKULA is a 7-blade propeller (from left to right - one of the "Komsomol" hulls in the floating dock, and the roll-out of the K-335 Gepard submarine with the Sevmash software, all photos from http://forums. airbase.ru and from the film "Underwater Squadron" Sevmash ", 2006)
Propeller PLA K-480 "Ak Bars" project 971, installed as a monument near the "asterisk" center in Severodvinsk. The edges of the screw are processed and differ from the original ones. September-October 2013 (photo - Oleg Kuleshov, http://kuleshovoleg.livejournal.com).
Intakes of the circulation routes of the first buildings (on the left, K-480 "Bars") and the "Fin" type (on the right, all photos from http://forums.airbase.ru)
Energy- two alternating current turbogenerators OK-2 with a capacity of 3200 kW each, two reversible DC converters.
Backup power supply - two groups of lead-acid batteries, 2 x DG-300 diesel generator with a capacity of 750 hp each. (according to other data 1 x ASDG-800-1 or ASDG-1000 - possibly different diesel generators on different sub-series) with a reversible converter, fuel reserve - 10 days.
Starting from the K-391 submarine, emergency electric power networks are installed, and starting from the K-461 submarine (serial number 831, PO Sevmash) and K-295 (serial number 517, SZLK), outboard emergency power networks are installed.
Rescue and life support system- pop-up rescue chamber (VSK) - VSK unit - development and analogue of VSK PLA pr.705. On the submarine K-152 "Nerpa" project 971I, a VSK of a new design was installed (see fig.). Fire extinguishing system LOH (boat volumetric anti-chemical) with a working substance-fire extinguisher freon 114V2 (freon). Rescue universal complex KSU-600N-4 for remote automatic release of life rafts PSNL-20 (4 pcs, only on the submarine K-335 "Gepard", the system was developed by the Central Design Bureau "Lazurit").
Air regeneration system "Astra-3". A new combined system of electro-chemical air regeneration (ECHR) - starting with the PLA K-461 (serial No. 831, PO Sevmash) and K-295 (serial No. 517, SZLK).
The VSK unit is a pop-up rescue camera PLA pr.971I "Irbis" Improved AKULA K-152 "Nerpa" (http://flickr.com).
Demonstration of the operation of the universal rescue complex KSU-600N-4 for the release of life rafts on the submarine K-335 "Gepard" (http://www.gazeta.voenmeh.ru/).
performance characteristics of the submarine:
Crew - 73 people (including 33 officers)
108.25 m (according to the technical project May 1977)
110.3 m (AKULA, Improved AKULA)
113.3 m (AKULA-II / project 971U and K-335 AKULA-III)
Width - 13.5-13.6 m
Width along aft horizontal rudders - 15.4 m
Average draft - 9.68 m
Pressure vessel diameter (using the reactor compartment as an example) - 10.9 m
Surface displacement:
7540 tons (according to the TTZ preliminary project)
7740 tons (according to the technical project May 1977)
8140 tons (project 971 AKULA, production of PA "Sevmash")
8470-8500 tons (according to various sources AKULA-II / K-335 AKULA-III)
Underwater displacement:
12770 tons (project 971 AKULA, produced by PA "Sevmash")
13400-13800 tons (according to various sources AKULA-II / K-335 AKULA-III)
Surface speed:
20 knots (according to Western data)
11.6 knots according to other data (including K-152 Nerpa?)
12 knots (Project 971U)
Underwater speed:
6-9 knots (quiet running)
- 33 knots
35 knots (according to Western data)
Underwater speed on thrusters - 5 knots
Maximum immersion depth - 600 m
Immersion depth working:
480 m (AKULA, Improved AKULA)
520 m (AKULA-II and including K-152 "Nerpa" ?, but, possibly, for all submarines of the project)
Autonomy - 100 days (according to reserves)
Noise and detection range PLA pr.971 according to various fragmentary data:
- The maximum detection range of the boat pr.971 GAK AN / BQQ-5 (PLA Los-Angeles) - 10 km (data from 1995, Jeremy Boord).
At a travel speed of 6-9 knots, the first submarine hulls of Project 971 were not detected by US ASW means (data from 1995, Jeremy Boord).
- The noise level of the PLA K-284 is 12-15 dB or 4-4.5 times lower than the noise level of the PLA pr.671RTM VICTOR-III (Jane "s)
The noise level of the PLA K-335 is 3.5 times lower than that of the K-284 (Alekseev A.P., Samarkin L.A.)
With a natural background of 40-45 dB in calm, the noise level of the PLpr.971 was 60-70 dB - the PL series and the measurement conditions are unknown, Kamchatka (http://forums.airbase.ru).
- At the same time, Project 971 submarines are considered noisier than SeaWolf or Improved Los-Angeles submarines (without clarification). According to Western data (1994), the noise level of the Project 971 Improved AKULA submarine at speeds of 5-7 knots is similar or lower than that of the Improved Los-Angeles (http://forums.airbase.ru).
Estimated cost of PLA pr.971 - 1.55 billion USD (in 1995 prices)
Armament:
Training system TA "Grinda"
Ammunition - total - 40 torpedoes, missiles, rocket-torpedoes or self-transporting mines.
According to the Soviet-American agreements of 1989, ammunition with nuclear warheads is not used in the armaments.
On one of the submarines, tests of the Splash PLUR were carried out (not confirmed, no data).
Starting from the submarine K-391 (serial No. 514) project 971 / 09710 AKULA, 6 x 533 mm disposable non-reloadable launchers REPS-324 "Barrier" are installed on boats to launch means of sonar countermeasures, located in the superstructure (starting from the submarine K- 391 - serial number 514) - i.e. part of AKULA, Improved AKULA, AKULA-II and AKULA-III, except for K-152 Nerpa). Ammunition - 6 SGAPD. Initially, in the West, these PUs were perceived as vertical launchers for the Granat / SS-N-21 SAMPSON CRBD.
SGAPD:
MG-114 "Beryl"
Replaceable insert-launcher SGAPD "Barrier" and SGAPD MG-104 "Throw" (Shipbuilding magazine, http://forums.airbase.ru)
MANPADS "Strela-3" or "Igla" - 3 launchers, 12 missiles.
Equipment:
Hydroacoustic equipment and CICS:
Project 971 AKULA
Project 971 Improved AKULA
Project 971 AKULA-II
project 971 / project 971M (?) (K-335) - AKULA-III
BIUS MVU-132 (?) "Omnibus" developed by the Central Research Institute "Agat". On the PLA pr.971M K-335 "Gepard" - "Omnibus-U".
The hydroacoustic complex (HAC) MGK-540 "Skat-3" SHARK GILL with digital information processing was developed by the Central Research Institute "Morfizpribor", St. Petersburg, chief designer Kakalov V.A. R&D has been carried out since 1980 on the basis of the MGK-500 Skat. In terms of its capabilities, the GAK MGK-540 is not inferior to its American counterparts - the modernized GAK AN / BQQ-5 and AN / BQQ-6. Tests of the final configuration of the HJC were carried out in 1986-1987. in the Sea of Japan and completed only in 1988 (Submarine K-284 "Shark" project 971 AKULA):
- commissioning and factory tests of a prototype HAC on the head PLA K-284 - 1985-1986.
- state testing of a prototype SAC, incl. in oceanic conditions - 1986-1987
- finalization of the HAC and testing in marine conditions - 1988
- a comprehensive check of the combat properties of submarines - 1988
On the submarines of the second series - planned for construction after the K-335 Gepard, it was supposed to modernize the SAC.
The composition of the HAC:
1. General purpose equipment with information output to the control panel;
2. Equipment for noise direction finding in the sound frequency range and equipment for echo direction finding (sonar);
Device No. 1 - nasal passive-active search and attack sonar (SHARK GILL), operating at medium and low frequencies; radome of the main antenna GAK - non-setting fiberglass.
4. Equipment for detecting hydroacoustic signals from operating sonar (hydroacoustic reconnaissance) with GAS for detecting GAS of the enemy MG-70 (the designation MT-70 is found - it is doubtful);
5. Equipment for underwater communication and state identification MGK-80;
6. Subsystem No. 6 - noise direction finding equipment at low frequencies using a towed extended antenna MGBS-541 "Skat-3" (located in the UPV-1-3 fairing-nacelle on the upper vertical rudder).
7. Target classification equipment using a digital noise library; Research work "Osnova", "Melody", "Method", "Cape", "Signal" was carried out by the Central Research Institute "Morfizpribor" in 1979-1987. At the same time, the task of classifying targets according to information from all subsystems of the SAC was solved at the SJSC MGK-540;
8. Equipment for monitoring the operation of the complex.
In addition, the following GAS work together with the complex:
GAS mine detection MG-519 "Arfa-M"
GAS measuring the speed of sound in water MG-543 "Reflector" or "Zhgut-M" (?)
GAS for determining the beginning of cavitation of propellers MG-512 "Vint-M"
Echoledometer MG-518 "Sever-M"
NOR-1 navigational ice break detector
Circular navigation detector NOK-1
The detection range of the SAC is 3 times higher than the detection range of the SAC of the 2nd generation submarine.
Target detection range - 220-230 km (according to various sources)
The number of simultaneously tracked sonar targets - 30
Main passive antenna GAK MGK-540 "Skat-3" SHARK GILL PLA pr.971 (http://paralay.iboards.ru)
Project 971I "Irbis" Improved AKULA (K-152 "Nerpa") - BIUS "Omnibus-E", SJSC "Skat-3" export version (there was also data on the installation of MGK-400ME-3 with the antenna SJSC "Skat-3", but these data are considered doubtful).
During the repair and modernization of the Kashalot submarine (factory No. 513) pr. 971 at the Amur Shipyard, it is planned to replace the SJC with the SJSC Kizhuch. As of the end of 2012, the timing of the completion of the repair of the boat is not clear ().
Non-acoustic means:
Wake detection equipment for submarines and enemy ships - SOKS (wake detection station) MNK-200-1 "Tukan". The SOKS equipment records the parameters of the movement of ships and submarines approximately within 30 minutes to several hours after the passage. It is installed on boats starting from K-322 (serial number 513) as standard MNK-200-1 "Tukan". A sample of the SOKS MNK-200 "Tukan" device with protective petals was installed on the K-480 "Bars" submarine. There are no SOKS devices on the K-461 and K-328 submarines (most likely, there was no configuration during the construction of the submarine, it was planned to be delivered during the middle repair). SOKS was not installed on the K-152 "Nerpa" submarine due to the export purpose of the ship.
Sensors SOKS MNK-200 "Tukan" on the superstructure and in the fence of the cabin of the submarine K-157 "Vepr" project 971 AKULA-II
SOKS sensors on the vertical panel of the submarine pr.671RTM VICTOR-III (possibly MNK-100 "Kolos", chronicle frame not earlier than 1982, from the documentary film "Impact Force. Underwater Hunter", ORT, 2007-2008. )
Radar equipment:
Radar "Radian" / SNOOP PAIR MRCP-58 or "Radian-U" ("simplified") MRCP-59 with one antenna (starting with PLA K-461 / serial number 831, software Sevmash and K-295 / serial number 517, SZLK).
| Name | modification | Radar MRCP-58 | Radar MRCP-59 | Note |
| K-284 (serial No. 501) | Project 971 AKULA | there is | - | |
| K-263 (serial No. 502) | Project 971 AKULA | there is | - | |
| K-322 (serial No. 513) | Project 971 AKULA | there is | - | |
| K-480 (serial No. 821) | Project 971 AKULA | - | there is? | it is possible to replace it with MRCP-59 during operation, maybe for testing (?) |
| K-391 (serial No. 514) | Project 971 AKULA | there is | - | |
| K-317 (serial No. 822) | Project 971 AKULA | there is | - | |
| K-331 (serial No. 515) | Project 971 AKULA | there is | - | |
| K-461 (serial No. 831) | Project 971 Improved AKULA | - | there is | |
| K-328 (serial No. 832) | Project 971 Improved AKULA | - | there is | |
| K-154 (serial No. 833) | Project 971 Improved AKULA | - | there is | |
| K-419 (serial No. 516) | Project 971 Improved AKULA | there is? | ||
| K-295 (serial No. 517) | Project 971 Improved AKULA | - | there is | |
| K-157 (serial No. 834) | Project 971 AKULA-II | - | there is | |
| K-335 (serial No. 835) | Project 971 AKULA-III | - | there is | |
| K-152 (serial No. 518) | Project 971I Improved AKULA | ? |
Electronic warfare system "Bay"
State identification radar "Nichrom-M" / AMBER LIGHT
Radio direction finder "Zone" / RIM HAT
Other systems:
Automated integrated control system for technical means of submarines.
Navigation inertial complex "Symphonia-071" (K-284, K-253, K-322 at least) with a gyro-corrector "Scandium" and an on-board computer or a complex "Symphony-U" (possibly a submarine K-335 "Gepard"?). Perhaps the prototype of the system or the research topic on which the complex was developed was called "Medveditsa-971" (found in the media). The maximum storage time of navigation data to ensure the specified navigation accuracy is more than 7 days (in a submerged position without determining the location). One of the best results in terms of the accuracy of the NK operation was obtained in 2002 during the combat service of the K-295 submarine - for 6.5 days in a submerged position without determining the location, the position error of the submarine did not exceed 10 cables (1852 m). The main operating mode of the navigation complex is "Special".
Satellite navigation system "Synthesis".
Automated radio communication complex "Molniya-MTs" / KREMMNY-3 consisting of:
Satellite communication system "Tsunami-BM" with a towed antenna - device K-659 "Zalom" (located in the superstructure behind the wheelhouse fence)
And long-distance communication antenna system "Kora" / PERT SPRING
VHF radio "Anis" / PARK LAMP
Radio stations R-790 (various modifications), R-143, R-855UM (3 sets), R-159 (6 sets), item P-405, Call, Prichal (3 sets), R-105M ( the data is not accurate, the equipment of the submarine pr.971 AKULA of the first releases).
Emergency signal buoy B-600-1.
Optical survey TV system MTK-110 (allows to conduct optical observation at depths up to 50-60 m). Commander's periscopes PZKE-11 or PZKE-21 (according to various sources) "Swan" and navigational astronavigation periscope "Signal-3".
Fence cutting and retractable devices on the submarine project 971 K-157 "Vepr" AKULA-II (bottom model, author - Kuznetsov A.F., Severodvinsk).
Towed device K-659 "Zalom" (http://forums.airbase.ru)
Modifications:
project 971 / 09710 "Bars" / "Pike-B" - AKULA(1984) - basic project of submarines (K-284, K-263, K-322, K-391, K-331, K-480, K-317, K-461). Boats can be divided into several subclasses:
| Name | modification | noise | SOKS | circulation "Fin" | PU SGPD | Note |
| K-284 (serial No. 501) | Project 971 / 09710 AKULA | basic | - | - | - | head |
| K-263 (serial No. 502) | Project 971 / 09710 AKULA | basic | - | - | - | 1st serial |
| K-322 (serial No. 513) | Project 971 / 09710 AKULA | reduced | there is | - | - | |
| K-480 (serial No. 821) | Project 971 / 09710 AKULA | reduced | there is | - | - | SOKS with protection |
| K-391 (serial No. 514) | Project 971 / 09710 AKULA | reduced | there is | there is | there is | |
| K-317 (serial No. 822) | Project 971 / 09710 AKULA | fulfilled Navy requirements project | there is | there is | there is | |
| K-331 "Magadan" (factory №515) | Project 971 / 09710 AKULA | fulfilled Navy requirements project | there is | there is | there is |
project 971 - Improved AKULA(1992) - a transitional submarine project with improved hydroacoustic characteristics and updated avionics, according to some sources, the official name of the project has not changed (K-328, K-154, K-419, K-295). In the Western media, the name of the project "project 971U" is found.
| Name | modification | noise | SOKS | circulation "Fin" | PU SGPD | Note |
| K-461 "Wolf" (serial number 831) | project 971 Improved AKULA | part of the equipment with VAH-80 | - | there is | there is | |
| K-328 (serial No. 832) | project 971 Improved AKULA | part of the equipment with VAH-80 | - | there is | there is | installed new system EHRV (see above) |
| K-154 "Tiger" (factory No. 833) | project 971 Improved AKULA | part of the equipment with VAH-80, the requirements are more stringent | there is | there is | there is | a new EHRV system was installed (see above) |
| K-419 (serial No. 516) | project 971 Improved AKULA | ? | there is | there is | there is | ? |
| K-295 (serial No. 517) | project 971 Improved AKULA | part of the equipment with VAH-80, the requirements are more stringent | there is | there is | there is | a new EHRV system was installed (see above) |
PLA K-461 "Wolf" project 971 Improved AKULA in the Kola Bay. Northern Fleet, March 2001 (photo by Ilya Kurganov, http://www.submarines.narod.ru).
Presumably PLA K-154 "Tiger" (serial number 833) project 971 - Improved AKULA (http://forums.airbase.ru).
K-154 "Tiger" (plant No. 833) project 971 - Improved AKULA near the PLA-carrier of ultra-small submarines "Orenburg" in Deer Bay, photo dated June 1 and 5, 2005 (photo by Den, http: // fotki.yandex.ru).
K-154 "Tiger" (serial No. 833) project 971 - Improved AKULA in the same place in 2010. SOKS sensors or part of the sensors were probably dismantled on the submarine (photo from alex1976 archive, http://forums.airbase.ru).
project 971 / project 971U (?) - AKULA-II(1995) - a transitional submarine project with a modified (longer by 3 m) for the installation of new equipment, a strong hull, according to some sources, the official name of the project has not changed. According to the project, the only submarine, the K-157 Vepr, was built at the Sevmash Production Association. Structurally and in terms of the composition of the equipment, the submarine corresponds to the AKULA-III class, but without changing the shape of the fencing of retractable devices and the radome of the towed GAS antenna. Active equipment for reducing the acoustic visibility of submarines was installed (probably SAG - a system for active noise damping in the range of 50-500 Hz). In the Western media, the name of the project "project 971A" is found.
Submarine K-157 "Vepr" project 971 AKULA-II in Motovsky Bay. Northern Fleet, June 1998 (photo by Ilya Kurganov, http://www.submarines.narod.ru)
project 971 / project 971M (?) - AKULA-III(2001) - it was assumed that this project would be a large-scale "second base" project of a submarine with a more modern avionics, a modified fairing of the container of the towed antenna of the SAC and a different design of the cabin fence in terms of interface with the submarine hull. The only submarine K-335 "Gepard" was built at the Sevmash Production Association according to the project. According to some sources, the official name of the project also did not change (project 971).
Submarine K-335 "Gepard" pr.971M AKULA-III opposite workshop No. 50 of the Sevmash Production Association, October 1999, Severodvinsk (photo - S. Kundyvus, Sevmash Production Association, http://forums.airbase.ru).
Submarine K-335 "Gepard" project 971 AKULA-III in the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea during sea trials. Northern Fleet, July 2001 (photo by Ilya Kurganov, http://www.submarines.narod.ru)
Submarine K-335 "Gepard" project 971 AKULA-III in the Dvina Bay. Northern Fleet, July 2001 (photo by Ilya Kurganov, http://www.submarines.narod.ru/)
project 971I / 09719 "Irbis" - Improved AKULA(2009) - modification of the PLA pr.971 for the Indian Navy (K-152 "Nerpa"). According to media reports - "with an unclassified composition of avionics", an export version of the SJSC "Skat-3" - there are no SGPD launchers and a SOKS system on the boat. Transferred to the Russian Navy on December 28, 2009. The transfer of the submarine to the Indian Navy took place in 2012.
Submarine K-152 "Nerpa" pr.971I - Improved AKULA during testing, 10/31/2008 (photo from tsonyo archive, http://forums.airbase.ru).
PLA Chakra / K-152 "Nerpa" pr.971I - Improved AKULA on the way to India, end of March 2012 (http://www.militaryphotos.net).
PLA Chakra / K-152 "Nerpa" pr.971I - Improved AKULA on the way to India, end of March 2012 (http://www.militaryphotos.net).
Project 971M -AKULA IV(name AKULA-IV conditional.) - a project for the modernization of submarines pr.971. The lead boat is K-328 "Leopard" (factory No. 832), repairs with the modernization of the boat according to the project are being carried out by the Zvezdochka shipyard (Severodvinsk), the contract with the Russian Ministry of Defense was signed on 12/27/2012. The responsible deliverer of the ship is Nikolai Yasny. The modernization will affect almost all systems - navigation, navigation, hydroacoustics, other radio-electronic systems, weapons complex, main power plant, turbines. As a result of these works, "Leopard" will be assigned to the "3+" generation. In total, it is planned to modernize 6 submarines pr.971 by the Zvezdochka Shipyard. The Leopard arrived at Zvezdochka at the end of June 2011. Within five months, the bulk of the work on the examination of the material part of the submarine was completed. At the end of April 2012, the ship was raised to a solid foundation. In the dock, the work on survey of the dock part was completed, the hull was cleaned, and the inhibitor was unloaded. Two weeks after the docking operation, the Leopard took its place in the boathouse and intensive work began on the ship to dismantle equipment. It is planned to complete the unloading of the equipment in June 2013. design documentation, which the designer had to provide the shipyard six months ago. The absence of design documentation hinders the development of technological processes for the dismantling of equipment and repairs (). 02/13/2014, it is reported that in 2015 the upgraded Leopard submarine is planned to be transferred to the Russian Navy, while it is also noted that the work is behind schedule due to the delay of the RKD. Following the first submarine, it is planned to modernize 1 more submarine from the Northern Fleet and 2 submarines from the Pacific Fleet in the same place.
PLA pr.971 projections from the booklet of the SPMBM "Malachite" from the IMDS-2011 salon (from the Gogs archive, http://forums.airbase.ru/).
Projections of PLA options pr.971 (drawing Diletant2010, adjustments, version 04/29/2010)
One of the first Western photos of the PLA pr.971 AKULA (K-284 "Shark"), March 25, 1986 (photo - US NAVY,).
- 1987 January - the first launches of the Granat CRBD with the head PLA pr.971 K-284.
1988 - on the head submarine K-284, after improvements, the GAK MGK-540 "Skat-3" was adopted.
1990 - tests of the head PLA K-284 and all systems of project 971 were completed.
April 6, 1990 - PLA K-480 (future "Bars") dives to a maximum depth of more than 400 m (Norwegian Sea).
1990 summer - the first combat service of the submarine pr.971 - Pacific Fleet, 45th division of the submarine, submarine K-322 - senior campaign deputy division commander captain 1st rank Sidenko Konstantin Semenovich. The duration of tracking foreign submarines in the campaign was more than 14 days (354 hours). This was the best result - the tracking time for a foreign submarine exceeded the best achievements of the USSR Navy submarines. Incl. through the SOCS system.
1990 - the second combat service of the submarine pr.971 - Pacific Fleet, 45th division of the submarine, submarine K-263 under the command of Captain 1st Rank Mishin Alexei Yegorovich. This was the first and last combat service of the K-263 submarine - in the future, combat training tasks were practiced by the crews of the formation on the submarine. Since 1998, the submarine has been standing next to the submarine in "sucks".
1991 summer - the third combat service of the submarine pr. 971 - Pacific Fleet, 45th division of the submarine, submarine K-391 - senior campaign deputy division commander captain 1st rank Konstantin Semenovich Sidenko .. The results of tracking foreign submarines are better than in the first military service PLA pr.971.
1992 - combat service of the PLA pr.971 K-331 (Pacific Fleet, 45th division of the submarine, senior campaign - deputy commander of the division captain 1st rank Sergey Yegorovich Vasin). A new Russian Navy record for tracking foreign submarines has been set.
1993 - on the submarine K-391 (manufacturer No. 514) the last missile firing in the Navy was carried out with the Granat complex, Rear Admiral Yu.V. Kirillov, senior on board.
Spring 1995 - K-419 "Walrus" (factory No. 516) during combat service solved tasks in remote areas of the Pacific Ocean off the western coast of the United States. Senior campaign - division commander Rear Admiral Sidenko K.S. The submarine operated in a tough system of anti-submarine warfare by the US PLS. The campaign was partly demonstrative. This was the first US NAVY contact with the Improved AKULA submarine (K-419 "Walrus"), which showed that at a speed of less than 6-9 knots, it was impossible to track the submarine with sonar means of the ASW (Jeremy Boord, Admiral, Chief of Operations US NAVY).
1996 - Last year during which the PLA K-317 "Patner" launched the power plant for the last time in the mode of operation of the main turbogenerators.
October 6, 1997 - the unfinished Rys submarine (factory No. 837) was removed from construction at the Sevmash Production Association and excluded from the Navy.
1997 - at the Pacific Fleet, from the 45th submarine division, boats pr. 971 were transferred to the 10th anti-aircraft division of the Pacific Fleet submarine.
1997 - heading of the submarine K-335 "Gepard" more than 80%, there is information about the disposal of submarines Nos. 520 and 521.
January 22, 1998 - the unfinished Cougar submarine (serial number 836) was removed from construction at the Sevmash Production Association and excluded from the Navy.
September 11, 1998 - on the submarine K-157 Vepr, sailor Kuzminykh killed 8 colleagues and wounded an officer. The sailor was shot dead by the FSB special group during the assault on the compartment in which he tried to barricade himself, threatening to blow up the rocket.
1998 - PLA K-328 "Leopard" of the Northern Fleet made a long voyage, as a result of which the commander of the submarine, captain of the first rank S.V. Spravtsev, was awarded the title of Hero Russian Federation.
1999 September - on the submarine K-317 "Panther" of the Northern Fleet was delivered to Severodvinsk in tow of the rescue ship "Admiral Chiker" for scheduled maintenance and restoration repairs.
January 29, 2000 - two officers were washed overboard on the K-461 "Volk" submarine during a storm, trying to fix the malfunction. Failed to save.
2000 beginning of the year - as part of the 24 division of submarines of the Northern Fleet of Russia PLA K-317 "Panther", K-461 "Wolf", K-328 "Leopard", K-154 "Tiger", K-157 "Vepr", K-335 "Gepard". Submarine K-480 "Ak Bars" is located in Gadzhiyevo in the sludge division.
2000-2005 - hull structures of the Cougar and Lynx submarines (factory Nos. 836 and 837, as well as No. 838 of the Sevmash Production Association), at the suggestion of the Sevmash management, were used in the completion of the SSBN pr.955 "Yuri Dolgoruky" (according to an interview with Kovalev in the film "Submarine Squadron" Sevmash ", 2006).
The use of hull structures of submarines No. 836 and 837 of the Sevmash Production Association for the construction of the Yury Dolgoruky SSBN, project 955. In the lower picture - a block of a turbine and a reactor (Stills from the film "Submarine Squadron" Sevmash ". Studio" Sevmashfilm ", 2006)
2001 - The submarine "Gepard" was handed over to the Fleet through the use of the Sevmash production company's own funds in the amount of 542 million rubles. At the same time, in the state budgets of 2001-2002. funds were not provided for debt repayment. As of May 2002, the debt to the enterprise was not repaid despite the order of the Government of Russia dated December 26, 2001 ().
2002 - after long break Submarine K-295 "Samara" (manufacturer No. 517) under the command of Captain 1st Rank Chuvashev Viktor Nikolaevich enters combat service in the Pacific Ocean. Senior campaign - deputy commander of the division, captain 1st rank Zaika Alexander Konstantinovich. The submarine returned from the campaign, having lost part of the fairing of the sonar complex as a result of a collision with an unidentified submerged object.
October 1, 2002 - Submarine K-480 "Ak Bars" was expelled from the combat strength of the Navy and laid up in the Sayda Bay (Northern Fleet).
January 2004 - a contract was signed with India for the completion and modernization of the submarine project 971I (K-152 "Nerpa") for subsequent sale on a lease for 10 years. In the Indian Navy, the submarine should receive the name INS "Chakra".
2005-2009 - PLA pr.971 and modifications are based in Yagelnaya Bay (Northern Fleet) and Krasheninnikov Bay (Rybachy settlement, Pacific Fleet).
November 2, 2006 - in Severodvinsk at the Sevmash Production Association during repairs on the K-317 Panther submarine, due to the carelessness of the welders, the cable wiring caught fire and a fire broke out in the third compartment. The submarine was restored and, after the completion of the medium repair and modernization (avionics and the SAC were modernized), it entered service on January 28, 2008.
2007 - the readiness of the K-152 Nerpa submarine (serial number 518) is 86.5%, the nuclear reactor was loaded onto the submarine in 1998. The Samara and Kuzbass submarines are actually combat-ready - at the Pacific Fleet (the rest are either under repair, either in reserve or in sludge), in the Northern Fleet - "Gepard", "Vepr", "Leopard", "Tiger" (the rest - similarly to the Pacific Fleet).
Submarine K-152 "Nerpa" pr.971I Improved AKULA goes to trials in the water area of the Shipyard of Bolshoy Kamen (fitting base "Amur Shipyard") from the transport dock "Zeya", July 2008 (photo by A. Silkin http://media.photobucket.com)
SSGN K-222 project 661 - PAPA between the submarine K-480 "Ak Bars" project 971 and missile cruiser"Admiral Nakhimov" at the wall of the Sevmash Production Association in Severodvinsk, photo no later than 2008 (http://www.air-defense.net/forum).
- 2008 November 8 - on the submarine K-152 "Nerpa" during tests in the Sea of Japan, as a result of an abnormal operation of the fire extinguishing system in the bow compartment, 20 people died.
2008-2009 - in the Russian Navy 12 submarines pr.971, 6 each for the Northern Fleet and Pacific Fleet.
2009 May 11 - during the visit of the Prime Minister of Russia V.V. Putin to the Amur Shipyard, the unfinished building of factory No. 519 ("Irbis") was inspected. It is stated that there is a hull, there are “whatnots”, there is equipment, there is no order from the Navy for submarines.
The hull and screw of the submarine pr.
- 2009 July 10-27 - Nerpa submarine (K-152) project 971I re-entered sea trials (Bolshoy Kamen settlement, Pacific Fleet).
SSBN "Borisoglebsk" PR.667BDR and submarine K-480 "Ak Bars" pr.971 near the wall of the shipyard "Zvezdochka" in anticipation of cutting. Severodvinsk, summer 2009 (http://maillist.ru/archives).
- 2009 September - PLA "Nerpa" (K-152) project 971I successfully completed the third stage of sea trials.
December 28, 2009 - Nerpa K-152 submarine was accepted into the Russian Pacific Fleet. The ship's reception ceremony took place in Bolshoy Kamen on the territory of the Vostok Shipyard. The transfer of the submarine to India is scheduled for 2010.
Submarine K-480 "Ak Bars" project 971 at the shipyard "Zvezdochka" for disposal. Probably a snapshot from 2009 (photo montage of snapshots from the alex1976 archive, http://forums.airbase.ru).
- 2010 February 19 - at the shipyard "Zvezdochka" (Severodvinsk) on the dismantled submarine K-480 "Ak Bars" caught fire. The fire has been extinguished. Apparently, during the disposal of the K-480 Ak Bars submarine (serial number 821) at the Zvyozdochka shipyard, the boat was cut to the shells of the pressure hull, the light hull and giblets were disposed of, and the shells of the pressure hull were transferred to the Sevmash software for use during the construction of the 3rd building SSBN pr.955.
- 2010 August 20-26 - PLA pr.971 AKULA tried to take an acoustic portrait of Vanguard class SSBNs at the exit from the British Navy base Faslane. The Trafalgar-class submarine was sent to protect the SSBN.
Submarine K-335 "Gepard" project 971, Gadzhiyevo, December 2010 (photo - Rustem Adagamov, http://drugoi.livejournal.com/).
Submarine K-461 "Wolf" project 971, Gadzhiyevo, December 2010 (photo - Rustem Adagamov, http://drugoi.livejournal.com/).
- 2011 September - PLA K-154 "Tiger" brought to the dock SRZ No. 10 "Nerpa" for scheduled repairs.
November 2011 - the submarine K-328 "Leopard" pr.
February 28, 2011 - contract No. R / 1/2/0216 / GK-11-DGOZ was signed between the Ministry of Defense of Russia and the Zvyozdochka TsS for the repair of orders pr. 971 ( ist. - Annual report for 2011).
January 19, 2012 - information appeared in the media about the ignition of vapors of alcohol-containing liquids that took place on January 14, 2012 on the submarine K-335 "Gepard" pr.971M AKULA-III, which was undergoing technical inspection at shipyard No. . The fire allegedly occurred in the 4th compartment of the submarine, there were no casualties. On the same day - 01/19/2012 - this information corrected by the head of the press service of the Western Military District Andrey Bobrun - on January 14 on the Gepard during work during interior a broken standard portable lighting lamp ignited. According to the instructions, the fire extinguishing system LOH (boat volumetric chemical) was immediately turned on, the fire was extinguished without casualties and material damage. The ignition of the light bulb did not cause any damage, so the incident, according to Bobrun, is not classified as a fire or a fire. The crew of the "Gepard" continues to work according to plan.
The incident occurred on January 14 in the village of Gadzhiyevo, and not in the water area of the 10th shipyard, as previously reported by the media. After returning from a trip, during which the boat had problems with those located in the 4th (reactor) compartment in the baffle auxiliary equipment two reversible converters (a reversible converter is an electrical machine that converts one type of current to another), a decrease in insulation resistance was detected. The crew of the boat, in order to eliminate the remark, by written notification called the factory warranty team, whose specialists, together with the submariners, according to the existing guidelines, planned the work and began to carry it out. When conducting technical work on one of the converters, during its drying, one of the members of the factory team dropped a portable non-explosion and fireproof lamp, the lamp broke, as a result of the resulting spark, the vapors of the alcohol-acetone mixture, the working fluid, were instantly ignited, which was used to dry the electric machine. The cotton vapor did not lead to a fire in the compartment, but caused the automatic activation of the LOH volumetric fire extinguishing system. The fumes flash also caused minor injuries to a plant technician who contacted medical institution only at the insistence of the management of the SRZ, the left hand and left cheek were smoked. After rendering medical care outpatient worker was released ( http://flotprom.ru).
Submarine K-328 "Leopard" project 971 enters the Zvyozdochka CA, Severodvinsk, April 17, 2012 (photo - Oleg Kuleshov, http://kuleshovoleg.livejournal.com).
Submarine K-328 "Leopard" pr. 971 under repair in the docking chamber of the Zvyozdochka TsS, Severodvinsk, summer 2012 ().
Submarine K-328 "Leopard" pr.971 under repair in the docking chamber of the Zvyozdochka TsS, Severodvinsk, July 2012 (http://zvezdochka-ru.livejournal.com).
Submarine K-335 "Gepard" project 971 AKULA-III, presumably autumn 2012 (photo from tsonyo archive, http://forums.airbase.ru).
December 27, 2012 - the media reported that the Zvyozdochka CA in 2012 signed a contract with the Russian Ministry of Defense for the repair of two submarines pr. "in November 2011. In the future, repairs and modernization at the Zvyozdochka CA are planned to be carried out on all combatant boats of the project - incl. and from the Pacific. Also in December 2012, CA signed a contract for the repair of all titanium submarines of the "Barracuda" type - work with them is planned to be carried out in shop No. 10 after its re-equipment. Note - the implementation of the program for the repair of Pacific submarines pr.971 at the Zvyozdochka CA means that the Far Eastern shipbuilding and ship repair plants (Amur Shipyard, Zvezda Shipyard) will not be loaded with this work.
Submarine K-335 "Gepard" pr.971 AKULA-III in the floating dock PD-50 at SRZ-82, January 2013 (photo from avsky archive, http://forums.airbase.ru).
- 2013 March 27 - Minister of Defense of Russia S.K. Shoigu, while on a visit to Kamchatka, visited the nuclear submarine pr. 971 "Bratsk", which has been under repair since 2007. Since 2008, more than 250 million rubles have been allocated for the repair of the Bratsk submarine, but the repair has not been started. Even an inventory of the upcoming repairs has not been carried out. The boat contains a duty crew of 37 people. Previously, it was planned to complete repairs and bring the boat to mooring trials in December 2012. Now SRZ proposes to modernize the boat, the cost of which is estimated at several billion rubles. As a result, in the summer of 2013, the Bratsk submarine will be sent for repair to another shipyard ().
- 2013 October 08 - in July-August 2014, it is planned to transfer the submarine K-391 "Bratsk" and K-295 "Samara" pr.971 from the Pacific Fleet to Severodvinsk to the Zvyozdochka CA. The transfer of boats will be carried out by the Northern Sea Route. The boats will undergo a medium repair with a deep modernization (). Also in 2014, the Volk submarine will be repaired at the Zvezdochka CS. Transportation of Pacific boats will be carried out using a dock vessel. Corresponding negotiations with the company "Dockwise" were held. Dock delivery schedules have been agreed. By August next year, it is necessary to complete work on sealing the hull of the Bratsk - this ship has been in the floating dock for a very long time. The nuclear submarine "Samara" is afloat, it is necessary to carry out work on the transfer of the main power plant to a nuclear-safe state. In early August, in the Avacha Bay of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, both ships will be placed on the deck of a docking vessel, which will deliver them to the Zvyozdochka water area along the Northern Sea Route. This transition will take about three weeks ().
Submarine K-263 "Barnaul" project 971 in the Far East Air Force "Zvezda", 2012-2013 (http://eagle-rost.livejournal.com/).
K-461 "Volk" at the wall of the Zvezdochka shipyard, summer 2014 (http://zvezdochka-ru.livejournal.com/).
Submarines K-391 "Bratsk" and K-461 "Volk" near the wall of the shipyard "Zvezdochka", December 2014 (http://zvezdochka-ru.livejournal.com/).
Submarines K-391 "Bratsk" and K-461 "Volk" near the wall of the shipyard "Zvezdochka", April 2015 (http://zvezdochka-ru.livejournal.com/).
Boats of the project as part of the Fleets:
| Year | Pacific Fleet | K-284 "Shark" | K-263 "Barnaul" ("Dolphin") | K-322 "Sperm whale" | K-391 "Bratsk" ("Whale") | K-331 "Magadan" ("Narwhal") | K-419 "Kuzbass" ("Walrus") | K-295 "Samara" ("The Dragon") | K-152 "Seal" |
| Head | № | 501 | 502 | 513 | 514 | 515 | 516 | 517 | 518 |
| Board | № | 985 | 997 | 951 | 970 | ||||
| NATO | AKULA | AKULA | AKULA | AKULA | AKULA | Improved AKULA | Improved AKULA | Improved AKULA | |
| Project | 971 / 09710 | 971 / 09710 | 971 / 09710 | 971 / 09710 | 971 / 09710 | 971 | 971 | 971I / 09719 | |
| 1985 | 1 | Pacific Fleet, 72 br PL, B. Kamen | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1986 | 1 | Pacific Fleet, 72 br PL | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1987 | 1 | Pacific Fleet, 72 br PL | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1988 | 2 | Pacific Fleet, 72 br PL | Pacific Fleet 11.01 the Flag of the Navy was raised, 72 br PL, B. Kamen 31.12 - 45 div.PL Vilyuchinsk | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1989 | 3 | Pacific Fleet, 72 br PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45th Division Vilyuchinsk Submarine | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1990 | 4 | Pacific Fleet, 72 br PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45th Division Vilyuchinsk Submarine | - | - | - | - |
| 1991 | 5 | Pacific Fleet, 72 br PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45th Division Vilyuchinsk Submarine | - | - | - |
| 1992 | 5 | Pacific Fleet, 72 br PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | - | - | - |
| 1993 | 5 | Got in for repairs at the Far East Air Plant "Zvezda" | Pacific Fleet, 45 div PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45th Division Vilyuchinsk Submarine | - | - |
| 1994 | 5 | DVZ "Star" | Pacific Fleet, 45 div PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL 01.04 withdrawn from the permanent readiness forces | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | - | - |
| 1995 | 6 | fokino sucks | Pacific Fleet, 45 div PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45th Division Vilyuchinsk Submarine | - |
| 1996 | 6 | fokino sucks | Pacific Fleet, 45 div PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | - |
| 1997 | 6 | fokino sucks | Pacific Fleet, 45 div PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL 25.02 introduced into the permanent readiness forces | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | Pacific Fleet, 45 div. PL | - |
| 1998 | 4 | fokino sucks | Pacific Fleet from 01.05 - 10 div PL, sucks | Pacific Fleet from 01.05 - 10 divisions PL, Rybachy, Krasheninnikov Bay, Kamchatka in connection with the expiration of the terms of exploitation. batteries removed from the permanent readiness forces, awaiting repair | Pacific Fleet from 01.05 - 10 divisions PL, Rybachy, Krasheninnikov Bay, Kamchatka | Pacific Fleet from 01.05 - 10 divisions PL, Rybachy, Krasheninnikov Bay, Kamchatka | Pacific Fleet from 01.05 - 10 divisions PL, Rybachy, Krasheninnikov Bay, Kamchatka | - | |
| 1999 | 4 | fokino sucks | 10 divas PL suck | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL, sucks | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | - |
| 2000 | 4 | fokino sucks | 10 divas PL suck | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL, sucks | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | - |
| 2001 | 4 | fokino sucks | 10 divas PL suck | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL, sucks | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | - |
| 2002 | 4 | fokino sucks | 10 divas PL suck | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL, sucks | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | - |
| 2003 | 3 | fokino sucks | 10 divas PL suck | Pacific Fleet, from 01.06 - the 16th squadron of the submarine, transported for repair to the NPP | October - delivered to the shipyard in Vilyuchinsk | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | - |
| 2004 | 3 | DVZ "Zvezda" recycling | 10 divas PL suck | ASZ, waiting for repairs | Shipyard, Vilyuchinsk | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | - |
| 2005 | 3 | DVZ "Zvezda" recycling | 10 divas PL suck | ASZ, waiting for repairs | Shipyard, Vilyuchinsk | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | - |
| 2006 | 2 | DVZ "Zvezda" recycling | 10 divas PL suck | ASZ, waiting for repairs | Shipyard, Vilyuchinsk | Shipyard, Vilyuchinsk | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | - |
| 2007 | 1 | DVZ "Zvezda" recycling | 10 divas PL suck | ASZ, waiting for repairs | Shipyard, Vilyuchinsk | Shipyard, Vilyuchinsk | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL August - transferred to Bolshaya Kamen to ensure testing of the Nerpa submarine. September-December - emergency repairs at the DVZ "Zvezda" | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | - |
| 2008 | 2 | DVZ "Zvezda" recycling | 10 divas PL suck | ASZ, waiting for repairs | delivered to PD-71 to restore technical readiness and repair | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | DVZ "Zvezda", repair | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | - |
| 2009 | 2 | - | 10 divs PL, sucks, waiting for repairs (?) | ASZ, waiting for repairs | PD-71 | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | DVZ "Zvezda", repair August 17 - a contract was signed for the restoration of technical readiness with completion in 2011. The cost is 1.01 billion rubles | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | - |
| 2010 | 3 | - | 10 divas PL suck | ASZ, waiting for repairs | PD-71 | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | DVZ "Zvezda", repair | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet |
| 2011 | 3 | - | 10 divas PL suck | ASZ, waiting for repairs | PD-71 | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | DVZ "Zvezda", repair It was planned to complete the VTG under the contract in 2009. | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Pacific Fleet |
| 2012 | 1 | - | 10 divas PL suck | ASZ, waiting for repairs | PD-71 | 28.09 - DVZ "Zvezda" | DVZ "Zvezda", repair | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Indian Navy |
| 2013 | 1 | - | tender for disposal | ASZ, waiting for repairs | announced the repair of Zvezdochka CS starting from 2014. | DVZ "Zvezda", repair December - it was planned to complete the renovation | Pacific Fleet, 10 divisions PL | Indian Navy | |
| 2014 | 0 | - | disposal | ASZ, waiting for repairs | DVZ "Zvezda" - restoration of technical readiness | DVZ "Zvezda", repair | it is planned to repair with modernization at the Zvezdochka CS | Indian Navy | |
| 2015 | 0 / 2 | - | - | ASZ, waiting for repairs | TsS "Zvyozdochka" as of April, preparations are underway for transfer to repair November - Zvezdochka CA, outer pier | end of November - it is planned to complete the repair, the amount is 163 million rubles (2014, 2015) | end of November - renovation is planned to be completed (2014, 2015) | TsS "Zvyozdochka" as of April, preparations are underway for transfer to repair | Indian Navy |
| Year | SF | K-480 "AK Bars" ("Leopard") | K-317 "Panther" | K-461 "Wolf" | K-328 "Leopard" | K-154 "Tiger" | K-157 "Boar" | K-335 "Cheetah" |
| Head | № | 821 | 822 | 831 | 832 | 833 | 834 | 835 |
| Board | № | 878 | 867 | 872 | 853 | 890 | 835 | |
| NATO | AKULA | AKULA | Improved AKULA | Improved AKULA | Improved AKULA | AKULA II | AKULA III | |
| Project | 971 / 09710 | 971 / 09710 | 971 | 971 | 971 | 971U | 971M | |
| 1989 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 1990 | 1 | SF, 24 div PL | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1991 | 2 | SF, 24 div PL | Northern Fleet, 24 divisions PL, Gadzhiyevo, Yagelnaya Bay | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1992 | 3 | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | Northern Fleet, 24 divisions PL, Gadzhiyevo, Yagelnaya Bay | - | - | - | - |
| 1993 | 4 | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | Northern Fleet, 24 divisions PL, Gadzhiyevo, Yagelnaya Bay | - | - | - |
| 1994 | 4 | Due to those conditions, exits to the sea have been stopped | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | Northern Fleet, 24 divisions PL, Gadzhiyevo, Yagelnaya Bay | - | - |
| 1995 | 4 | Gadzhiyevo, suck | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | - | - |
| 1996 | 5 | Gadzhiyevo, suck | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | Northern Fleet, 24 divisions PL, Gadzhiyevo, Yagelnaya Bay | - |
| 1997 | 3 | Gadzhiyevo, suck | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | Severodvinsk, repair | April - power plant accident at the test site | SF, 24 div PL | - |
| 1998 | 4 | Gadzhiyevo, suck | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | October - towed to Severodvinsk | SF, 24 div PL | - |
| 1999 | 3 | Gadzhiyevo, suck | withdrawn from the permanent readiness forces | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | Software Sevmash, repair | SF, 24 div PL | - |
| 2000 | 3 | Gadzhiyevo, suck | 09/06 - taken in tow to Severodvinsk at Sevmash | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | Software Sevmash, repair | SF, 24 div PL | - |
| 2001 | 3 | Gadzhiyevo, suck | Software Sevmash, sucks | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | Software Sevmash, repair | SF, 24 div PL | - |
| 2002 | 4 | Gadzhiyevo, suck | Software Sevmash, sucks | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | Software Sevmash, repair | SF, 24 div PL | Northern Fleet, 24 divisions PL, Gadzhiyevo, Yagelnaya Bay |
| 2003 | 4 | Gadzhiyevo, suck | Software Sevmash, sucks | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL March - SRZ-10, Polyarny, factory overhaul | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL |
| 2004 | 5 | Gadzhiyevo, suck | Software Sevmash, sucks | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | January - released from SRZ-10 SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL |
| 2005 | 5 | Gadzhiyevo, suck | May - docked at Sevmash | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL |
| 2006 | 4 | Gadzhiyevo, suck | Software Sevmash, repair with modernization of avionics | SF, 24 div PL | Severodvinsk, repair | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL |
| 2007 | 5 | Severodvinsk sucks | Software Sevmash, repair with modernization of avionics | SF, 24 div PL | Severodvinsk, repair SF, 24 div PL firing with a practical rocket 3M10 | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL summer - warranty repair at "Sevmash" | SF, 24 div PL |
| 2008 | 6 | CS "Asterisk" | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL |
| 2009 | 6 | CA "Zvezdochka", disposal | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL |
| 2010 | 6 | CA "Zvezdochka", disposal | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL |
| 2011 | 6 | - | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL July - arrived on | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL |
| 2012 | 4 | - | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL | April - got into the dock of the Zvyozdochka CA, medium repair and modernization | SF, 24 div PL | According to unconfirmed data, in reserve due to the exhaustion of the resource of the reactor core | SF, 24 div PL |
| 2013 | 4 | - | SF, 24 div PL | SF, 24 div PL, it is planned to repair with modernization at the Zvezdochka CS | TsS "Zvyozdochka", medium repair and modernization | SF, 24 div PL | refurbishment (?) | SF, 24 div PL |
| 2014 | 4 ? | - | SF, 24 div PL | August - came to Severodvinsk for repair and modernization at Zvyozdochka Center | TsS "Zvyozdochka", medium repair and modernization | SF, 24 div PL | refurbishment at the shipyard "Nerpa" | |
| 2015 | SF, 24 div PL | August - the beginning of repair and modernization at the Zvyozdochka Center, got up to the outer pier | completion of repair? | SF, 24 div PL | November 27 - The submarine left the Nerpa shipyard, where it was undergoing repairs with the restoration of technical readiness SF, 24 div PL |
The number of submarines pr.971 in the Navy of the USSR and Russia by years:
| Total | Pacific Fleet | SF | |
| 1985 | 1 | 1 | - |
| 1986 | 1 | 1 | - |
| 1987 | 1 | 1 | - |
| 1988 | 2 | 2 | - |
| 1989 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| 1990 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| 1991 | 7 | 5 | 2 |
| 1992 | 8 | 5 | 3 |
| 1993 | 9 | 5 | 4 |
| 1994 | 9 | 5 | 4 |
| 1995 | 10 | 6 | 4 |
| 1996 | 11 | 6 | 5 |
| 1997 | 9 | 6 | 3 |
| 1998 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
| 1999 | 7 | 4 | 3 |
| 2000 | 7 | 4 | 3 |
| 2001 | 7 | 4 | 3 |
| 2002 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
| 2003 | 7 | 3 | 4 |
| 2004 | 8 | 3 | 5 |
| 2005 | 8 | 3 | 5 |
| 2006 | 6 | 2 | 4 |
| 2007 | 6 | 1 | 5 |
| 2008 | 8 | 2 | 6 |
| 2009 | 8 | 2 | 6 |
| 2010 | 9 | 3 | 6 |
| 2011 | 9 | 3 | 6 |
| 2012 | 5 | 1 | 4 |
| 2013 | 5 | 1 | 4 |
| 2014 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 | 5 ? | 2 ? | 2 |
| 2016 | 6 ? | 4 ? |
- February 3, 2010 - according to media reports, the transfer of the K-152 Nerpa submarine to India should take place before the end of June 2010.
August 24, 2010 - a representative of the headquarters of the Pacific Fleet announced that the transfer of the Nerpa submarine to India will take place at the end of 2010.
October 01, 2010 - the transfer of the Nerpa submarine to India was postponed to the 1st quarter of 2011. At present, the Indian crew is being trained on the submarine. According to media reports, the submarine is leased to India for 10 years for 650 million USD ( unless it's a media error).
October 7, 2010 - Director General of Rosoboronexport Anatoly Isaikin said that the transfer of the Nerpa submarine to India will take place according to plan - i.e. until the end of 2010
October 4-5, 2011 - in Moscow, during the work of the intergovernmental commission, the terms for acceptance tests and acceptance of the Indian Navy submarines were agreed. The launch of acceptance tests for which it is planned to test weapons systems is scheduled for October 30, 2011. Acceptance of the boat by the Indian Navy is expected on November 22-23, 2011.
October 30, 2011 - The submarine "Nerpa" did not go to sea for testing - the release date is not called. but there is information about its transfer. Information was also made public that the reliability of the weapon systems of the boat during the tests is no more than 35%. The date for the transfer of the submarine to India will also apparently be postponed.
December 30, 2011 - at the Main Headquarters of the Russian Navy, an Act was signed on the transfer of the K-152 "Nerpa" submarine pr.971I to India for leasing. On the 20th of January 2012 the boat will leave for India.
January 19, 2012 - the date of the planned transfer of the K-152 Nerpa submarine to the Indian Navy. On January 16, 2012, the deadline was announced to be postponed to January 23, 2011.
January 23, 2012 - PLA K-152 "Nerpa" pr.971I was transferred to the Indian Navy on the territory of the Zvezda plant in Bolshoy Kamen. The name of the boat in the Indian Navy is Chakra.
February 10, 2012 - before the specified date, the Chakra submarine (K-152 Nerpa) will depart from Vladivostok to the place of permanent deployment - to the Vizakhapatnam base on east coast India.
- 2012 March 30-31 - the expected time of arrival of the Chakra submarine (K-152 Nerpa) at the Visakhapatnam base on the east coast of India (02/21/2012).
- 2013 March 12 - with reference to a representative of the military-industrial complex of Russia, the media report that India is ready to finance the completion of the second submarine pr. subsequent transfer to the Indian Navy. The strong hull of the boat is ready and is in storage at the Amur Shipyard.
December 17, 2014 - The Times of India newspaper reports that the Indian Navy has decided to acquire a second Project 971 submarine on lease from Russia.
Registry PLA pr.971 and modifications (data are constantly updated, sorted by date of launching, version as of February 13, 2014):
| № pp | Name | Project | NATO | Factory. № | Factory | Bookmark date | Date of launch | Date entered. into service | Note | |||||
| 1 | K-284 "Shark" | 971 / 09710 | AKULA | 501 | K-n-A №199 | 11.11.1983 | 27.07.1984 | 30.12.1984 | Pacific Fleet, withdrawn from the Navy, according to the dates of laying and descent, there are many discrepancies | |||||
| 2 | K-263 "Barnaul" ("Dolphin") | 971 / 09710 | AKULA | 502 | K-n-A №199 | 09.05.1985 | 28.05.1986 | 30.12.1987 | Pacific Fleet 1998 - the boat was laid up. |
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| 3 | K-322 "Kashalot" | 971 / 09710 | AKULA | 513 | K-n-A №199 | 05.09.1986 | 18.07.1987 | 30.12.1988 | Pacific Fleet, under repair with modernization (2009-2012 - at the Amur Shipyard). | |||||
| 4 | K-391 "Bratsk" ("Whale") | 971 / 09710 | AKULA | 514 | K-n-A №199 | 23.02.1988 | 23.02.1988 | 29.12.1989 | There are differences in dates Pacific Fleet, in service (?), according to Western data - as of 2011, not in the Navy. Since 2007, the boat has been brought to the shipyard "SVRTS" (Kamchatka) for repairs. Repair as of March 2013 has not been carried out, but is planned after the transfer to the Zvyozdochka shipyard in 2014. |
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| 5 | K-480 "AK Bars" ("Leopard") | 971 / 09710 | AKULA | 821 | Sevmash, responsible deliverer - V.M. Chuvakin, delivery mechanic - V.P. Pastukhov | 22.02.1985 | 04/16/1988 (withdrawal from the shop) | 29.12.1988 | SF, 10/10/1990 the boat was named "Bars". According to the booklet of the Sevmash Production Association, during the service the boat performed two autonomous combat services and one search operation. 04/27/1996, after the conclusion of a patronage agreement with the Republic of Tatarstan, the boat was renamed "Ak Bars". 2000 - according to unconfirmed reports - Gadzhiyevo sludge division. Laid out in 2002, 2009-2010. disposal at the Zvyozdochka shipyard, structural elements used in the construction of the 3rd building SSBN project 955 | |||||
| 6 | K-317 "Panther" | 971 / 09710 | AKULA | 822 | Sevmash, responsible deliverer - V.N.Sorokin, delivery mechanic - V.P.Pastukhov | 06.11.1986 | 05/11/1990 (withdrawal from the shop) 05/21/1990 (launching) | 12/27/1990 (Act signed) 12/28/1990 (the flag of the USSR Navy was raised) | SF, in service. 10/10/1990 the boat was named "Panther". According to the booklet of the Sevmash Production Association, during the service the boat performed two autonomous combat services and one search operation. In 2000 - the 24th division of the submarine of the Northern Fleet, Yagelnaya Bay. In 2006-2007 was undergoing repairs with the modernization of avionics on the NSR. According to Western data - in 2011 as part of the Navy. | |||||
| 7 | K-331 "Magadan" ("Narwhal") | 971 / 09710 | AKULA | 515 | K-n-A №199 | 28.12.1989 | 23.06.1990 | 31.12.1990 | Pacific Fleet, in service (?). According to Western data - for 2011 as part of the Navy | |||||
| 8 | K-461 "Wolf" | 971 | Improved AKULA | 831 | 14.11.1987 | 06/11/1991 (withdrawal from the shop) | 12/29/1991 (Acceptance certificate signed) 01/27/1992 (Navy flag raised) | SF, 07/26/1991 the boat was named "Wolf". According to the booklet of the Sevmash Production Association, during the service the boat performed two autonomous combat services. In service (2010). In 2000 - the 24th division of the submarine of the Northern Fleet, Yagelnaya Bay. According to Western data - for 2011 as part of the Navy | ||||||
| 9 | K-419 "Kuzbass" ("Walrus") | 971 / 09710 | Improved AKULA | 516 | K-n-A №199 | 28.07.1991 | 18.05.1992 | 31.12.1992 | Pacific Fleet. Under repair at the Zvezda shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen (as of 2010, for several years). - 01/14/2010 - an agreement to extend the life of systems and equipment ( ist. - NIPT "Onega" for 2010). - 2013 - completion of repairs is expected (media, April 2013). |
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| 10 | K-328 "Leopard" | 971 | Improved AKULA | 832 | Sevmash, responsible deliverer - V.I. Kuznetsov, delivery mechanic - V.P. Pastukhov | 26.10.1988 | 06/28/1992 (withdrawal from the shop) | 12/30/1992 (Act signed) 01/15/1993 (Navy flag raised) | SF, 01/24/1991 the boat was named "Leopard". According to the booklet of the Sevmash Production Association, during the service the boat performed four autonomous combat services. - 2000 - 24th division of the submarine of the Northern Fleet, Yagelnaya Bay. - 2006 - stands in a standstill. - 2011 - according to Western data as part of the Navy. - June 2011 - arrived at the Zvyozdochka CA for repairs. - 12/27/2012 - a contract was signed for repairs with modernization according to project 971M - the lead ship of the project (the first of 6). |
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| 11 | K-154 "Tiger" | 971 | Improved AKULA | 833 | Sevmash, responsible deliverer - L.V. Berezovsky, delivery mechanic - S.M. Khviyuzov | 10.09.1989 | 06/26/1993 (withdrawal from the shop) | 12/29/1993 (Act signed) 01/05/1994 (Navy flag raised) | SF, 07/24/1991, the boat was named "Tiger". According to the booklet of the PA "Sevmash", during the service the boat performed two autonomous combat services, according to the results of one of them, the commander, captain 1st rank Burilichev A.V. awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation. In 2000 - the 24th division of the submarine of the Northern Fleet, Yagelnaya Bay. In service (2010), according to Western data - as of 2011 as part of the Navy. | |||||
| 12 | K-157 "Boar" | 971U | AKULA II | 834 | Sevmash, responsible deliverer - V.N. Sorokin, delivery mechanic - S.A. Belopolsky | 13.07.1990 | 12/10/1994 (withdrawal from the shop) | 11/25/1995 (Act signed) 11/30/1995 (Navy flag raised) | SF, 04/06/1993 the boat was named "Vepr". According to the booklet of the Sevmash Production Association, during the service the boat performed one autonomous combat service and one search operation. In service (2010), in 2000 - the 24th division of the submarine of the Northern Fleet, Yagelnaya Bay. In the summer of 2007, the submarine underwent warranty repairs at the NSR. According to Western data - for 2011 as part of the Navy | |||||
| 13 | K-295 "Samara" ("The Dragon") | 971 | Improved AKULA | 517 | K-n-A №199 | 07.11.1993 | 15.08.1994 | 17.07.1995 | There are differences in dates Pacific Fleet in service (?), according to Western data - as of 2011 as part of the Navy. In 2014, it is planned to transfer to the Zvyozdochka shipyard for repairs. |
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| 14 | K-335 "Cheetah" | 971M | AKULA III | 835 | Sevmash | 23.09.1991 | 17.10.1999 | 03.12.2001 | tests completed on 12/20/2000, Northern Fleet, in service (2010), in 2000 - the 24th division of the Northern Fleet submarine, Yagelnaya Bay. According to Western data - for 2011 as part of the Navy | |||||
| 15 | K-152 "Nerpa" | 971I / 09719 | Improved AKULA | 518 | K-n-A №199 | the actual start of construction - 1987 () bookmark - 1991 (?) | 24.06.2006 | 28.12.2009 | There are discrepancies in dates. 2001 - with the allocated funding, readiness for the year could change by 0.6% (). 2002 - technical readiness for January 1 - 83.4%, state financing of construction for 2002 was not provided (). The Pacific Fleet is in service, it is planned to hand over to India at the end of 2010. |
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| 16 | K-337 "Cougar" | 971U | AKULA II | 836 | Sevmash | 18.08.1992 | removed from construction on 22.01.1998 | AKULA III | 838 | Sevmash | 1992-1993 plan | removed from construction in 1997 or earlier at the stage of stockpiling | - | Construction was terminated by Decree No. 937-73 of December 7, 2000 (). structures used in the construction of SSBN pr.955 |
| 19 | K- "Irbis" | 971I / 09719
| Improved AKULA | 519 | K-n-A №199 | 1994 (?) | - | - | Construction was frozen in 1996. Construction was terminated by Decree No. 937-73 of December 07, 2000. Readiness 56.5% (). Readiness for 2007 is 60%, located at the Amur Shipyard (2009-2010). The name of the boat "Irbis" is probably unofficial. |
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| 20 | TO- | 971M | AKULA III | 520 | K-n-A №199 | 1990 (?) | - | - | dismantled on the slipway at 25% readiness and sold for metal by the management of the plant |
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| 21 | TO- | 971M | AKULA III | 521 | K-n-A №199 | 1991 (?) | - | - | sold for metal (?) | |||||
| 10A | K-328 "Leopard" | 971M | AKULA IV | 832 | CS "Asterisk" | 2013 | - | plan - 2015 (13.02.2014) | - 12/27/2012 - a contract was signed for repairs with modernization according to Project 971M - the lead ship of the project (the first of 6) | http://shturman.vlms.ru U_96. Quo vadis, Russian fleet, part 2. Website
The decision to develop a mass series of third-generation multi-purpose submarines in our country was made in July 1976. The design of the submarine was carried out by the design bureau SKB-143 (later SPMBM "Malachite"). Until 1997, the work was supervised by the chief designer G.N. Chernyshev, after his death - Yu.I. Farafontov. The terms of reference were left the same as those of the "Gorky" project 945 "Barracuda", and the design of the ship, which received the design number 971 and the code "Pike-B", was carried out on its basis, so work on the preliminary design stage was not carried out. Unlike the Barracuda, the hull of the boat was supposed to be made not of titanium, but of steel. This proposal was made by shipbuilders from Komsomolsk-on-Amur. This requirement was due to both the shortage and high cost of titanium, and the difficulties in working with it, which could be overcome only by one Russian enterprise, Sevmash. At the same time, the replacement of titanium with steel made it possible to use the increased capacities of the Far Eastern plants. On September 13, 1977, the technical design was approved, however, in connection with the construction in the United States of a new type of submarine "Los Angeles" with new generation sonar systems, "Pike-B" was sent for revision.
The improved project was ready by 1980. The first part of the series was built at a plant in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, which was very unusual, because in construction submarine fleet, with the exception of the first generation project 659, which was built only on Far East- Pacific shipyards have always played a leading role.
In the early 1980s, the Soviet Union purchased a batch of high-precision metal-cutting machines from the Japanese company Toshiba, which made it possible to apply new technologies in the processing of propellers, which drastically reduced the noise of Soviet submarines. The deal was secret, but information about it got into the world press. As a result of the resulting scandal, the US even imposed economic sanctions against the Japanese company.
A feature of the new nuclear submarine "Shchuka-B" was a significant (approximately five times compared to the most advanced domestic torpedo boat of the 2nd generation) noise reduction. This result was supposed to be achieved through the implementation of earlier developments in the field of increasing stealth, both by the Malachite design team (where the project for an ultra-low-noise nuclear submarine was developed in the early 1970s), and by scientists from the Central Research Institute. Academician A.N. Krylov.
The efforts of the creators of the ship were crowned with success, in terms of stealth, the new nuclear-powered ship for the first time in the history of domestic submarine shipbuilding surpassed the best American analogue - the multi-purpose nuclear submarine of the 3rd generation "Los Angeles".
The Project 971 submarine received powerful strike weapons, significantly exceeding (in terms of the number and caliber of torpedo tubes, as well as missile and torpedo ammunition) the potentials of domestic and foreign submarines of a similar purpose. Like the prototype, the new boat was supposed to fight enemy submarines and ship groups, carry out minelaying, conduct reconnaissance and participate in special operations.
The technical design of "Pike-B" was approved on September 13, 1977. However, in the future, he underwent refinement, caused by the need to "pull up" the technological level of the sonar complex to the level of the Americans, who again broke ahead in this area. On their boats of the 3rd generation (Los Angeles type), the AN / BQQ-5 GAK was installed with digital information processing, which ensured a much more accurate selection of the useful signal against the background of interference. Another new “introductory” one, which necessitated changes to the project, was the requirement of the military to equip nuclear submarines of a new generation with Granat strategic cruise missiles.
During the revision, which ended in 1980, the boat received a new digital sonar complex with improved performance "Skat-3", as well as a weapons control system that allows the use of cruise missiles. In the design of the Project 971 nuclear submarine, such innovative solutions were implemented as integrated automation of combat and technical means, concentration of control of the ship, its weapons and weapons in a single center - the main command post (MCP), the use of a pop-up rescue camera for the entire crew (which successfully passed the test on titanium boats of the 705th project).
Submarine pr. 971 has a classic double-hull design. The robust body is made of high quality alloy steel. To simplify the installation of equipment, the boat was designed using zone blocks, which made it possible to transfer a significant amount of work from the cramped conditions of the submarine compartments directly to the workshop. After the installation is completed, the zone block is "rolled" into the boat's hull and connected to the main cables and pipelines of the ship's systems. A two-stage shock absorption system is used: all mechanisms are placed on shock-absorbed foundations, in addition, each zonal unit is isolated from the body by rubber-cord pneumatic shock absorbers, which form the second vibration isolation cascade. In addition to reducing the overall noise of nuclear submarines, such a scheme can reduce the impact of underwater explosions on equipment and crew. The boat has a developed vertical tail with a streamlined boule, in which there is a towed sonar antenna. A feature of the project is the smoothly mating connection of the tail unit with the body. This is done to reduce hydrodynamic turbulence that creates additional noise.
The displacement of the ship was: surface 8140 tons, underwater 10500 tons. The length is 110.3 m, the width is 13.6 m, the average draft is 9.68 m.
Due to the introduction of integrated automation, the crew of the boat was reduced to 73 people (including 31 officers), which is almost two times less than the number of crew of the American nuclear submarine of the Los Angeles type (141 people). In comparison with the nuclear submarine of the previous project 671RTM "Pike", the habitability conditions were also improved on the new ship. The entire crew is located in the 2nd living compartment in the cabins. In the remaining compartments, the personnel keep watch and perform their official duties.
The power plant of the ship includes one pressurized water reactor with a capacity of 190 MW with four steam generators and a steam single-shaft block steam turbine plant with a wide redundancy of mechanization. Shaft power - 50,000 liters. With.
The boat is equipped with a seven-bladed propeller with improved hydroacoustic characteristics and a reduced speed. The full underwater speed is 33 knots, i.e. the submarine, if desired, can rush under water at a speed of over 60 km / h!
Hydroacoustic complex MGK-540 "Skat-3" with a digital information processing system has a powerful system of noise direction finding and sonar. The target detection range through the new complex has increased three times compared to the GAS installed on the 2nd generation boats. The time for determining the parameters of the movement of the target has also been significantly reduced.
In addition to hydroacoustic systems, Project 971 nuclear submarines are equipped with a highly efficient wake detection system that has no analogues in the world to detect enemy submarines and surface ships. The equipment installed on the boat makes it possible to fix such a trace in the ocean environment many hours after the passage of an enemy submarine.
The missile and torpedo complex includes four torpedo tubes with a caliber of 533 mm and four with a caliber of 650 mm TA, the total ammunition load is more than 40 units of weapons, including 28 of a caliber of 533 mm. It is adapted to fire Granat cruise missiles, underwater missiles and rocket-torpedoes (Squall, Waterfall and Wind), as well as torpedoes and self-transporting mines. In addition, the boat can carry out the setting of conventional mines. The fire control of the Granat cruise missiles is carried out by a special hardware complex.
However, on the basis of the Soviet-American agreements in 1989, weapons systems with nuclear warheads were excluded from the armament of multi-purpose nuclear submarines - that is, the Shkval and Vodopad rocket-torpedoes, as well as the Granat-type missile launchers.
"Pike-B" became the first type of multi-purpose nuclear submarine, the serial construction of which was organized initially at the plant in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and not in Severodvinsk or Leningrad, which testified to the increased level of development of shipbuilding in the Far East. The lead nuclear-powered ship of the 971 project - K-284 - was laid down on the banks of the Amur in 1980 and entered service on December 30, 1984.
Already in the process of its testing, the achievement of a qualitatively higher level of acoustic secrecy was demonstrated. The noise level of K-284 by 12–15 dB (that is, 4–4.5 times) turned out to be lower than the noise level of the “quietest” domestic boat of the previous generation, project 671RTM, which gave reason to talk about our country becoming a world leader in this the most important indicator underwater shipbuilding. In the west, the new Soviet submarines were quickly classified as the next generation of submarines and given the code name "Akula".
High stealth and combat stability give the boats of Project 971 the opportunity to successfully overcome anti-submarine lines equipped with stationary systems for long-range sonar surveillance, as well as countering anti-submarine forces. They can operate in the zone of enemy domination and inflict sensitive missile and torpedo strikes on him. The armament of Project 971 ships allows them to fight submarines and surface ships, as well as to hit ground targets with strategic cruise missiles with high accuracy.
The appearance of ships with such a high combat potential changed the situation and forced the US Navy to reckon with the possibility of serious opposition from the Russian fleet, even in the face of the complete superiority of American offensive forces. Project 971 submarines can attack both the US Navy strike groups themselves and their rear, including coastal control centers, basing and supply points, no matter how far they are. Hidden, and therefore inaccessible to the enemy, the nuclear submarines of the 971 project turn a potential war on the ocean into a kind of offensive through a minefield, where any attempt to move forward threatens with an invisible, but real danger.
The appearance of new super-secret nuclear-powered ships in the Russian fleet after the end of the Cold War caused serious concern in the United States. In 1991, this issue was raised in Congress. Several proposals were submitted for discussion by American legislators aimed at correcting the current situation in favor of the United States. In accordance with them, it was supposed, in particular:
To demand from our country to make public its long-term programs in the field of submarine shipbuilding;
Establish agreed limits for the Russian Federation and the United States on the number of multi-purpose nuclear submarines;
To assist Russia in re-equipping shipyards building nuclear submarines for the production of non-military products.
As they say, comments are superfluous.
Later, project 971 was improved several times: the Leopard, Tiger and Walrus submarines were created with improved acoustic stealth. But the subsequent boats "Vepr" and "Dragon" were built according to a significantly improved project 971U. These submarines have slightly modified outer contours due to an additional insert that lengthened the hull by 4 meters, from 110.3 m to 114.3 m, and made it possible to place additional electronic equipment and equipment for active noise and vibration suppression from the power plant. The displacement increased from 8140/10500 tons to 9830/12390 tons. The boats also received a new modification of the reactor - OK-650B3. In some Western publications, they even assigned the code "Improved Akula". According to the project 971U, "Nerpa", "Cheetah", "Lynx" and "Cougar" were also to be built. But the K-335 "Gepard" was built according to the newly created modernized project 971M, which became the embodiment of the latest technical achievements. Western experts dubbed them "Akula II", quite rightly noting significant changes compared to the base version. The submarine K-152 "Nerpa" was completed according to a special project 971I for leasing to the Indian Navy. Modification 971I was created on the basis of 971U and differs mainly in the export, unclassified version of electronic equipment.
Initially, all Pike-Bs, traditionally for the Navy, carried only tactical numbers, but on October 10, 1990, the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy V.N. Chernavin issued a decree naming the K-317 "Panther" in honor of the submarine that opened a combat account for Russian submariners in 1919. In the future, all boats received proper names, echoing the names of pre-revolutionary Russian submarines. "Pike-B", released at Sevmash, received the names of boats of the "Bars" type, which were the most successful and numerous series of Russian submarines of the early 20th century. For these names, the 971 project was nicknamed the "cat series" in the Navy.
During the military action of the US troops in Serbia in 1996, the submarine K-461 "Volk" carried out military service in the Mediterranean Sea. It was discovered by NATO anti-submarine services during the passage of Gibraltar, but after some time contact with the boat was lost, and it was found only off the coast of Yugoslavia. "Wolf" carried out the protection of the TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" from the submarines of a potential enemy. During the combat service, several NATO submarines were tracked, including the American strike nuclear submarine of the Los Angeles type.
In the same year, another "Pike-B" with a crew under the command of Captain 1st Rank A.V. Burilicheva, while on combat duty in the far reaches of the Atlantic, discovered a US Navy SSBN and secretly watched her go on combat patrol. Of course, in the event of hostilities, the unsuspecting American missile carrier would be immediately destroyed. After that campaign, the crew commander was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.
Project 971 belongs to the third generation of submarines, the main features of which are reduced noise levels and improved detection tools. In comparison with other boats of the third generation, "Pike-B" surpasses all similar projects both in stealth and in armament. Some experts compare "Pike-B" not with a direct competitor - the American project "Improved Los Angeles", but with the much more advanced projects "Sivulf" and "Virginia". So, Admiral J. Burda, who was the chief of the operational headquarters of the US Navy in 1994-1996, noted that American ships were unable to detect the Pike-B, moving at a speed of 6-9 knots, that is, due to the low noise of the Project 971 boat, in fact correspond to the parameters of the boats of the fourth generation. The "Cat Series" is capable of overcoming the SOSUS submarine detection system, which at one time created many problems for Soviet submariners, unnoticed.
On February 29, 1996, an unprecedented event occurred. During the exercises of the NATO fleet, after successfully completing the task of detecting submarines of a mock enemy, a previously undiscovered Russian submarine unexpectedly got in touch with British ships. And soon, right in the middle of the order of NATO ships, a submarine surfaced, identified by British sailors as Project 971 Pike-B. According to her commander, one of the crew members of the boat needed urgent medical care due to an acute attack of appendicitis, for which a decision was made to get help from Western colleagues. The sick submariner was taken to the British destroyer Glasgow, and from there he was sent to the hospital by a Lynx helicopter. The British press widely covered this case, and The Times noted that it was a vivid demonstration of the invisibility of Russian submarines. But most importantly, the British sailors then made a mistake: in front of them was the "Pike" of the 671RTMK project (that is, the boat of generation 2+), and not the "Pike-B"!
All completed Project 971 boats, except for three, are in service and are part of the Northern and Pacific Fleets based on Yagelnaya Bay (SF) and in the village of Rybachy (Pacific Fleet). The construction of two of the four unfinished boats of the plant. Lenin Komsomol were canceled in the early stages of readiness, the third boat, K-152 Nerpa, was launched and in 2008 it was leased to the Indian Navy for a period of 10 years (). Interestingly, in the Indian Navy, the Nerpa was called the Chakra. Previously, this name was borne by the Soviet submarine K-43 of project 670 Skat, which was part of the Indian fleet on a lease basis in 1988-1992 and has become a good base for training Indian submariners over the years: many sailors who served on the first Chakra subsequently occupied important posts in the country's naval forces, including eight people who rose to the rank of admiral.
At present, all Project 971 multi-purpose nuclear submarines are part of the Northern and Pacific Fleets. They are quite actively used for military service.
Armament
torpedo
- 4 533 mm bow torpedo tubes; 2 533 mm stern torpedo tubes; 10 533 mm torpedoes.
Artillery
- 2 - 45/46 artillery installations "21-K"; 1000 45mm rounds.
Ships of the same type
"Shch-121" ("Catfish"), "Shch-122" ("Saury"), "Shch-123" ("Eel"), "Shch-124" ("Halibut"), "Shch-125" ( "Muksun"), "Shch-204" ("Minoga"), "Shch-205" ("Nerpa"), "Shch-206" ("Nelma"), "Shch-207" ("Killer Whale"), " Shch-306" ("Haddock"), "Shch-307" (Codfish), "Shch-309" ("Dolphin"), "Shch-310" ("Belukha"), "Shch-311" ("Kumzha ")
Submarines of series III "Pike" - the first type of medium-sized submarines built in the USSR. 1935-1936. - V-bis-2 series (14 units),
General information
Submarines of series III "Pike" - the first type of medium-sized submarines built in the USSR. The design of four submarines of this series was carried out in parallel with the design of submarines of project I "Decembrist".
"Pike" - a medium one and a half hull submarine, the strong hull of which was divided into 6 compartments. Main distinguishing features: increased maneuverability, greater survivability.
History of creation
The project was developed in the design bureau, which was led by B. M. Malinin. Tactical and technical characteristics submarines of this type changed slightly from series to series in the direction of increasing the power of diesel engines and slightly reducing the cruising range, as well as increasing the speed of the underwater course. Armament (four bow and two stern torpedo tubes, two 45-mm guns) remained unchanged.
predecessors
In 1933, submarines of the Shch (“Pike”) type began to enter service with the fleets, and by 1941 there were already 84 of them. -1934 - V series (12 units), 1934-1935 V-bis series (13 units), 1935-1936 - V-bis-2 series (14 units), 1936-1939 - X series (32 units) and 1941 - X-bis series (9 units + 2 units after the war).
Prerequisites for creation
Design
The new series of boats of the Shch type received the name V bis-2 series and had a number of significant differences. Once again, the theoretical drawing and the shape of the felling were reworked, which finally increased the surface speed by 0.5 knots. and improved seaworthiness. The aft bulkhead of the second compartment was made stepped - this made it possible to store the torpedoes assembled. The torpedo-loading device was redesigned, which, on the one hand, reduced the clutter of the compartments, and on the other hand, reduced the loading time to 12 hours, against 25-30 before. The bulkheads of the central post were reinforced (now they could withstand a pressure of 6 kg / cm.) The main ballast tanks No. 3 and No. 4 were adapted to receive additional fuel. The transmission of the electric motor of the economic course was changed from gear to belt, which made its operation silent. The electric motors of the bow and stern horizontal rudders were moved to the end compartments, leaving only manual control in the central post. The system for blowing the main ballast with diesel engines has become standard. Part of the submarines received Som net cutters. Thanks to the introduction of all these innovations, the V-bis-2 series boats have earned high praise from sailors. On boats of the V bis-2 series, the main ballast was blown by a diesel engine that worked as a compressor. On submarines of the "Sch" type of the V - bis 2 series, the bow contours were somewhat improved by lengthening the boules. To store spare torpedoes in the assembly, the aft bulkhead of the second compartment (on the 31st frame) was made unusual - not vertical, but stepped along the profile, its upper part (above the battery pit) was moved one spacing into the stern. The strength of the bulkheads of the central post, now located in the fourth compartment, was designed for 6 atm. 5 submarines of the V-bis 2 series - "Cod" (head, "Shch-307"), "Haddock" ("Shch-306"), "Dolphin" ("Shch-309"), "Belukha" ("Shch- 310") and "Kumzha" ("Sch-311") were laid down on the eve of the 16th anniversary of the October Revolution - November 6, 1933. The first two of them entered service with the Red Banner Baltic Fleet on August 17, 1935, the third - on November 20, 1935 The commander of one of the submarines of the V series - bis 2 described his submarine as follows: "equipped with the latest electrical navigation devices for that time, the Shch-309 submarine (Dolphin) could sail in any weather far from its bases, both at sea and and in the ocean. Possessing powerful torpedo armament, as well as systems, devices and devices that provide covert access to a torpedo attack, the submarine was able to act against large enemy warships, detect them in a timely manner - this allowed its surveillance equipment. command at a great distance from their bases. Finally, the expedient arrangement of instruments and mechanisms in the submarine ensured not only the successful use of weapons and the preservation of their survivability, but also the rest of personnel in their free time from duty. The strength and reliability of submarines were tested in the harsh battles of the war of 1941-1945. The commander of the same submarine Shch-309 wrote about it from the fierce pursuit of his submarine by enemy anti-submarine ships in 1942: having let a single drop of water inside, she continued to carry out combat service. And this is a considerable merit of the builders of the submarine "
Construction and testing
In total, 14 units were built in 1933-1936:
Design Description
Frame
The robust hull of submarines of the Shch type, 43.0 m long, was located between 14 and 75 sp., The distances between which were not the same: from 14 to 16-500 mm, from 16 to 64-750 mm, from 64 to 75-500 mm . Over the course of 22 to 63 sp. it was a pipe with circular sections. In the area from 14 to 22 and from 63 to 75 sp. the sections of the strong hull had an elliptical shape, with the bow having a vertical main axis, and the stern having a horizontal one. The largest diameter of the pressure hull at the midship frame is 4.38 m. The sheathing of the pressure hull was made of steel sheets 13.5 mm thick, superimposed in the longitudinal direction and connected along the grooves, and at the joints connected by planks. A three-row staggered rivet seam ran along the grooves, and a two-row one along the joints.
The robust case was designed for an external pressure of 9 atm, corresponding to a depth of about 90 m. However, during the war years, "pikes" sank to great depths. So, Shch-405 in August 1941 accidentally "dived" to a depth of 125 m, Shch-402 in October of the same year - to 115 m. From the bow and stern, the strong hull was limited by waterproof flat riveted bulkheads 16 mm thick. The tubes of the torpedo tubes were connected to the bulkheads of the trim tanks and formed part of the pressure hull design.
Six welded bulkheads divided the strong hull into seven compartments. Lining squares were riveted both to its skin and to bulkheads; fastening of beams to a covering - on welding. Bulkhead 22 pcs. - from 44-mm sheets in the middle part and 11-mm along the edges - supported by vertical posts and a chain box. The remaining bulkheads had a thickness of 11 mm (designed for a pressure of 2 atm), and those forming the central post - 14 mm (designed for 6 atm on both sides).
The unsinkability of boats on the surface, for cases of navigation without fuel, in onboard ballast tanks was provided by 7 watertight compartments. If any compartment of the pressure hull with the side tank adjacent to it was damaged from one side (with the exception of the sixth compartment), as well as if one of the end tanks was damaged, the boat could remain on the surface with positive stability and keep moving. Unsinkability during an accident in a submerged position was not provided. A strong felling was located between 40-44 sp. and was made of low-magnetic steel in the form of a cylinder with an inner diameter of 1700 mm. The cabin body was made up of two 12-mm sheets interconnected by squares with spacers between them made of canvas on minium. The cabin roof is spherical, with a sphere radius of 1770 mm from sheets 16 mm thick; it had a hole with a diameter of 650 mm for the coaming of the entrance hatch. The superstructure ran along the entire length of the boat; its maximum width is 1750 mm, the height in the area of the cylindrical part of the strong body is 750 mm. The thickness of the side sheets and the upper deck of the superstructure is 3 mm, the distance between the frames is 500 mm. For quick filling of the superstructure with water when its sides are immersed from 22 to 31 sp. in the bow and from 58 to 70 sp. in the stern they did not reach the strong hull by 5 mm, forming something like permanently open longitudinal scuppers. The ventilation of the superstructure when filling it with water was carried out through a large number of drilled holes in the deck.
Wave-cutting shields of bow torpedo tubes (upper 3040 mm long, lower 2790 mm) were made of 8 mm steel. Due to the design features of the bow, the breakwater shields on the "pikes" during the war years broke more often than on boats of other types. It happened that due to their jamming, it was necessary to leave the position ahead of schedule. On the Pacific and North Sea boats, the shields were removed, as a result, the surface speed fell by about 2 knots, and the underwater speed - by 0.5.
A box-section keel made of 10-mm sheets riveted to a strong hull with squares was located in the middle part of the hull (14-69 sp.) and served to enhance its longitudinal strength, as well as to put the boat on keel blocks during docking. To increase the stability of the submarine, a portable solid ballast (usually cast iron ingots) with a total weight of up to 37 tons was placed in the keel. The fencing deck, arranged at the level of the hatchway coaming, served as a navigation bridge for surface navigation - a magnetic compass and a vertical rudder control post were installed there.
In the stern of the cabin in the fence there was a surface latrine and a room for the boatswain's property. Free filling and drainage of the enclosure during immersion and ascent was provided by holes in its side walls and in the deck. In the area where the stern gun was located, the bulwark of the fence had parts that folded back with the help of a manual winch. In the lowered position, they served as a platform for gun crew. On separate boats, already during the war, they were removed and replaced with a round platform with handrails or with permanent tubular rails. Underwater and surface anchors were selected with an electric capstan. Hall's surface anchor weighed 600 kg, underwater mushroom -1000 kg.
Dive and ascent system
Tanks were located inside the strong hull: trim bow (between 14 and 15 sp.) and stern (73-75 sp.), torpedo-replacing (17-20 sp.), provisional (20-22 sp.), fuel No. 1- 4 (24-31, 31-37, 45-49, 49-55 sp. respectively), leveling (41-44 sp.), quick dip (43-45 sp.), fresh drinking water(39-42 and 69-73 sp.), replacement shells (37-39 sp.), oil main (55-60 sp.), consumable (51-53 sp.), waste (49-51 sp.). Most of the main ballast tanks were located in boules. Deck tanks (at 33-39 and 47-57 sp.) were eliminated in the process of overhaul.
For ascent, a system consisting of high (emergency blowing) and low pressure air ducts with red copper fittings was used (It should be noted that in those places where the red-copper pipes ran near the steel sheathing sheets, a galvanic couple was formed, which contributed to intense corrosion. For To combat this phenomenon, zinc protective plates began to be inserted between copper and steel, but this was not always possible.In general, the service life of red-copper tubes did not exceed 1.5 years.). The normal ascent of the submarine was carried out as follows. At a sea state of up to 4 points, the middle tank was first completely purged with HP air; at the same time, the cabin with a hatch came out of the water almost entirely, and the entire upper deck - about 0.5 m from the surface of the water; the hatchway was quite high up from the water level. At a sea state of more than 4 points, simultaneously with the blowing of the middle tank, the end ballast tanks No. 1 and 6 were partially blown with HP air. The rest of the main ballast was blown with LP compressed air supplied by a diesel engine, which in this case served as a compressor and was driven by the main electric motor. The submarine commander judged the complete blowing of the tanks by the release of air bubbles in the area where the kingston partitions of the corresponding ballast tanks were located. The rapid ascent of the submarine was carried out only in case of accidents and in other extreme situations. In this case, all tanks of the main ballast and the middle tank were blown with HP air.
The high pressure air on the boat was intended for the following purposes; emergency blowing of ballast tanks, firing torpedoes from torpedo tubes, supplying air to the compartments for rescue purposes, starting diesel engines and turning off the Bamag clutches, blowing through the grilles of the receiving kingstones of the ballast line, obtaining medium pressure air. The total supply of VVD was 4758 liters at a pressure of 200 atm; it was stored in 61 cylinders with a capacity of 78 liters each. To replenish the air flow on the boat, there were two high-pressure compressors of the K-7 type with a capacity of 6 liters per minute at a pressure of 255 atm. But in operation they turned out to be very unreliable and often failed. The medium pressure air duct served mainly auxiliary devices. It was assembled from red copper pipes with bronze fittings and originated in the fourth compartment from the VVD highway.
The operational characteristics of the surfacing system can be judged from the test results of the Shch-204 U-bis-2 series submarine. Engine mode: rpm - 200, heel when blowing - up to 6 ° on both sides, blowing time - 11 minutes (onboard ballast tanks No. 3 and 4 with fuel were not subject to blowing). At 300 rpm (both engines): roll - up to 2 °, blowing time -4 min. At 320 rpm (both engines): no roll was observed, time was 3 minutes. Increasing to 415 rpm (both engines): no roll was observed, blowing - about 2 minutes. From this it follows that when blowing through the ballast at a low number of revolutions, the possibility of a large list was not excluded. In fresh weather, blowing through the ballast of a submarine, even at high engine speeds, was difficult without a move. In such cases, this procedure was carried out on the move: one electric motor worked on the propeller (the submarine moves against the wave), and the other rotated the diesel engine at high speeds and blew the ballast. The blowing mode is also possible, when the main propeller motors, with the Bamag clutches turned on, worked on the propeller and the submarine went against the wave. At a speed of about 200 rpm, the blowing occurred almost without a heel and took about 10 minutes.
Drainage facilities on boats of the Shch type of the U-bis-2 series with a total capacity of 280 t / h consisted of two three-piston pumps TP-15 of the Borets plant (total capacity - 15 t / h at a back pressure of 9 atm). Drainage means - one R-130 turbopump installed in the central post (capacity - 250 t / h, with parallel connection of impellers and a back pressure of 9 m of water column and 25 t / h, with a series connection of impellers at a back pressure of 9 atm). The time for filling the main ballast tanks was 32 s. The time of their blowing with ND air during the ascent from the positional position to the surface position is 4 minutes at 340 rpm of the diesel engine. According to wartime estimates, the submersion system of Shch-type submarines (except for the X-bis series) did not provide quick submersion due to the small volume of the quick submersion tank. The commanders had to take the ballast into the equalization tank.
Power plant and driving performance
Submarines of the Shch type were equipped with two compressorless eight-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines 38-V-8 built by the Kolomna Machine-Building Plant. The normal (it is also the maximum) power of each engine is 685 hp. at 600 rpm. Cylinder diameter - 280 mm, piston stroke - 380 mm, fuel consumption at full power per 1 hp / h - 175 ... 185 g. A characteristic feature of the engine was a low specific gravity - 16 kg / hp. Its disadvantages include excessive sensitivity to the quality of the lubrication of the head bearings (if this requirement was not met, the cylinder pistons were quickly scuffed) and severe corrosion of the working bushings. Depending on the task being solved, the boat could have a normal or enhanced fuel supply. The amount of fuel in the tanks of the pressure hull was considered normal - 29.6 cubic meters. m, which approximately corresponded to a weight of 26 tons. Reinforced - the amount of fuel taken into the side ballast tanks No. 3 and 4 plus the normal supply, that is, 70.9 cubic meters. m, or 62-64 tons. With a normal supply of fuel, the highest surface speed was 12.3 knots. Cruising range without charges 1280 miles. With an economic surface speed of 9 knots. cruising range without charges reached 2280 miles. Each full charge of the battery reduced the cruising range: in the first case by 55 miles, in the second - by 90. With an increased fuel supply, the maximum surface speed was reduced to 12 knots, economic - to 8. The cruising range (without charges) was equal to 2880 and 5250 miles respectively. The average underwater speed for one hour was 8 knots, cruising range - 8 miles. Economic underwater speed - 2.55 knots. provided a cruising range of 104 miles.
The main DC propulsion motors of the PGV brand of the Elektrosila plant are single-arm, reversible, with an hourly power of 400 hp. at 450 rpm. They worked on the propeller, served as generators for charging the battery and rotated the diesel engines while blowing the ballast. The storage battery consisted of 112 elements of the KSM-2 type, divided into two groups. The elements in each group were connected in series; the groups themselves, when the boat was parked in the base, were connected to each other in parallel, and to give full speed - in series. Ventilation of each battery is individual. During the war years, this system, as it did not justify itself, was remade into a general pit one. Charging time: from a fully discharged state - 12-14 hours, from a medium discharged state - 9 hours. The desire of boat commanders to swim with a fully charged battery led to numerous recharging, during which the battery constantly overheated, and its service life was reduced. Propeller - three-bladed, bronze. Its diameter is 1260 mm, pitch - 970 mm, weight - 225 kg. During operation, it turned out that the edges of the blades are too thin, easily bent, cracked and broken. To control the boat along the course and depth, a semi-balanced vertical rudder (pen area 4.2 sq.m) and two pairs of balanced horizontal rudders (bow 4.14 sq.m, stern 4.52 sq.m) served. The control of the first is from a Davis screw drive rotated by an electric motor, or manually from the seventh compartment. The largest angle of shifting is 35°. The largest laying angles of the second are 20° (bow) and 25° (stern). Transfer from electric motors - roller, manual control - from the central post. It should be noted that the electric drive of the horizontal rudders turned out to be very noisy, and the manual drive required a lot of effort to shift. Often this forced the personnel to refuse to use a manual drive, even in cases where the boat was pursued by the enemy. The circulation diameter at full surface speed is about 295 m. The depth stability at any speed, starting from 2 knots, is 0.3 m. The Shch type boats could swim in finely broken ice. The time for shifting the rudders at full speed with electric control from the middle position to any extreme position: for a vertical rudder - 15 s, for horizontal rudders - 10 ... 13 s. Reverse was carried out only by the main electric motors.
Auxiliary equipment
Submarines of the Shch type were equipped with two periscopes: commander's (PA) and anti-aircraft (PZ), which initially had a length of 7.5 m. Starting with the X series, 9-meter periscopes were used. They were also received during major repairs and boats of earlier releases. The height of the periscope heads from the waterline was 7.3 m and 9.45 m, respectively. Observation was carried out only from the central post; lifting and lowering were carried out by a very noisy electric winch or manually. The following navigation devices were installed on submarines: a Sperry gyrocompass (or brand GU M-1 model 2), three magnetic compasses 127 mm (main, track and wheelhouse), an electric log GO M-3 model 2, an EMS-2 echo sounder and a hand lot . Illumination of the surface at night was provided by a searchlight MSPL-l4.0.
Crew and Habitability
Initially, the crew of the Shch-type submarine included 7 "middle" commanders (commander, commissar, assistant commander, commanders of BCH-1/4, BCH-2/3 and BCH-5, military assistant), 6 junior commanders and 25 sailors. In wartime, the crew increased to 40 people (7 middle and 15 junior commanders, 18 sailors). Autonomy with a normal supply of fuel, oil, fresh and distilled water was 20 days, in some cases it increased to 45-55. Fresh water supply - from 2.5 to 6.7 tons. Air purification was carried out by 10 electric fans or 9 regeneration machines with special RV-2 cartridges (total supply - from 900 to 1920 pieces) filled with caustic soda. For the same purposes, a special system of 12 steel cylinders with a capacity of 38-40 liters with oxygen compressed to 150 atm served. The time of the longest continuous stay under water with full use of the entire regeneration system is 72 hours, without use - 12 hours. For the personnel, a single cabin for the boat commander, a wardroom, easily removable beds (30 pieces) were arranged. On board there were permanent and portable electric heating pads, a steam heating pipeline fed from the shore base to maintain the temperature in the compartments with closed hatches not lower than +14 ° C at an outside temperature of up to -20 ° C, an electric galley for cooking, electric utensils, two pneumatic underwater latrines and one above water in the felling fence, shower pipeline in the felling fence. The boat was equipped with rescue and lifting equipment: lifting eyes for lifting the boat by means of the base, reinforced scuppers in the superstructure (for lifting the boat with soft EPRON pontoons), external and internal equipment for blowing compartments and tanks using diving hoses, two signal buoys, four keel belts. To exit the personnel from the sunken submarine, lock hatches, tubes and a rescue cabin served; there was also the possibility of exit through torpedo tubes.
Armament
Auxiliary/anti-aircraft artillery
The initial artillery armament "pike" - two 45-mm semi-automatic 21-K. The horizontal angle of fire of each gun is 280°, the descent is 10°, the elevation is -85°, the weight of the high-explosive projectile is 1.41 kg, the initial speed is 760 m/s. Firing range: horizontal - 50 kbt, in height - 4500 m. Rate of fire - about 25-30 rds / min. Ammunition - 500 rounds per barrel. For the first shots, a sealed fender for 15 rounds was installed near the semiautomatic device. In the middle part of the bridge there were two swivel for removable machine guns M-1 "Maxim" (stock of cartridges for them and five Mosin rifles - 24,000 pieces). In addition, there were 27 revolvers on the boat. Artillery weapons "pikes" initially caused complaints from sailors. Converted from the famous 45-mm anti-tank gun, the semi-automatic 21-K as an anti-aircraft gun was distinguished by extremely low combat characteristics. And his capabilities in the fight against surface targets were very modest. So, for example, during the Soviet-Finnish war, Shch-323 spent 152 shells to sink the 379-ton Estonian ship Kassari in almost polygon conditions, Shch-311 spent 127 shells to destroy the 484-ton Fenris. The fact is that The 45-mm high-explosive projectile had only 360 g explosive and could not cause fatal damage to the ship. It is curious that, after returning from a military campaign in early June 1942, the commander of Shch-214 V.Ya. Vlasov (sank three Bulgarian schooners) proposed replacing 45-mm guns ... with conventional knapsack flamethrowers! The firing of armor-piercing incendiary shells had slightly better results, but in general the 45-mm gun showed completely unsatisfactory combat qualities. Therefore, it is no coincidence that even before the start of the Great Patriotic War some "pikes" of the X series of the Black Sea Fleet began to receive a 12.7-mm DShK machine gun instead of a stern 45-mm gun. The search for a new artillery system for "pikes" has been conducted since the late 1930s. In November 1939, headed by V.G. Grabin, OKB No. 92, on its own initiative, began to develop a boat 76-mm non-universal cannon F-35. Its swinging part was borrowed from the F-22 divisional cannon with a barrel length of 50 (actually 51.3) calibers. The maximum elevation angle of the barrel is 36 °, the weight of the projectile is 6.2 kg, starting speed- about 700 m / s, rate of fire - 12 rds / min; the total mass of the gun mount is 0.79 tons, the calculation is 4 people. The only copy of the F-35 was installed on the Black Sea Shch-204, was successfully tested in early 1941 and died with it. According to the version set forth in the memoirs of V.G. Grabin, the decision to abandon the new gun was made by Marshal G.I. Kulik, who tried not to load the artillery factories with the execution of "extra" naval orders.
Mine and torpedo armament
The main armament of the submarine is six steel torpedo tubes installed in planes parallel to the diametrical one. The total length of the apparatus is 7520 mm, the inner diameter of the pipe along the guides is 536 mm. The distance between the axes of the bow apparatus - 1350 mm, stern - 1240 mm. Shooting was carried out with compressed air. The time of acceptance of torpedoes is 4.5-5 hours, the preparation of a second salvo is from 3 hours 20 minutes to 4 hours. Since 1939, boats began to be equipped with a bubbleless torpedo firing system (BTS). The principle of its operation was to automatically bypass the high-pressure air pushing the torpedo into the pressure hull after the torpedo had passed 2/3 of the length of the torpedo tube. When the pressure in the pipe dropped to the value of the outboard, the water completely filled the pipe, and through it the torpedo replacement tank. In combat conditions, this overly complex system often failed. If the appearance of an air bubble on the surface, as a rule, could be avoided, then the filling of the torpedo replacement tank and the restoration of normal buoyancy usually occurred after the bow or cabin of the boat was shown on the surface. On German submarines, torpedoes were pushed out by a special piston, which was driven by compressed air, etched from a pipe into the boat. With such a system, there was no threat of air escaping to the surface. "Pikes" were armed with 10 torpedoes: 6 in vehicles and 4 spare ones on racks in the second compartment. Initially, these were 533-mm torpedoes of type 53-27 (the first digit is the caliber in cm, the second is the year of adoption), developed at the Ostekhbyuro. Depending on the type, they had a weight of 1675 or 1725 kg (explosive weight 200 or 250 kg), speed 43.5 knots. and a range of 3700 m. The main disadvantage of torpedoes 53-27 is poor tightness and failure to maintain the mode of movement in depth, therefore, with the outbreak of war in the Black Sea Fleet, they were completely banned from use, and in other fleets they were used very limitedly (when setting a depth of at least 3 m) . They were replaced back in 1938 by the 53-38 torpedo, which was a copy of the Fiume 53F torpedo purchased in Italy in 1930. The new torpedo, with almost the same length as 53-27 (7200 and 7150 mm, respectively), had a weight of 1615 kg (explosive weight 300 kg) and a speed of 44.5 knots. at a range of 4000 m (there was also a mode of 34.5 knots - 8000 m or 30.5 knots - 10,000 m, but it was practically not used on submarines). It was this torpedo on the "pikes" during the Great Patriotic War that was the main one. The torpedoes of types 53-38U, 53-39 and the electric torpedo ET80, which entered service already during the war, were not used on boats of the Shch type due to overall restrictions. Since the production of 53-27 torpedoes took place almost simultaneously with the construction of the first "pikes", the designers provided for the possibility of firing old torpedoes of the 45-10 / 15 type - for this, lattices installed inside the torpedo tubes served. Soon, torpedoes of this type were removed from service, but in 1936 they were replaced by others - type 45-36N, also designed on the basis of the Italian prototype: length 5700 (6000 mm) compartment), weight 935 (1028) kg, explosive weight 200 (285 kg) and speed 41 knots. at a range of 3000 m; there was also a 32-nodal mode - 6000 m. At the beginning of the war, torpedoes of the 45-36N type were used to a limited extent on "pikes", but then they began to be used more and more often. By the beginning of 1945, the normal ammunition load of the III-V series Baltic submarines consisted of eight 53-38 and four 45-36N torpedoes. Despite the increase in ammunition, the diversity of torpedoes made their use difficult, because due to the difference in speed characteristics, they could not be used in one salvo. In addition, due to a shortage of torpedoes since 1944, the "pikes" had to again take the unsuccessful 53-27.
Communications, detection, auxiliary equipment
The radio equipment for external communications consisted of a long-wave transmitter "Shkval-Shch" and a short-wave "Bay". Subsequently, they were replaced respectively by "Perch" (60-75 W, operating range 200-1200 m, transmission range with a boat antenna 80-100 miles) and "Pike" (500-650 W, range 30-120 m, transmission range up to 2000 miles). The long-wave "Dozor" and the short-wave KUB-4 were used for reception. During repairs, the latter was replaced by a "Metel" or 45-PK-1 with increased sensitivity. All devices worked both as a radiotelegraph and as a radiophone through a microphone. For intra-squadron communications and communications with landing parties, there was a Reid VHF transceiver station (power 4-6 W, transmission range up to 15 miles). On the part of the boats, radio direction finders "Burun" and "Passat" were installed. Since 1939, submarines began to be equipped with Mars-12 type sound direction finding stations with an elliptical base of 12 receivers (the receivers were located in the bow permeable tip). Depending on the hydrology of the sea, the station could take direction finding the noise of a large ship at distances of 12.5-30 kbt, with direction finding accuracy in the direction from 1° to 3°; she did not determine the distance to the target. It should be noted that even by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, only 159 submarines out of 213 were equipped with this primitive, relatively foreign level, equipment. work both in passive and active (“echo”) modes, determining the distance and bearing to targets remote at 12-18 kbt with an accuracy of 2.5 ° -3 °. The first of the "pikes" in the middle of 1942 received it Shch-403. It was mainly used to detect anchor mines, which posed the main threat to submarines in all theaters. For communication with submarines on the pike, there was a two-armed installation of the Vega or Sirius sound-submarine communication. Her upper sword was located on the deck between 9 and 10 sp., and the lower one - in a special enclosure between 45-46 sp. The Som net cutter installed on part of the boats was a system of cutters (four on the stem, two on the tank linearly elevated and one on each side), as well as a system of guy wires that protected the protruding parts of the boat from getting ropes of net barriers. Practice did not confirm the usefulness of this device, and it was gradually dismantled by covering the saw on the stem with metal sheets.
Modernizations and conversions
In 1947, TsKB-18 carried out the development of a project for the modernization of the remaining submarines of the V and X series. During the overhaul, it was supposed to install an RDP (snorkel) device, redo the wheelhouse, following the model of new series boats, lower the gun platforms to the level of the upper deck, install more modern periscopes and equipment, and increase the fuel supply. Due to the lack of funds, the lack of production capacity and the clearly low combat value of the boats in the new conditions, these plans were abandoned. "Pikes" remained to live out their lives in their original form.
Service History
"PIKE" OF THE SOVIET-FINNISH WAR
- Submarine Shch-309 "Dolphin"(commander - lieutenant commander S.S. Veseloe) left the base on the night of November 29, 1939. Her route ran through the Gulf of Finland to the area of the small island of Fore, located northeast of Gotland. The main tasks in such a relatively remote position from the coast of Finland were to be a long-range blockade and observation of the Swedish fleet. Only Finnish ships were allowed to attack, and the commander was required to strictly observe the laws of naval warfare and prize law. The very first days of patrolling showed a complete cessation of the movement of enemy ships on the high seas. In fact, only German ships sailed in the Shch-309 area of operations, and there was no order to inspect them. On the evening of December 5, when the neutrality of Sweden was no longer in doubt, the submarine was ordered to return to Tallinn. She arrived there the next day, and on December 12, without having had time to undergo the required repairs, she was transferred to Libau along with the entire division. Obviously, this was dictated by the fear of leaving the boats in the port, where they could be blocked by ice in the unprecedentedly harsh winter of 1939/40. Despite the difficult weather conditions, on January 14 Shch-309 went to sea to ensure the blockade southeast of the Aland Islands. By the time it arrived at the position, the boat looked like a small iceberg. The Red Navy men sent to break the ice were twice washed overboard by the wave and could hardly be pulled onto the deck. The patrol threatened to end in disaster at any moment. Realizing this, on January 17 the command recalled the boat to Tallinn. She never went to sea again.
- Shch-310"Belukha"(commander - senior lieutenant N.M. Ovechkin) left Kronstadt simultaneously with Shch-309 to perform the same tasks, however, the western approaches to the island of Saarema were to become its area of \u200b\u200boperations. Having not met the enemy, she returned to Tallinn on the morning of December 7, but on the same evening she again went to the position in the area of the Swedish lighthouse Landsort (southern approaches to Stockholm). The second campaign also turned out to be fruitless - there was no need for Finnish ships to go to this area quite remote from the coast, since the Swedes, who sympathized with the Finns, provided them with their own territorial waters for the movement of transports. On December 16, the position at Landsort was abolished, and in the evening of the next day Shch-310 entered the Libau raid, and this ended her campaign.
- December 6 Shch-311 "Kumzha"(commander - lieutenant commander F.G. Vershinin) left Kronstadt in new base- with the outbreak of hostilities, the 21st division was to be based in Tallinn. The passage was carried out in conditions of poor visibility, and after a couple of hours the boat ran aground in the Demanstein Banks area. The destroyer Karl Marx, called for help, removed the submarine and escorted it back to Kronstadt, where it was inspected underwater. Fortunately, there were no serious damages, and already on the 9th the submarine arrived in Tallinn. Here Shch-311 was waiting for the order to move to Libau, where she arrived on December 12th. Since the Shch-311 was the only one from the division that did not make combat campaigns, and the readiness of its mechanisms did not cause concern, the command sent the submarine to operate in the Gulf of Bothnia.
On the morning of December 24, the boat left the base (the campaign was provided by the divisional commander, Lieutenant Commander A.E. Orel, a famous submariner and future commander of the Baltic Fleet) and immediately fell into a nine-point storm. Despite this, the pike reached the Aland Sea the next day without incident, where it lingered, passing through the South Kvarken C-1 strait. On the same evening, her first meeting with the enemy took place - the gunboat "Karjala", which, having discovered the surfaced "Kumzha" in the light of the moon, gave its identification from a distance of 15 kbt. Realizing that it would not be possible to get close to a salvo distance in such conditions, Vershinin decided to leave on the surface. The Finns began the pursuit, but soon the opponents lost each other in the dark. The next day, the boat crossed the South Kvarken in a submerged position (at the same time, it hit the ground and briefly jumped to the surface) and on December 28 took up a position near the Finnish port of Vasa. Previously, Soviet submarines did not appear here, and therefore the enemy felt quite calm - all regular beacons were on fire. Shortly before midnight, Vershinin discovered a transport crossing the pike's course, heading to the shores of Finland without lights. The boat increased its speed and after 8 minutes from a distance of 10-12 kbt opened fire from a bow gun. After the very first shots, the ship, which by that time had already crossed the course of the boat, “showed the stern” and headed for the Norrscher lighthouse. Numerous hits, some white flashes and even the launching of boats were observed from the bridge of the submarine. It was all the more surprising that, having passed the lighthouse, the ship again turned sharply to the east and entered the zone of floating ice. The submarine passed behind its stern, continuing to fire from two guns (in total, during the battle, which lasted almost an hour, the boat fired 67 45-mm shells). Despite the visible roll, the transport kept afloat and moved on the same course. Vershinin continued the pursuit, maneuvering between the ice floes, but soon interrupted the pursuit. He never saw the death of the ship, but considered its fate a foregone conclusion. Who was attacked by Shch-311? It is generally accepted that the German transport "Siegfried" was fired upon. However, the German historian J. Rover clarifies that in fact the ship was called "Sigrid" and had a tonnage of 1224 gross tons. Such a ship really existed, but not in the German, but in the Finnish merchant fleet (this is confirmed by the observations of Vershinin, who saw the Finnish flag over the ship) and was classified as a motor tanker. The fact that "Sigrid" did not die is beyond doubt, but the information of Yu. Rover's claim that he received no damage at all is highly doubtful. No sooner had the Kumzhi guns cooled down after the battle than a new vehicle was discovered in the west. Shch-311 quickly laid down on a parallel course and at 4.48 on December 29 opened fire. Hits soon followed (in this battle, the boat fired 140 shells). After about 45 minutes, the ship slowed down and, turning towards the Norrscher lighthouse, threw itself onto the coastal rocks. An accurately fired torpedo broke the target in half. Only the bridge and the forecastle of the Finnish steamship Vilpas (775 brt) remained above the water, carrying wheat to Vasa from the Swedish port of Malmö. In the following days there were no meetings with the enemy. Steamships breaking through to Finnish ports easily bypassed the small Kumzhi position. But on January 5, in the conditions of heavy snowfall, Vershinin discovered another ship heading towards the Finnish coast. It was outside the blockade zone, and the commander decided to wait until the steamer entered the zone where weapons were allowed to be used without warning. Since the white stripes across the hull were clearly visible from the submarine and meant belonging to the Swedish merchant fleet, as well as the name on the stern and even the barrels standing on the deck, it can be assumed that the distance between the "pike" and the ship was small. According to Vershinin, the ship suddenly turned north and increased speed. In fact, if the ship changed course, it was very insignificant - the Swedish steamer Fenris (484 brt) made a voyage from one Swedish port to another, but due to poor visibility, it was too far away from the western coast of the bay. Seeing that the target was moving away, Vershinin at 14.40 ordered to shoot at the ship's course. After that, it seemed to stall the move, but as soon as the Kumzha began to approach, it again gained momentum. Then our submariners opened fire to kill. According to the survivor in full force crew of the Fenris, the ship was suddenly attacked and immediately stopped. While the team boarded the boat, an unknown submarine without a flag quickly turned the ship into a blazing fire. Meanwhile, Shch-311 fired a torpedo at the target. After walking a few meters in a straight line, it turned sharply to the side and passed in front of the Fenris's nose. Soon, a heavily damaged coaster sat on a shallow in the area of \u200b\u200bthe floating lighthouse Zuiderostbrotten, but at least an hour passed before the Kumzha ended the shelling (127 shells were fired). On January 7, the boat was recalled to the base, in the evening of the next day it crossed the South Kvarken and on the 10th arrived in Libau. The transition was carried out in the conditions of a storm, the strength of which is evidenced by the fact that the impact of a wave in the wheelhouse had broken thick glass. Shch-311 turned out to be the only KBF submarine that sank Finnish transport during the entire war and achieved two confirmed victories. February 7 F.G. Vershinin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and Kumzha was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
"PIKE" IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
- "Sch-121" ("Catfish") Laid down on December 20, 1933 in Leningrad at the plant number 194, factory number 214. In 1934 it was transported in sections along railway to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where on August 26, 1934 she was launched. On April 30, 1935, she became part of the Pacific Fleet. On August 9, 1945, she met the 4th submarine brigade in Nakhodka as part of the 11th division under the command of Lieutenant Commander Andrey Georgiyevich Yaylo. Did not participate in hostilities.
- "Sch-122" ("Saira") Laid down on December 22, 1933 in Leningrad at Plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipbuilding Plant), Plant No. 251. In 1934, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to Plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on August 29, 1934 . On April 30, 1935, she became part of the Pacific Fleet. On August 9, 1945, she met the 4th submarine brigade in Nakhodka under the command of Lieutenant Commander Kuznetsov Ivan Dmitrievich as part of the 12th division. With the outbreak of hostilities, she took a designated position in the Sea of Japan, but did not have meetings with the enemy.
- "Sch-123" ("Eel") It was laid down on December 20, 1933 in Leningrad at Plant No. 194, Factory No. 215. In 1934, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to Plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on August 26, 1934. April 30, 1935 became part of the Pacific Fleet. On August 9, 1945, she met, as part of the 12th division, the 4th submarine brigade in Nakhodka under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Mikhailov Boris Mizaylovich. With the outbreak of hostilities, she took her assigned position in the Sea of Japan. On August 19, being in a positional position, she was attacked by two enemy submarine torpedoes. The volley was detected by an air bubble at a distance of 4-5 cabs and "Shch-123", plunging into circulation, managed to evade torpedoes.
- "Sch-124" ("Halibut") Laid down on December 22, 1933 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipbuilding Plant), factory No. 252. In 1934, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to Plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where on December 29, 1934 it was launched on water. On November 23, 1935, she became part of the Pacific Fleet. On August 9, 1945, she met the 4th submarine brigade in Nakhodka, as part of the 12th division, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Reznikov Adolf Evseevich. Did not participate in hostilities.
- Shch-125 (Muksun) It was laid down on December 20, 1933 in Leningrad at Plant No. 194, Factory No. 217. In 1934, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to Plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on August 26, 1934. On May 23, 1936, she became part of the Pacific Fleet. On August 9, 1945, she met the 1st submarine brigade in Ulis Bay under the command of Lieutenant Commander Nazarenko Pantelei Konstantinovich as part of the 1st division. Did not participate in hostilities.
- "Sch-204" ("Lamprey") Laid down on June 15, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, serial number 216. In 1934, it was transported in sections by rail to Nikolaev to plant No. 200 (named after 61 Communards), where on December 31, 1934 it was launched under serial number 1040. On January 9, 1936, she became part of the Black Sea Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Captain-Lieutenant Gritsenko Ivan Mikhailovich as part of the 3rd division of the 1st submarine brigade in Sevastopol. On November 25, she took a position near Varna, did not get in touch and did not return to the base at the appointed time. There is an assumption that on December 6, 20 miles from Varna, it was discovered by Bulgarian patrol boats "Belomorets" and "Chernomorets". Having received heavy damage from depth charges dropped by Bulgarian boats, Shch-204 surfaced and was sunk by artillery fire. The service life was 5.5 months (June 22, 1941 - December 6, 1941). 3 military campaigns (43 days).
- "Sch-205" ("Nerpa") Laid down on January 5, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant number 200 (named after 61 Communards), factory number 1029. November 6, 1934 launched. December 24, 1936 became part of the Black Sea Fleet.
- On June 22, 1941, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Pavel Sevastyanovich Dronin, she met as part of the 3rd division of the 1st submarine brigade in Sevastopol. June 23 took up a position off the coast of Romania. The entire campaign was located on the easternmost edge of the designated area, i.e. as far as possible from the coast and from coastal communications and, naturally, had no meetings with the enemy. Upon arrival at the base, the commander of the ship was removed from his post, put on trial and shot. On July 17, captain-lieutenant (later captain of the 3rd rank) Sukhomlinov Pavel Denisovich was appointed commander of the ship. On December 4, in the next campaign, floating up from the ground near Varna, she was blown up by two mines and received heavy damage to the strong hull and a number of mechanisms. Despite this, she managed to return to the base, where she was put in for repairs. May 18, 1942 north of Cape Karaburun, she sank the Turkish transport "Duatepe" (128 brt) with artillery fire. In June, she made one flight to the besieged Sevastopol, delivering 29 tons of ammunition, 1.5 tons of food, 17 tons of gasoline and taking 50 people to the mainland. Since the autumn of 1942, she did not participate in hostilities. March 1, 1943 awarded the title "Guards"
- Combat service term - 38.8 months (June 22, 1941 - September 16, 1944). 6 military campaigns (94 days). 3 torpedo attacks as a result of which 1 ship was sunk (683 brt) and another 1 ship was damaged. artillery fire sunk 1 ship (128 brt).
- "Sch-206" ("Nelma") Laid down on January 5, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant No. 200 (named after 61 Communards), serial number 1030. On February 1, 1935, she was launched. On October 1, 1936, she became part of the Black Sea Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander Karakay Sidor Alekseevich as part of the 3rd division of the 1st submarine brigade in Sevastopol. On the first days of the war, she went on a military campaign and on June 23 she was supposed to take a position at Mangalia. She did not get in touch and did not return to the base at the appointed time. There are several versions of the possible cause of the death of the Shch-206. So, according to Romanian data, on July 9, the Romanian destroyer Naluka, 8 miles east of the port of Mangalia, attacked a submarine with depth charges, observed a large oil slick and air bubbles. On the same day, 5 cabs from that place, two Romanian torpedo boats The Vitelia and the Viscululus again attacked the submarine with depth charges. Finally, there is some possibility of the Shch-206 sinking by the Soviet destroyer Soobrazitelny on June 26, when he accompanied the Kharkiv leader after the shelling of Constance, in any case, the destroyer bombed some unknown submarine, and only the Shch -206". Combat service term - 4 days (June 22, 1941 - June 26, 1941). 1 military campaign.
- "Sch-207" ("Kasatka") Laid down on January 5, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant number 200 (named after 61 Communards), factory number 1031. March 25, 1935 launched. On December 18, 1936, she became part of the Black Sea Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of senior lieutenant (later lieutenant commander, captain of the 3rd rank) Nikolai Alekseevich Panov as part of the 3rd division of the 1st submarine brigade in Sevastopol, was under repair. Since the spring of 1943, she did not participate in hostilities. On April 12, 1944, captain-lieutenant Stetsenko Vasily Vasilyevich was appointed commander of the ship. The term of combat service was 38.8 months (June 22, 1941 - September 16, 1944). 11 military campaigns (194 days). 4 torpedo attacks.
- "Sch-306" ("Haddock") Laid down November 6, 1933 in Leningrad at the plant number 189 (Baltic Shipbuilding Plant), factory number 250. August 1, 1934 launched. On August 17, 1935, she became part of the Baltic Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of senior lieutenant (later lieutenant commander) Smolyar Nikolai Ivanovich as part of the Separate training division of submarines in Orienbaum. From June 27, she was in position near the Kalbodagrund lighthouse, Gulf of Finland, where she was repeatedly attacked by anti-submarine boats, which dropped more than 200 depth charges on her. Without attacking a single target, on July 6 she left the area and returned safely to the base. October 20, 1942 left Kronstadt on a military campaign. During his stay at sea, the commander did not make a single report and only on November 12 reported that he was starting to cross the Gulf of Finland to return to the base. Since she did not arrive at the meeting point with the escort forces, it can be assumed that Shch-306 died as a result of a mine explosion in the area of the Nargen mine position. According to post-war data, during the actions of Shch-306, the Elbing IX transport (467 brt) died in this area and two more ships were damaged. The term of combat service was 16.8 months (June 22, 1941 - November 16, 1942 .). 2 military campaigns (37 days).
- "Sch-307" (Cod") The lead boat in the V-bis-2 series. Laid down November 6, 1933 in Leningrad at the plant number 189 (Baltic Shipbuilding Plant), factory number 249. August 1, 1934 launched. On August 17, 1935, she became part of the Baltic Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander Nikolai Ivanovich Petrov as part of the Separate Training Submarine Division in Orienbaum. From July 24, she was in position in the Libava region, where on July 30 she tried to attack an enemy submarine and sank it. In August, she participated in the Tallinn crossing as part of a cover detachment. In December, captain-lieutenant (later captain of the 3rd rank) Momot Nikolai Onufrievich was appointed commander of the ship September 23, 1942. left Kronstadt on a military campaign and on September 27 took up a position in the area of \u200b\u200babout. Huvudsher. She repeatedly found ships there, but due to the fact that they were sailing in Swedish territorial waters, she refused to attack. Therefore, on September 30, Shch-307 was shifted to the Aland Islands. In this military campaign, as it turned out after the war, the Finnish submarine Iku-Turso was engaged in a targeted search for Shch-307, starting it on October 11. Already on October 12, the Finnish submarine discovered the Soviet one by the noise of diesel engines, however, by a happy coincidence , "Sch-307" plunged, not even suspecting that they had already launched an attack on it. Iku-Turso, having lost contact, again discovered the Soviet submarine only at 20.44 on October 26 and tried to attack it with artillery fire, but the flashes of its own shots blinded those on the bridge, Shch-307 was again lost. On October 27, the Soviet submarine was again detected by the noise of diesel engines. This time, the Iku-Turso attacked the Shch-307 with torpedoes, and then opened artillery fire. BUT. Momot discovered the enemy in time, dodged the torpedoes with an energetic maneuver and made an urgent dive. The commander of the Finnish submarine, watching this dive, considered the Soviet submarine sunk. February 24, 1944 captain-lieutenant (later captain of the 3rd rank) Kalinin Mikhail Stepanovich was appointed commander of the ship. On November 5, the vertical rudder control failed and on November 7, the boat arrived ahead of schedule in Turku. On January 17, 1945, during the refilling of the batteries, an intensive release of chlorine began (it turns out that not distilled, but contaminated water was given out at the base), Shch-307 was forced to return to the base. On March 6, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Term of combat service - 46.5 months (June 22, 1941 - May 9, 1945 ). 4 military campaigns (126 days). 11 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 3 ships (6541 GRT) and 1 ship were sunk, in addition, 3 more ships may have been sunk and 3 ships damaged.
- "Sch-309" ("Dolphin") Laid down November 6, 1933 in Gorky at the plant number 112 (Krasnoe Sormovo), factory number 550/3. April 10, 1934 launched. November 20, 1935 became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Participated in the Soviet-Finnish War. On June 22, 1941, she met Isaak Samoilovich Kabo under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later Captain 3rd Rank) as part of the 6th Division of the 2nd Submarine Brigade in Tallinn. Since June 25, she has been unsuccessfully operating on the approaches to the Stockholm skerries. Due to the indecision of the commander and the low training of the personnel, all opportunities for attacking the enemy were missed. On September 27, she took up a position west of about. Maly Tyuters in case of an attempt to break through to Kronstadt by a squadron of German ships. On November 9, she went to sea in the Memel-Vindava area, where she could not make a single attack, and on November 26 she arrived in Surkula Bay to meet with an escort. The waiting stretched out for ten days and, taking into account the ice situation, arrived in Kronstadt only on December 11. March 1, 1943 awarded the title of "Guards". On March 26, captain-lieutenant (later captain of the 3rd rank) Filov Nikolai Alexandrovich was appointed commander of the ship. In the summer of 1944 for a month she worked out the tasks of combat training on Lake Ladoga. On October 4, she went on a military campaign, but the commander was diagnosed with an eye disease ("night blindness"). Therefore, the boat lay on the ground during the day, and at night it surfaced only to charge the batteries. ON THE. Filov reported the loss of vision and on October 21 Shch-309 was returned to the base. On October 27, Captain 3rd Rank Vetchinkin Pavel Petrovich was appointed commander of the ship, and on October 31 the boat went to sea for the second time. On November 21, she unsuccessfully attacked two enemy destroyers and refused to attack a detachment of warships consisting of a cruiser and destroyers due to shallow depths and uncertainty about the training of personnel. On February 22, 1945, she arrived at the position near Libava, having on board the commander of the brigade, Rear Admiral S.B. Verkhovsky, who was ordered by the People's Commissar of the Navy to personally teach submarine commanders to act more effectively. On February 23, she sank the Goetingen transport, but in the future the campaign did not develop successfully and, having used up all the remaining torpedoes in three unsuccessful attacks, Shch-309 returned to the base long before the autonomy expired. On March 30, she again goes to sea, where she was repeatedly attacked by anti-submarine forces, so Shch-309 operated only at night, and rested on the ground during the day. Due to the failure of one diesel engine, she left the position on May 6 and arrived in Turku on May 10. The term of combat service is 46.5 months (June 22, 1941 - May 9, 1945). 8 military campaigns (230 days). 14 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 4 ships were sunk (12357 GRT) and possibly 2 ships were damaged.
- "Sch-310" ("Belukha") Laid down on November 6, 1933 with Gorky at the plant number 112 (red Sormovo), factory number 550/4. April 10, 1935 launched. August 21, 1936 became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Participated in the Soviet-Finnish War. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of lieutenant commander (later captain of the 3rd rank) Dmitry Klemetevich Yaroshevich as part of the 6th division of the 2nd submarine brigade in Tallinn. From June 24 to July 10, she was in position in the Baltic Sea, she had no meetings with the enemy. When returning to the base on July 11, on trips to Soela-Vyain, she discovered a submerging enemy submarine at night. Instead of attacking her, the senior on board the division commander, captain 2nd rank M.V. Fedotov ordered to dive and lie down on the ground. With his return to base, he was removed from his post and promoted to commander of the submarine. From September 21, she was at Fr. Gogland in order to prevent a sudden breakthrough to Kronstadt by a squadron of German ships. September 30, 1942 one of the fired torpedoes began to circulate, and the submarine had to evade it. On October 3, she discovered an enemy submarine practicing combat training tasks in supporting the destroyer. At the time of the attack, the horizontal rudders jammed and the submarine was thrown to the surface. The fired torpedo, and the Shch-310 itself, were seen, the enemy submarine evaded by diving. On October 9, when returning to the base, she was blown up by a mine. The explosion severely damaged the bow, a number of instruments and mechanisms, water began to flow into the first compartment - the submarine lay on the ground. Having eliminated the main damage, she independently reached the base, where she got up for a long repair. March 15, 1944 Captain-Lieutenant (later Captain 3rd Rank) Bogorad Semyon Naumovich was appointed commander of the ship. During the summer, she practiced combat training tasks on Lake Ladoga for a month. The hydroacoustic station "Dragon-129" was installed. March 6, 1945 awarded the title of "Guards". Combat service - 46.5 months (June 22, 1941 - May 9, 1945). 5 military campaigns (149 days). 22 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 6 ships were sunk (10334 GRT), possibly 4 more ships were sunk.
- "Sch-311" ("Kumzha") Laid down on November 6, 1933 in Gorky at the plant number 112 (Krasnoe Sormovo), factory number 550/5. April 10, 1935 launched. August 21, 1936 became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Participated in the Soviet-Finnish war and February 7, 1940. awarded the title of "Guards". On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander Sidorenko Petr Antonovich as part of the 6th division of the 2nd submarine brigade in Tallinn. On June 25, she took up a position in the area of Norkoping Bay, where she detected targets 13 times within 10 days, but only once tried to attack, and even then unsuccessfully - the commander forgot to give the order to prepare torpedo tubes and remembered this only at the moment of the command “Pli! ". On September 27, it was sent to a position west of about. Gogland in case of an attempt to break through to Kronstadt by a squadron of German ships. On November 9, she left Kronstadt for operations in the area of the Elandsrev lighthouse. On November 15, she first discovered running lights, and then a single vehicle. Approaching at a distance of 2 - 2.5 cab, unsuccessfully completed four torpedo attacks. After that, fire was opened from both 45-mm guns from a distance of 3 - 5 cabins, only then the transport turned off its navigation lights and turned towards the coast. Soon she came under fire from a coastal battery and laid down on a retreat course, having used up 20 45-mm shells and having achieved several hits. In the future, she had no contacts with the enemy. Upon arrival at the base, Captain 3rd Rank Pudyakov Anisim Antonovich was appointed commander of the ship. October 10, 1942 left Kronstadt for operations in the Baltic Sea. however, on October 15, in the Porkkala area, it was sunk by depth charges from the Finnish patrol boats VMV-13 and VMV-15. The service life was 15.7 months (June 22, 1941 - October 15, 1942). 4 military campaigns (60 days). 4 torpedo attacks.
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Their project was developed in the design bureau, which was led by B. M. Malinin. The performance characteristics of submarines of this type changed slightly from series to series in the direction of increasing the power of diesel engines and slightly reducing the cruising range, as well as increasing the speed of underwater travel. Armament (four bow and two stern torpedo tubes, two 45-mm guns) remained unchanged. Boats of the III series of the Shch type had six compartments: the first and sixth were torpedo compartments; the second - residential (here are the batteries under a collapsible flooring made of wooden shields, fuel tanks under the batteries); the third compartment is the central post; fourth - diesel; in the fifth there were two main electric motors and separately - two electric motors of the economic course.
According to the classification adopted before the war, it was a medium submarine (with a displacement of 578 tons), one and a half hull, with a strong hull divided into six compartments. Its main armament consisted of four bow and two stern torpedo tubes (total number of torpedoes - 10), speeds - surface - up to 12 knots and underwater - up to 8-9 knots, maximum immersion depth - 90 m. For submarines of the III series, an architectural hull shape with boules and a straight vertical stem. This hull shape was chosen to provide the required surface speed, good handling and maneuverability. The main ballast tanks were placed in boules (three on each side), as well as in the bow and stern ends. The "medium", "equalization" and "quick dive" tanks were inside a strong hull (during the overhaul of the boats, the "middle" tank of the main ballast was moved into the double-hull space). The kingstons of the main ballast tanks had local manual drives, and the ventilation valves, in addition to local manual drives, had remote pneumatic control. On the Shch-302 submarine, tests were carried out on an experimental device for blowing the tanks of the main ballast with a diesel engine driven by the main electric motor and operating in compressor mode. Tests have confirmed the reliability of blowing ballast water in this way. The time of blowing the main ballast tanks with diesel was 5 min 35 s at 415 rpm and 10 min 5 s at 200 rpm. This was the first experience of using diesel engines for blowing the main ballast on domestic submarines. He convinced the designers and seafarers that in the future it would be possible to abandon the use of turboblowers on submarines, which are a rather complex and insufficiently reliable unit in operation. On the first two submarines of the III series, diesel engines of the MAN company of the 8U28 / 38 type with a capacity of 2x500 liters were installed. With. at 450 rpm. On subsequent boats, 38V8 diesel engines of domestic production of the same power were installed. The rotational speed on them was further increased to 600 rpm, while the diesel power increased to 685 hp. s., and the surface speed of the boat reached 12 knots. The main electric motors had a capacity of 2X400 liters. With. at 390 rpm. Electric motors of economic progress with a capacity of 2X19 liters were installed on the submarine. With. at 900 rpm.
On Series III submarines, many technical solutions were adopted the same as on Series II submarines, for example, the design of pipes and front covers of torpedo tubes, a voltage-reducing unit to maintain a constant voltage, diesel injection mufflers, etc. State tests of III submarines The series also revealed a number of shortcomings: the full speed was obtained by 2.2 knots less than the specification, the design of the torpedo-loading device turned out to be unsuccessful, the noise of the mechanisms, especially the economic propulsion drives, periscope winches and bilge pumps, was high, habitability was worse than envisaged by the project.
The British boat L-55, raised and examined, had a great influence on the project (since October 1929 it was under restoration repair in Kronstadt). From her "Pike" got contours with a linear transformation and a common architectural type: one and a half hull, with boolean tanks of the main ballast. Due to the simplicity of the contours and some technological solutions, it was planned to achieve a significant reduction in the cost of the entire structure. Five compartments were separated from each other by flat strong bulkheads with oval doors designed for a pressure of two atmospheres. Torpedo armament consisted of four bow and two stern torpedo tubes. The battery (112 cells), covered with easily removable shields, occupied the second compartment, diesel engines and propeller motors were located together in the fourth. In the third compartment was the central post. Two Rato pumps were supposed to pump out the main ballast. It is curious to note that the use of pumps for pumping out the main ballast in all the fleets of the world was abandoned back in the First world war. In the case of the "pikes", this anachronism was resurrected precisely on the basis of the savings in funds allocated for construction. For the same reasons, the horizontal horizontal rudders did not have a fence.
During the construction process, a number of notable improvements were made to the ships. The fourth compartment was divided by a light bulkhead into two - diesels and electric motors, as a result of which there were six compartments on the boat. The middle tank was in a solid hull. The main ballast was received in five tanks. To improve seaworthiness, deck tanks and a bow buoyancy tank were installed (removed during the overhaul period). The superstructure and cabin turned out to be narrow. The stocks of the bow horizontal rudders were located in the bow trim tank, and the electric motor for the remote control of the rudders was in the central post. Horizontal rudders received fences. Most of the VVD cylinders (40 pcs.) were located in the second compartment, the remaining 16, together with the main electric motors, in the fifth. Diesel oil pump - gear type. The rear covers of the torpedo tubes were closed with hinged bolts on the flares, and not with cremal closures, as on boats of series I and II. There were five fuel tanks inside the pressure hull. The 37-mm machine gun envisaged by the project never entered service, and a 45-mm 21-K semi-automatic machine was installed in its place. The bulwark in the bow of the cabin, made to protect the gun in positional position, was soon removed, installing semicircular folding platforms for ease of calculation. During the overhaul, the site became permanent, with a fence with a tubular railing.
In the process of acceptance of the first "Pike" III series, which took place from October 1933 to August 1934, a construction overload was revealed, reaching from 5.7 to 25 tons (this was partly due to the addition of spare torpedoes). The shortfall in surface speed was 2.2 knots for boats with German W8V28 / 38 diesel engines from MAI ("Pike" and "Perch"), and 1.75 knots for domestic 38V8 diesel engines from the Kolomna plant ("Ruff" and "Komsomolets"). The reason lay both in improperly selected screws and in the shape of the hull, which led to the superposition of waves of extremities and boules. As a result, the speed of "Pike" III series was 11.8 knots. over and 8 knots. under water. At the same time, the cruising range turned out to be more than the calculated one: 3130 miles instead of 3000 and 112 miles instead of 110, respectively.
On a test when diving to full depth, the lead boat received a deformation of the fillet of the aft torpedo loading hatch. Then the life buoy of the first compartment was crushed. Based on the results of the tests, it was necessary to carry out local reinforcement of the hull.
Seaworthiness was found to be satisfactory. However, there were enough shortcomings: a structural defect was found in the drive of horizontal rudders - under the influence of deformation of the hull at a depth of 40-50 m, it jammed; the drying time of the main ballast by the Rato centrifugal pumps was almost 20 minutes, which was completely unacceptable; the constraint of the internal location, the unsuccessful design of the torpedo-loading device, and the high noise of the mechanisms were noted.
A number of miscalculations were tried to be eliminated immediately. Shch-303 received other screws and additional fittings in the bow of the boules to improve streamlining. The system for pumping out the main ballast, which, in addition to the long drying time, also created a dangerous list on ascent, was redone. First, in place of one of the pumps, a low-pressure turbocharger of the Brown-Boveri type was installed to blow through the tanks of the main ballast, and later on Okun they tested a more efficient blowing system using diesel engines driven by electric motors as compressors. The effect was positive: the blowing time was from 10 to 4.5 minutes. This system was used on the "Pike" in the future.
Acceptance tests confirmed the high merits of Series III submarines: the simplicity and strength of their designs, the reliability of the mechanisms, and good seaworthiness. Submarines of the III series in terms of their tactical and technical elements and characteristics were in no way inferior to foreign submarines of this class, for example, the French Orion-class submarines, which were built simultaneously with our submarines.
| Displacement - surface - 572 tons, underwater - 672 tons |
| Maximum length - 57 m |
| Maximum width - 6.2 m |
| Draft average - 3.76 m |
| Power point - 2 diesel engines with a total power of 1000 hp and 2 electric motors with a total power of 800 hp. 2 groups of rechargeable batteries, 112 batteries each, brand "KSM-2", 2 propellers. |
| Fuel supply - normal - 23.4 tons, full - 52 tons |
| Speed - the largest surface - 11.6 knots, underwater - 8.5 knots |
| cruising range - on the surface - 1350 miles at 11.6 knots, - 3130 at 8.5 knots; submerged - 9 miles at 8.5 knots, - 112 miles at 2.8 knots |
| Immersion depth - working - 75 meters, limit - 90 meters |
| Dive time - 75 seconds |
| Armament - 4 533 mm bow torpedo tubes; 2 533 mm stern torpedo tubes; 10 533 mm torpedoes; 1 - 45/46 artillery installation "21-K"; 500 45mm rounds |
| Time spent under water - 72 hours |
| Autonomy - normal - 20 days, maximum - 40 |
| Buoyancy reserve - 22 % |
| Crew - 7 officers, 15 petty officers, 18 privates |
"Sch-301" ("Pike")
Laid down on February 5, 1930 in Leningrad at plant number 189, factory number 199. December 1, 1930 launched. October 14, 1933 became part of the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea. Participated in the Soviet-Finnish war.
On June 22, 1941, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Grachev Ivan Vasilyevich, she met as part of the Separate Training Submarine Division in Orienbaum.
August 10-28, 1941 She went on her first military campaign in the Second World War. At 17.21 on August 10, she left for the Stockholm area (position No. 10) in the security of BTShch-203, 207, 209, 210, 218, 4 SKA, in the afternoon of 11.8 the escort was completed on the Ristna meridian. Patrolled in position from 22.30 August 12 to August 27. Around noon on August 17, the boat discovered the OTP, went on the attack, but when filling the annular gap of the bow TA, it took 4 tons of water into the trim tank and fell into the depths. On August 18, I discovered the sw. EM type "Gothenburg", going in the direction of about. Gotland. At about 22:00 on August 19, KOH found it on the surface, but was illuminated by a searchlight and, after diving, was attacked by a glb. After 25 minutes, surfacing to a positional position, they found in the north-west of the TR without a move and a receding EM. At about 23.50, a torpedo attack was made on the TR (TR 8000 tons, attack = overhead / V / 2, d = 3-4 cab., After a few seconds, 2 explosions were heard - torpedoes exploded near the German TR "Theda Fritzen"). There was no persecution. On August 23, the submarine tried to attack another TR, but the attack failed, as the torpedo worked in the TA before the salvo. At 14.53 on August 24, made a torpedo attack KOH (3 TR, 1 EM, 2 SKA) (TR 6-8000 t, attack = sub / pr / 1, d = 6 cab. torpedoes). There was no persecution. On August 25 and August 26, the submarine observed 2 Sw. BBO and several EM, who conducted exercises in the area of the Landsort mine. On the night of August 27, she was recalled to Tallinn in connection with the preparations for leaving the base. Around 19:00 on August 28, she independently arrived at the Tallinn roadstead.
On August 28, 1941, she arrived in Tallinn, found that our forces were not there, and independently headed for Kronstadt. On the same day at 21.15 at the point 59°52" N/25°16" E. (according to the logbook; according to the results of the study by I.A. Kireev - 25 ° 21 "E) was blown up by a mine of the F.18 barrier, exposed by the Fin. MZ "Ruotsin-salmi" and "Riilahti" (or barrier "D.22", exhibited by the German MTShch of the 5th flotilla), but remained afloat. The commander, having closed the hatch, descended from the bridge and personally inspected the aft part, where the explosion occurred: the propeller shafts were bent up, the sixth compartment was opened, from the aft a torpedo fell out of the apparatus, the superstructure was torn apart. Two sailors climbed out of the torn hole of the sixth compartment onto the deck. The commander went down inside the submarine and made sure that the struggle for damage was useless, water was already entering the fourth compartment, and the trim aft increased. After 15 minutes, the submarine sank By this time, the approaching SKA rescued 14 crew members (1 died on board) and transferred them to the Vironiya TR (died on a mine on the night of August 28; submarine commander Grachev and the commander of the bilge Brewers department survived from the crew). The total loss of the crew amounted to 36 people century.
The term of combat service is 2.2 months (June 22, 1941 - August 28, 1941). One combat campaign (18 days). Two torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship was possibly sunk and another ship was damaged.
The commander was: Capt. l-t Grachev I.V. (1941)
"Sch-302" ("Perch")
Laid down on February 5, 1930 in Leningrad at plant number 189, factory number 200. November 6, 1931 launched. October 14, 1933 became part of the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea. Participated in the Soviet-Finnish war.
On June 22, 1941, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Dragenov Pyotr Nikitich, she met as part of the Separate Training Submarine Division in Orienbaum. In August, captain-lieutenant Nechkin Vadim Dmitrievich was appointed commander of the ship. September 22, when parking in Kronstadt, received shrapnel damage to the solid hull.
On October 10, 1942, she left for operations on enemy communications. At 19.30 on October 10, in support of the Moscow cable line, BTShch-207, -210, -215, -217, -218 and 3, SKA left Kronstadt to about. Lavensari. Around 04.00 on October 11, from the Lavensari area, she began an independent transition to the west. Moonsund Islands (position No. 4). During the campaign, she did not get in touch (did not report on the completion of the crossing of the Gulf of Finland and on taking a position, did not answer the calls of the command on October 19 and 20) and did not return to the base. At 01.40, 08.15 on October 13 and on the night of October 14, Fin. the radio station broadcast messages about the discovery of owls. Submarine in 8 and 9 miles north-west. M-ka Pakri (in both cases, the message could refer to "S-13", and in the latter to "Sch-311"). Possible causes of death: mine explosion of the Nashorn, Yuminda or Seeigel barriers (possibly on October 11, after which the heavily damaged boat was sunk by the north. about. "SB-10" of the Lelv-6 squadron, dropping bombs on a moving oil trail), as well as a personnel error or equipment failure. 37 crew members died on the submarine.
The commanders were: Kosmin D.M. (1933), Potapov L.S. (1938), cap. Lt Drachenov P.N. (1941), cap. Dr. Nechkin V.D. (1942)
"Sch"-303" ("Ruff")
Laid down on February 5, 1930 in Leningrad at Plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard), Plant No. 201. Launched on November 6, 1931. November 25, 1933 became part of the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea. Participated in the Soviet-Finnish war.
June 22, 1941 met under the command of senior lieutenant (later lieutenant commander, captain of the 3rd rank) Travkin Ivan Vasilyevich as part of the Separate training division of submarines in Orienbaum. From October 1939 to July 1941, she underwent a major overhaul in Leningrad at the Kronstadt Marine Plant. From the end of the summer of 1941 was in the organizational period. September 6 moved to Leningrad, September 17 - to Kronstadt, September 28 - to Leningrad, October 14 - to Kronstadt, October 30 - to Leningrad.
July 4 - August 9, 1942 the first campaign in the Second World War. At 22.00 July 4 - 14.46 July 5 independently moved to about. Lavensari. At 23.12 on July 7, she entered the area of \u200b\u200bFr. Utyo - Cape Ristna (position No. 6, providing - the commander of the 3rd DPL, Captain 2nd Rank G.A. Goldberg). On the morning of July 8, due to a discrepancy in the reckoning, she jumped onto a shallow near the Rodsher cape, from which she successfully took off. On the night of July 10, in the area of the Kalbodagrund cape, the enemy SKA was discovered and unsuccessfully attacked. At 00.50 July 11 Sev. Tallinn, during charging, was attacked by 2 self-propelled guns, which caused minor damage to the submarine. At 00.43 on July 12, southeast. M-ka Porkkalan-Kallboda made a torpedo attack OTR (TR-timber carrier 6-7000 tons, attack = overhead / inc / 2, d = 15 cab., After 1 minute during the dive, they heard an explosion - no foreign data). Appeared in the attack area cor. the enemy carried out bombing from 07.30 to 22.30. On July 13, she crossed the Nashorn barrier (at the same time, she touched the KA tube once - at 10.32, in addition, she had one imaginary meeting with the minrep), while continuing to pursue cor. PLO. At 09.00 on July 15, she completed the crossing of the Gulf of Finland and headed for the position. From the morning of July 16, she was in the area of \u200b\u200babout. Utio. At 18.35 on July 19, she made a torpedo attack KOH (5 TR, 4 TS) (TR? t, attack = sub / pr / 1, d = 25-35 cab., Due to shallow water, it was not possible to get closer, the torpedo sank before reaching goals - no foreign data). At 21.35 on July 20, she made a torpedo attack KOH (2 TR, 2 TS) (TR 12000 tons, attack = air / vi / 2, d = 2.5 cab., After 18 and 22 seconds, they heard 2 explosions - at the point 59 ° 34 "3 N / 21 ° 30" E heavily damaged German TR "Aldebaran", 7891 brt, transporting parts of the 7th year (+1, = 3) - kept a course of 5 knots, arrived at the base and repaired by 1944). Germ. TShch "M 1807", "M 1806", "M 1805" counterattacked the submarine, dropping 23 hlb on it. From close breaks on the boat, the horizontal rudders jammed and at 21.40 she hit the ground hard (the stem was bent, the bow horizontal rudders were jammed, the hull in the bow was damaged). On the night of July 22, she moved to the area of the Ristna metro station. On the afternoon of July 23, the submarine discovered the OTP, in the evening - a detachment of combat cores. When maneuvering, it turned out that the covers of the bow TTs were jammed (the torpedoes in the stern TTs were used up on July 12). At 01.14 on July 26, with the permission of the command, she began to withdraw to the base. At 00.00 on July 28, she began forcing the Gulf of Finland. At 18.49 and 19.45 on July 29, while crossing the barrier, the Nashorn twice touched the minreps and tubes of the EMC mines - no explosions followed. On the afternoon of July 30, she was found submerged and attacked herself. the enemy in the area of the Kalbodagrund cape. On the evening of August 1, she arrived in Narva Bay, where she expected to meet with escort ships until 18.25 on August 6. Arriving at the rendezvous point, she did not find her ships, but she noticed the enemy's anti-submarine ship. Only on August 3, the brigade headquarters received a radio and began to organize a meeting of the submarines. During this time, "Sch-406" located in the same area was twice discovered, and only the caution of its commander prevented a catastrophe. For various reasons, the escort ships could not arrive for the meeting, and on August 6 the submarine received an order, together with Shch-406, to proceed independently to the area of \u200b\u200bLavensari Island. At 03.40 on August 6, she was attacked by enemy ships, which pursued her until 05.58. As a result of the bombing, acoustic and radio equipment failed on the submarine, and water entered the pressure hull. At 01.30 on August 8, after a meeting with the SKA, a parade of Fr. Lavensari. At 22.00 on August 8 - 04.57 on August 9, in support of the BTShch-207, -210, -211 and 2, the SKA moved to Kronstadt.
October 1 - November 13, 1942 The second campaign in the Second World War. At 19.55 on October 1, in support of the BTShch-210, -211, -215, -217, -218 and 3, the SKA reached about. Lavepsari. Due to fog at 03.30 on October 2, the escort anchored, and the submarine continued the passage on its own. At 04.06 arrived at the dive point 6 miles west. about. Lavensari and began to move to the area of the Landsort cape (northern part of position No. 11). At 17.40, while forcing the barrier, the Zseigel touched the minrep of the mine - there was no explosion. In the evening, several series of GLB exploded behind the stern of the submarine. At 11.53 on October 5, while crossing the barrier, the Nashorn touched the tube of the EMC mine - no explosion followed. At 00.35 on October 7, she completed the crossing of the Gulf of Finland. On the evening of October 8, she arrived in the area of \u200b\u200bFr. Gotska-Sanden, on the night of October 10, moved to m-ku Huvudsher. On the afternoon of October 11, it twice refused to attack OTR, which were going through skerry fairways. During October 12, she was unable to attack 4 OTR due to unfavorable KU and shallow water. On October 15-16, the boat stormed in position. At 00.03 on October 18, a torpedo attack was made by KOH (5 TR, 2 TFR) south. M-ka Landsort (TR 10-12000 t, attack = overhead / air / 2, d = 14 cab., After 1 min 36 sec, observed a large explosion, a column of fire and smoke. At the time of the dive, the crew heard the explosion of the second torpedo - zarub. No data). The submarine was not prosecuted. At 15.26 on October 20, the OTR made a torpedo attack (TR 8000 tons, attack = air / pr / 2, d = 12 cab., Two explosions were heard after 2 minutes - no foreign data). On October 21-22, the boat departed for about. Gotska-Sanden for recharging TA and topping up AB. At 21.47 on November 2, she carried out a torpedo attack by the OTR in a 8-point storm (TR? t, attack = overhead / pr / 2, d = 15 cab., miss - no foreign data). At 23.42 on November 4, KOH made a torpedo attack (2 TR, 2 TFR) (TR 15000 tons, attack = overhead / high / 3, d = 10 cab., 2 explosions were heard - no foreign data). The submarine was not prosecuted. At 19.53 on November 6, having informed the command about the depletion of ammunition, she began returning to the base. On the morning of November 8, she began forcing the Gulf of Finland. At 23.56 on November 11, while crossing the barrier, the Zseigel touched the minrep of the mine defender. At 09.00 on November 12, she was met by our SKA and at 11.00 arrived in the bay. Norre-Kappellacht. At 01.10-09.45 on November 13, in support of 5 BTSC and 2 SKA moved to Kronstadt.
On March 1, 1943, she was awarded the rank of guards. From April 15, 1943, she was in readiness for a military campaign.
May 7 - June 11, 1943 the third campaign in the Second World War. At 22.30 on May 7 - 01.00 on May 8, in support of the BTShch-210, -211, -215, -217, -218, 6 SKA and 2 KDZ, she moved from Kronstadt to the Shepelevsky cape, where she lay down on the ground, and on the night of 9 May moved to about. Lavensari. At 04.30 east. in the alignment of the Lavepsar raid, the BTShch-210 was blown up by 2 bottom mines and was seriously damaged. At 04.40, the submarine lay down on the ground 2 miles from the bay. Norre-Kappellacht and on the night of May 11 moored in the bay. At 23.00 on May 11, in support of 4 BTShch and 6 SKA, it reached the dive point (arrived at 01.29 on May 12) 6 miles southwest. about. Lavensari for further transition to a position at the mouth of the Gulf of Finland (Island Ute - Cape Ristna). Forced the Gogland PLO line in the area of the Namsi bank. From the evening of May 13 to the morning of May 17, there was a west. about. Windlo charging the AB. At 02.00 on May 17, she transmitted a message about the breakthrough of the Gogland PLO-line, which, due to violation of instructions, but communications was not accepted by the BPL command. On the afternoon of May 17, she moved to the north-west area. Mrs Carey. May 18 was on the ground, correcting damage to the gyrocompass. On the afternoon of May 19, she continued to move west. At 04.38 6 miles north. about. Naissar had a meeting with the Ministry of Rep, at 18.15 in room 55. north-west M-ka Naissar fell into the anti-submarine network, after which he retreated to the area of \u200b\u200babout. Cary for AB charging (stayed in the area until June 1st). At 15.47 on May 21, taking advantage of the absence of the watch officer, foreman of the hold machinists Galkin closed in the central post and surfaced the submarine with the intention of surrendering. The foreman of the radio operators Alekseev and the hydroacoustic specialist Mironenko, who were in the radio room of the Central Control Center, peeled off the doors. Having risen to the bridge, I.V. Travkin saw Galkin, who was giving signals with a pillowcase to the nearby cor. enemy. The submarine made an emergency dive. Galkin remained on the surface and was picked up by a German. TFR. When the SKA dived, the enemy fired at the submarine, and then dropped approx. 100 hlb. From 00.00 to 16.05 on May 22, another approx. 100 hlb. When trying to charge the battery on the night of May 23, an SKA was discovered, which dropped 5 glb onto the boat. On the night of May 25, the submarine interrupted the AB charging several times due to enemy SKA detections. At 00.05 and at 01.45 the commander twice reported on the decision to return to the base. At 02.04 on May 26, the submarine commander reported about the hit in the anti-submarine network (it took place on May 19), without indicating the date of the hit and his coordinates. At 01.20 on May 29, the submarine commander reported the coordinates of the submarine and the main events of the campaign, after which he received permission to return to the base if it was impossible to break into the Baltic Sea. On the morning of June 1, she moved to the area of the Rodsher cape. On the night of June 2, the submarine reported a new location and requested information about the situation on the return route. On June 4, she moved to the Narva Hall, and on June 5 she crossed the Gogland PLO line. On the night of June 6, the submarine commander asked to organize a meeting of the southwest. about. Lavensari. The rendezvous on the night of June 7 did not take place, because, having heard explosions (mines exploding by boats), Shch-303 lay down on the ground. From the composition of the escort SKA "MO No. 102" was killed by mines, and "MO No. 123" was seriously damaged. At 23.19 June 7 met in 8 miles southwest. about. Lavensari 7 SKA and 4 TKA and at 03.30 June 8 arrived in the bay. Norre-Kappellacht. At 21.47 on June 9 - 02.29 on June 10, in support of 5 BTShch, 4 SKA, 4 BKA, 2 KDZ moved to the place of laying on the ground near the Shepelevsky cape. At 01.25 on June 10, KOH was hit by Fin. Air Force, which easily damaged the BTShch-215 and heavily damaged the BTShch-218 (sat down on the ground in shallow water). At 00.22-03.10 on June 11, in support of 3 BTSC, 4 SKA and 2 BKA moved to Kronstadt.
From December 1943 - summer 1944 - overhaul at the Kronstadt Marine Plant. Until October 1944 she was engaged in combat training.
On October 3, 1944, when leaving the Merchant Harbor of Kronstadt for operations on enemy communications, she hit the wall, bending the bracket and the right propeller shaft, the fencing of the aft horizontal rudders and the vertical rudder stock. To eliminate the damage received, she got into the factory. It was under repair at the Kronstadt Marine Plant until November 23.
December 17, 1944 - January 04, 1945 The fourth campaign in the Second World War. On the morning of December 17, she went to the west. Libava (sector No. 1). Until about. Utyo (until the evening of December 17) was in support of the BTShch-215. At 21.00 on December 20, she arrived at the position. On December 29, while trying to attack, KON was discovered and pursued by PLO forces. On the morning of January 1, 1945, Kor. PLO. During an urgent dive, she hit the ground twice, as a result of which she damaged the rudder, keel and hull. On the night of January 2, she began returning to the base. At 19.00 on January 3, BTShch-215 was met in the area of \u200b\u200babout. Nyhamn and at 23.10 January 4 arrived in Turku.
February 24 - March 25, 1945 the fifth military campaign in the Second World War. At 15.00 on February 24, in support of the LD and BTShch-217, it entered a position in the Libava region (position No. 1; providing - the commander of the 3rd DPL, Captain 2nd Rank G.A. Goldberg). At 00.00 on March 1, she arrived at the position, but due to a storm, the search for cor. the enemy was not produced until March 5. At 23.39 on March 5, made a torpedo attack KON (2 TR, 1 MM, 1 SKR, 1 SKA) at the point 56 ° 18 "5 N / 19 ° 56" E. (TR? t, attack = overhead / vee / 2, d = 8-9 cab., miss - no foreign data). After the attack, she was persecuted by Kor. PLO, dropping 3 hlb. On the morning of March 6, I heard the movement of a large number of Korps, but did not go on the attack because of the strong PLO. On March 7-8, due to a storm, she lay on the ground. At 00.04 on March 9, the KO made a torpedo attack (3 TR or 2 TR and TFR) at the point 56-21 "5 N / 20 ° 10" 0 E. (TR 6-7000 t, attack = overhead / top / 4, d = 6 cab., A torpedo explosion was observed - no foreign data). In the evening, the BPL commander ordered the boat to take a position on the approaches to the Danzig Bukh. (positions No. 2, 3). On the evening of March 10, she arrived in the area of the Hel Peninsula. The actions of the boat in the sub. position were unmasked by the great noise of the mechanisms and the beating of the shaft line. On the morning of March 18, I heard the noise of enemy submarines. During the day, I could not attack KOH due to strong PLO. In the evening, the TFR and SKA of the enemy were discovered, dropping approx. 20 hlb. On March 21, the BPL commander ordered the boat to operate in the east. part of the Danzig Buch. (position number 2). On March 22, she was again harassed by PLO forces, breaking away from which she moved to m-ku Hoborg for the production of an observation. At 00.00 on March 24, due to the depletion of supplies, she began returning to the base. At 16.03 on March 25, the LD was met in the area of the Chekarsern Cape and at 22.54 arrived in Turku.
May 7, 1945 was supposed to reach the position of the south. about. Gotland with the aim of blockade of Libava, however, due to the imminent end of hostilities, the campaign was canceled.
On September 12, 1945, she was withdrawn from service and transferred to a detachment of training ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet for training purposes.
February 15, 1946 was part of the KVMK. January 12, 1949 assigned to a subclass of medium submarines. On June 9, 1949, it was renamed S-303. On September 11, 1954, it was disarmed, expelled from the Navy in connection with the surrender to the OFI for dismantling and sale. In 1961, on the basis of Glavvtorchermet on the Turukhanny Islands in Leningrad, it was cut into metal.
The term of combat service is 46.5 months (June 22, 41 - May 9, 1945). 5 military campaigns (157 days). 9 torpedo attacks as a result of which 2 ships were sunk (11857 GRT) and 1 ship was damaged, in addition, 3 more ships may have been damaged.
The commanders were: Art. l-t, cap. l-t, k. 3 p. Travkin I.V. (1941-1944), k. 3 p. Vetchinikin P.P. (1944), k. 3 p. Filov N.A. (1944), cap. Lt Ignatiev E.A. (1944-1945).
"Sch-304" ("Komsomolets")
Serial number 550/1.
Laid down on February 23, 1930 at the plant number 112 "Krasnoe Sormovo" in Nizhny Novgorod with funds raised by the workers. Funds for the construction of this ship came from all republics. In total, 2.5 million rubles were collected. The laying ceremony was attended by Deputy Narkomvoenmor and Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council S.S. Kamenev and Secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee S.A. Saltanov. At that time, the appeal of the Central Committee of the Komsomol to the youth said: "On the day of the 12th anniversary of the Red Army, in order to strengthen the defense capability of the Soviet Union, the fatherland of the international proletariat, the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union, expressing the will of millions of Komsomol members, young proletarians and peasants, undertakes to in front of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army to build one submarine by its 13th anniversary, naming it "Komsomolets". the fierce struggle of the working class, under the leadership of the Communist Party, against the capitalist element in town and countryside for the socialist restructuring of the countryside, for collective farms and the socialization of agriculture. On May 2, 1931, she was launched, and then transferred via the Mariinsky water system in a transport dock to Leningrad to plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipbuilding Plant) for completion and delivery to the fleet. August 15, 1934 became part of the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea. Participated in the Soviet-Finnish war. January 11, 1935 became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
June 22, 1941 met under the command of lieutenant commander (later captain of the 3rd rank) Yakov Pavlovich Afanasyev as part of the Submarine Training Brigade in Kronstadt.
From the end of the summer of 1941 was in the organizational period. On September 6, she moved to Leningrad, on September 16 - to Kronstadt, on September 29 - to Leningrad, on October 14 - to Kronstadt.
October 21-November 10, 1941 the first military campaign in the Second World War. At 18.00 on October 21, she left for covert basing at about. Gogland. On the morning of October 30, she was at Fr. Lavensari. November 10 returned to Kronstadt. November 11 moved to Leningrad.
On the night of June 4, 1942, she moved to Kronstadt (fired by enemy artillery, which fired about 50 shells). The exit to the position was delayed due to the need to sweep non-contact mines in the Kronstadt area.
June 9-30, 1942 The second military campaign in the Second World War. At 22.00 on June 9, she left Kronstadt for about. Lavensari, accompanied by 4 SKA and 2 EMTShch (accompanied the submarine to the Sheielevsky cape). At 09.02 on June 11, she arrived at Fr. Lavensari. At 21.19 on June 12, the Tallinn-Helsinki communications (position No. 11) left for action. Patrolled from the morning of June 14 to June 27. On June 14, I discovered OTR in the Helsinki region - I was walking along the skerry fairway. At 11.51 on June 15, she launched a torpedo attack on KOH (1 TR, 5 SKA) (TR 10-12000 t, attack = air / pr / 2, d = 8-12 cab., After 48 seconds two explosions, at 11.55 did not detect TR - unsuccessfully attacked by the submarine KATSCH "MRS 12", which provided trawling in the Porkalla-Udd area). At 01.02 on June 16, she discovered KOH, but was unable to attack due to poor training of torpedoists. At 01.53 went into a torpedo attack on the OTR (TR 4000 tons, attack = sub / pr / 1, the second torpedo was not fired due to untimely preparation of the TA, d = 6 cab., Miss - unsuccessfully attacked by the submarine KATSCH "MRS 12"). After surfacing, while trying to get close for an artillery attack, the PLB KATSCH opened fire but the submarine from 2 guns. The submarine sank and from 02.25 for several hours was attacked by the GLB. At 23.39 I discovered KOH, from corr. guarding which was forced to withdraw to the north. On the morning of June 17, 2 Fin. SKA - dropped 8 hlb. During charging on the night of June 18, a Finn was attacked. himself., and then SKA (chased the submarine until 08.40, dropped 21 hlb). On the afternoon of June 18, she surveyed the harbor of Paldiski. On the nights of June 19 and June 20, during charging, it was detected and attacked by PLO forces. On the evening of June 20, Cor. enemy. When diving, it hit an unmarked can or the hull of a sunken ship - water began to flow through the rivets up to 1 ton per hour. Within 6 hours, the damage was localized. Moved to action in the Helsinki area. On June 22, it was discovered and harassed by enemy ships. When charging AB on the night of June 23, it attacked itself. Non-111, then SKA. Due to the impossibility of charging on the night of June 24, she retreated to the Kalbodagrund bank area - attacked by the Finns. SKA. On the night of June 25, the submarine commander reported on the continuation of the pursuit and the impossibility of charging (during the campaign, the submarine was pursued for about 90 hours, attacked by surface ships 8 times (105 hlb), itself. - 5 times (11 bombs). On the night of On June 28, by order of the command, she began returning to the base.At 02.18 on June 30, she met 2 SKA and 9 CATSH and arrived at Lavensari Island at 08.45.At 23.00 on June 30 - 08.33 on July 1 she moved to Kronstadt (accompanied by 3 SKA and 8 CATSH).
23.00 August 22 - 06.50 August 23 passed to Fr. Lavensari in providing KL "Red Banner", TFR "Storm", BTShch-204, -211, -217 and 4 SKA (by August 30, it was supposed to take a position in front of the Irbensky strait and the Soelavyain strait - position No. 4). On the transition to the submarine, a serious breakdown of the diesel engine occurred, which made the continuation of the campaign impossible. Until September 1, she was at Fr. Lavensari (lay on the ground during daylight hours). On the night of September 2, in support of the BTShch-217, it moved to Kronstadt.
On October 27, 1942, she went on her last military campaign. At 19.30 on October 27 - 05.02 on October 28, SKA transferred to about. Lavensari. At 00.05 on October 29, it reached a position between the east. the coast of Gotland and the meridian 20 ° 30 "E (later on, according to an additional order, she had to move to a position at the mouth of the Gulf of Finland - position No. 5). On November 13, an order was sent to the boat to return to the base. During the campaign, there was no communication left (did not report the completion of the crossing of the Gulf of Finland and the occupation of the position) and did not return to the base. Possible causes of death: mine explosions of the Seeigel, Yuminda and Nashorn barriers, as well as a personnel error or equipment failure. The submarine killed 42 crew members.In some sources, it is assumed that the submarine died on a mine not on October 29, 1942, but much later, already returning from the campaign, since according to the enemy, his ships and vessels were attacked several times by a submarine in the area indicated "Sch-304", in the designated area on November 13, a Finnish mine layer was attacked four times by torpedoes, on November 17, the Hindenburg transport (7888 brt) was sunk there and another transport was damaged, and in early December, possibly from torpedoes, another several courts. It can be assumed that Shch-304 operated until mid-December and died already returning to the base. The absence of reports from the boat can be explained by the fact that its commander decided to maintain radio silence, or the radio equipment failed.
The term of combat service is 17.6 months (June 22, 1941 - December 10, 1942). 2 military campaigns (64 days). 2 torpedo attacks in the first campaign, as a result of which, possibly, 1 ship was sunk, in addition, several more ships were sunk in the second campaign.
The commanders were: Bubnov K.M., cap. l-t, k. 3 p. Afanasiev Ya.P. (1941-1942)
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Gleb Nikitin First Deputy