15Jul
Why I decided to write this article
Because many who ask me questions ask something that at first you shouldn’t even bother at all. There are even questions that a person may never face at all. In general, “Woe from Wit” occurs in the minds of many novice entrepreneurs, and we will “eliminate” this grief in this article. At least I'll try my best. Now let's talk about the errors, and then I will issue step by step plan the way I see it.
Some errors and their solutions
1. Break-even point not calculated
Many start a business without even considering how much in what period they need to sell in order to break even. This is important because many business models are cut off at this stage.
Calculating the break-even point is easy. You consider how much you incur expenses per month and then consider how much you need to sell goods or provide services per month in order to recoup these expenses. If the figure is too large and seems unrealistic to you, then it is better not to take on such a business. If you think that you can sell the right amount of goods to cover expenses or start covering expenses in a few months, then you can think about this business further.
Conclusion 1: Until you have a complete financial picture of the business in your head, you can’t borrow money or even use your savings.
2. Everything must be perfect
At the beginning of your business, you want everything to be right and beautiful: you buy the most modern equipment, the most functional site is being created, the office is being renovated, etc.
Striving for the best is useful, but there is one "BUT" - before you spend money, check the performance of your business model. If you are going to make an expensive website design, first make sure that your services or products are in demand at all.
Or, if you're opening a coffee shop, before making expensive renovations, try to start selling in the space you have. minimum investment. If sales go on and a place in this area of the city will bring at least some profit, then you can expand or make a cool renovation.
Conclusion 2 A: Don't invest a lot of money until you're sure people want the product. And you don’t need to bring everything to perfection, thereby delaying the start. Start with what you have and gradually develop and improve.
3. Not understanding your future business or simply no love
I personally think that a business should at least like it. For example, I love each of my business projects, and if I didn’t love them, they wouldn’t turn out to be profitable.
Some start-up entrepreneurs write me questions like “What to sell”, “What services are profitable to provide”, “What kind of business is profitable to do”, etc. I answer everyone: "Open your own bank." And no one likes my answer, although it answers all these questions. Every entrepreneur has a different life situation, different interests and different knowledge. If one likes selling toys and the other likes selling men's suits, then they won't be able to switch businesses and be as successful. This is because they do not understand the model itself and simply do not feel interested.
Conclusion 3: You can't build a business on an idea just because you just know it's profitable and you're not interested in it. Business needs to be understood, loved and “be in the know”. For example, I could not open massage parlor and lead your business to success. Not because I don't have enough money, but because I don't understand anything in this business.
How to start your own business - 10 steps from scratch
To begin with, I want to say that below I will give 2 plans on how to start your business: complete and simplified. Let's start with the complete.
Step 1. Business Idea
Of course, to start a business, you need to know what to start. I have always said, I say and I will say that an entrepreneur must have an idea. If you can't even come up with an idea, then what kind of business are you talking about. It is not necessary to be an innovator and come up with something unimaginable. You can take an already working idea, look around, find flaws in it, or simply improve it the way YOU see it and it will be a different business. It is easier to enter a formed market than to form it yourself. And the idea should not be global, you can start a micro business or.
In order to come up with or find a business idea, read the following articles and after reading you will 100% decide on the idea:
After the articles are read, the ideas are thought up, you can proceed to the next step.
Step 2. Market Analysis
After choosing a business idea, you need to analyze the market, find out if people really need your product. Assess the competition, identify positive and negative sides competitors, find in yourself what will make you different from your competitors. Compare prices, quality of service, assortment (if it is a commodity business) and look to the maximum for what you can be better at. It is necessary. Why? Read!
Once you have assessed the supply and demand, realized that you can compete with existing companies, you can move on.
Step 3. Business Planning
Step 5. Registering your business
This step cannot be missed, because the business must be registered. You can use LLC or IP. It all depends on your activity. This article will help you:
Once your business is set up, you can move on to the next step.
Step 6. Taxes and reporting
I indicated this step right away, because you must initially decide on which taxation system you will work with. This must be done immediately, because the amount of taxes and how they are paid depend on it. To do this, read the following articles:
And also read other articles of the heading, because there you will always find up-to-date and complete information on the conduct of tax and accounting. You can also ask your question and get an answer from a specialist.
Step 7. Quick idea testing
Someone will say that you can test without registering a business. And you are right! It is possible and so, but it was not in vain that I wrote at the very beginning that there would be 2 scenarios for the development of events, and in the second I will talk about it. Now let's move on to testing itself.
Initially, you need exactly quick testing - “testing in battle”. With your own money, test the idea, give minimal advertising, make the smallest possible product and try to sell it. Study demand in practice so to speak. You have to look into your plan, estimate what you need at the minimum in order to get started and start right away. Why is this being done. At the very beginning, I wrote about one of the mistakes of novice entrepreneurs, which consists in delaying the start, in constant improvements, etc. You don’t need to bring it to perfection, you need to start as soon as possible in order to test the idea in action, get the first sales and be inspired to continue development.
If the start does not give the first sales, then you need to revise the plan, idea and look for errors. Fast start It is also done so that in case of failure you spend less time, effort and money. Agree, it would be more annoying to prepare for a year, and then fail? It is less offensive to realize your mistakes right away, while you still have little time to do. So you can make adjustments along the way and everything will start to work out!
To test ideas and your business can help you. It is more for testing ideas on the Internet, but it is also suitable for the real sector (offline).
Step 8. Business Development
After the tests have been carried out, the plan has been adjusted and sales have started slowly, you can develop your business and refine everything that you wrote in the plan to perfection. Now you can improve the site, increase warehouses or office, expand staff, etc. When your idea and business model has shown its performance, it is easier for you to set more global goals. Moreover, you have already received the first money from the first orders or sales and can reinvest them in development.
If there is not enough money, then here you can already resort to loans and borrowings, because business brings money and you can borrow with a clear conscience for its development. If you don't need much money, even a credit card might work. In I told how you can use credit card money for your business without interest.
Step 9. Active promotion
This step could be attributed to development, but I took it out separately. After you have wider warehouses, more powerful equipment and site, more employees, etc., you need to make it all work. This requires aggressive advertising to the maximum. You have to use a lot of promotional opportunities. Look for clients on the Internet, do offline advertising, do direct sales, etc. The more advertising tools you use, the better the result. But be sure to record the results and filter out ineffective advertising tools so as not to waste your budgets.
Step 10 Scaling
Your business is doing well, making money, you are constantly developing, everything is great! But there are also adjacent areas or neighboring cities. If your business model is successful in your city, then you can make representative offices in other cities. If there is no desire or opportunity to go to neighboring cities, then you can simply capture an adjacent direction, if there is one at all.
For example, if you are selling household appliances, you can simultaneously open a repair service and provide paid services for repair. If your client's equipment is beyond repair, you can always offer him to buy something from your store in exchange. In general, look at your business and I am sure that you will find something to cling to.
What else can you pay attention to
During the launch of a business, there are several parameters that allow you to evaluate how effective your business is at the start, take them seriously:
If a net profit your business is above zero, not including equipment costs and taxes, then your business will survive because it generates some money. If it is below zero, it means that your business is burning money, and it will not have enough loans and investments;
If you planned sales for 200,000, and sell for 50,000, then this is an occasion to seriously adjust your work and, possibly, the plan itself;
You should be comfortable. Business is hard. If you, too, are constantly having a hard time, then it will be difficult to cope with the tasks of the business. Provide yourself with a sufficient level of comfort so that you do not feel left out due to own business.
How to start and open your own business in a simplified way
As promised, I will give another simplified diagram of how to start your own business. Because I have already written all the points above, so I will refer to them here so as not to repeat myself.
I myself have used this scheme more than once, because before I started very small projects in which a lot could be missed. So the schema looks like this:
- Idea (it should always be);
- Easy planning, you can not paint, but fit the main points on a sheet of notebook. It is done in order to draw a model;
- Quick idea test. Perhaps even without investments and search for money. Or very little money will be required and they will simply be in your savings;
- Development and active promotion. After the first orders are, you can start active promotion and bring everything to mind;
- Business registration and scaling.
As you can see, I missed registration at the very end, because some business projects can be implemented without registration, because during the test you don’t get so much money to immediately run for them to report to the tax office. But if the business model has shown its performance and, after active promotion, it is growing, then the design should be instant.
But you still can’t do without registration even at the first stages if you need a retail space, an office or work with companies under contracts, because for this you need at least an individual entrepreneur.
Conclusion
In this article, I told you how to start your own business, talked about the mistakes that beginners often make and I made, and now you know what to do before starting your own business. Read my site, subscribe to it, and try to start doing your own thing. We will not leave anyone on the site without help. Thank you for your attention!
Sincerely, Schmidt Nikolai
"Start your own bissnes!" "Stop working for your uncle!" “The main thing is to start, and then we'll see!” Very often, such messages bring young people to complete collapse. Statistics show that only 10-15% of entrepreneurs continue to develop the business they started, and the percentage of people who have achieved incredible success is even smaller.
Tip #1
Before you go on a free voyage, objectively evaluate your capabilities, talents, and organizational qualities. To do this is elementary - remember how you cope with your duties as a hired specialist? If you do work at an average level, you cannot boast of outstanding achievements, you do not find a common language with the management of the organization and colleagues at work, it is still too early for you to think about your own business! Work on yourself, learn to be sociable and productive, and then the ground for future success will be prepared.
Tip #2: Make a business plan
Decide what products or services you are going to offer to consumers. Assess the presence of competitors and monopolies in this area. Spend marketing research the demand for their services, the cross-country coefficient, taking into account seasonality and “dead months” in order not to start a business in the wrong place at the wrong time.
Tip number 3. Calculate whether you are financially ready for an individual entrepreneurial activity
A novice businessman must have start-up capital, and I would not advise taking a bank loan for this. The beginning of any activity is associated with monetary expenses planned or not, therefore, when drawing up a business plan, it is necessary inflate costs and underestimate revenues. Very often, young entrepreneurs expect to receive huge profits in the first months of their activity - and in vain! There should be enough cash reserves to be able to pay rent and pay salaries to employees for about six months, regardless of the income of the enterprise. Don't place your hopes on
Imagine that along with the expenses that have piled on you, taxes and expenses for household needs, you also need to answer to your creditors! As a result, all this is collected in a huge tangle of non-payments and leads to the destruction of activities.
Tip number 4. Personnel decides everything
Recruitment is a labor intensive process. You can quickly find workers who no one needs; accordingly, they are unlikely to make their contribution to business development in the form of conscientious performance of their duties. Such "employees" will try to run home as soon as possible, and perceive customers as irritants. Carefully study the resume of the applicant, ask for the contacts of those people who can give recommendations, assign him a trial period. But a well-coordinated team can accomplish the incredible - and this is the most expensive thing in business.
The system of financial incentives must comply with the formula "the more you do, the more you get." Beware of fixed salaries, they relax workers and make them indifferent to the overall income of the enterprise. Here is one.
Tip number 5. Working conditions should be comfortable, but you should not overpay for a place
When starting a business, try to minimize monthly expenses as much as possible. If you rent an office, it is not necessary that it be located in a chic business center in a prestigious area of the city. Start with an inexpensive, but convenient and comfortable place for employees, organize workplaces and provide the team with everything necessary.
Do not hire a full-time accountant, hire him on an outsourcing basis. Take on the functions of employees that you can do without in the first months, this will help you understand all the intricacies of business maintenance, and in the future eliminate the possibility of deception by a hired specialist.
Tip #6: The first year you feed the business, the second year you take turns feeding each other, the third year the business feeds you.
At the beginning of your business, forget about your personal needs, only the essentials: food, clothes, medicines. All money should go to business development. I warn you that in the first months you will earn much less than as an employee. Do not listen to relatives, friends, relatives, who say: "Untie the bag of money." And the reward will be the achievement of those peaks to which you aspire!
It is no secret that starting your own business is fraught with considerable difficulties, especially for people who do not have the necessary legal and economic knowledge. Most start-up entrepreneurs even register an individual entrepreneur or legal entity involve specialists - firms that provide such services.
Actually in the design own enterprise there is nothing complicated, the main thing is to assemble the package required documents and act strictly according to the instructions. Also, it is not difficult to independently obtain a license, a patent, open your own account, and choose a taxation system. And even accounting now an entrepreneur can master himself - there are special online services for this.
The book that you hold in your hands will benefit you at all stages of creating and developing a business.
If you are looking for an idea, then a brief overview of classic and original types of entrepreneurial activity will help you make your choice. If you have already chosen the sphere of trade or services and do not know what to do next, then step by step instructions for IP registration and legal organization, as well as advice on choosing taxation will assist you at the start.
It will not be superfluous for you and guidelines for the preparation of a business plan. This is a very important stage of entrepreneurial activity. You cannot do without short-term and long-term financial planning. Even the most seemingly profitable business will fail if the entrepreneur does not calculate in advance the payback period, possible risks, income and expenses, as well as many other factors. For this, there is business planning, the basics of which you can find on the pages of our book.
Most of the enterprises that are currently flourishing have come a long way and have made a lot of efforts to ensure that their business not only develops and brings good income, but is also useful to society and the country as a whole. Many of the famous businessmen started their business from scratch and did not have a large start-up capital. They had an idea that they put into practice, overcoming all obstacles. And this is the best proof that everything depends on the person himself. People who persistently move towards the intended goal achieve success and financial well-being. So everything is in your hands! Good luck and be patient!
General information about entrepreneurial activity
Entrepreneurial activity is understood as “an independent activity carried out at one’s own risk, aimed at systematically making a profit from the use of property, the sale of goods, the performance of work or the provision of services by persons registered in this capacity in the manner prescribed by law” (Article 2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
Entrepreneurship is possible only after passing state registration and registration with the tax authorities.
For reference certain types business, for example in the banking sector, a license is required.
Types of entrepreneurship
Depending on the direction of the business, the objects of investment, obtaining specific results and profits, the following types of entrepreneurship are distinguished:
- production;
– insurance;
– commercial and trade;
- intermediary;
- financial and credit.
Manufacturing business
It is an enterprise for the production and sale different kind goods and services. The manufacturing business includes:
- release industrial products;
– production of agricultural products;
- release of goods for industrial purposes;
- production consumer goods;
– passenger and cargo transportation services;
- communication services;
- household and utilities;
- issue of books and periodicals;
- provision of information.
In Russia, the manufacturing business is the most risky. The probability that an entrepreneur does not sell his products or will not be able to sell his services is quite high.
insurance business
The essence of such entrepreneurship is the receipt of insurance premiums from insured persons or enterprises and the payment of compensation (insurance) to them only under certain circumstances. The entrepreneur, in accordance with the law and the insurance contract, guarantees compensation for damage resulting from the loss of property, money, health, life, etc.
Commercial and trading business
The purpose of the commercial-trading business is to sell finished goods purchased from others to the consumer at a higher price and thereby make a profit.
In the commercial and trading business, those entrepreneurs whose activities are related to the sale of so-called durable goods, such as vehicles, household appliances, are most at risk.
The areas of commercial and trade business include:
- the shops;
– outlets;
- trading houses;
– auctions;
- wholesale bases;
- Internet trading platforms;
- trade shows.
Intermediary business
The intermediary business implies that the entrepreneur does not independently produce and sell goods, but acts as an intermediary between the producer and the consumer.
Intermediary organizations include:
– some commercial banks;
– wholesale supply and marketing enterprises;
- brokerage houses;
– dealer organizations;
- enterprises engaged in distribution activities.
Financial and credit business
This is an entrepreneurial activity in which money (the Russian ruble and currency) and securities act as objects of sale. Business owner buys cash from their owner, and then sells them at a higher price to the consumer.
The financial and credit business also includes credit operations in which the entrepreneur attracts cash deposits and pays their owners a reward in the form of interest on the deposit. The businessman lends the funds raised at an interest rate that exceeds the deposit.
Forms of entrepreneurial activity
Entrepreneurial activity can be carried out in the form of an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity.
Individual entrepreneur
An individual entrepreneur (IP) goes through a simplified registration procedure and has a simplified form of accounting and reporting. He is liable for debts with personal property and does not have the right to distribute it among the founders.
Most of the fines for individual entrepreneurs are several times lower than for legal entities.
An individual entrepreneur can only use credit funds as sources of external financing. As for the sale of the business, he will be able to offer only his own assets, which belong to him as personal property. Inheritance and donation of a business is associated with a huge number of legal obstacles.
Entity
A legal entity is an organization that owns, manages or manages separate property. They are responsible for their obligations. A legal entity has the right on its own behalf to acquire and exercise property and non-property rights, as well as to act in court as a plaintiff or defendant (Articles 48 and 56 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
The activity of a legal entity is impossible without an independent balance sheet or estimate.
The most common form of commercial organizations is a business company or partnership. It involves the division of the authorized capital into shares of the founders.
Kinds business companies:
- closed joint-stock company(COMPANY);
– open joint stock company (OJSC);
- society with limited liability(OOO).
A CJSC is an enterprise in which shares are distributed only among its founders or a predetermined circle of persons. Shareholders have the right to repurchase shares from participants going out of business.
OJSC is an organization whose founders have the right to sell their shares without the consent of other participants.
The activities of CJSC and OJSC have significant differences (Table 1).
Table 1
The main differences between CJSC and OJSC
LLC is an organization established by one or more persons, the authorized capital of which is divided into shares. Their sizes are determined by constituent documents. Such an enterprise is designed mainly for small businesses. The minimum amount of its authorized capital is 100 minimum wages.
The founder of an LLC risks only to the extent of the value of his contribution to the authorized capital. Any member has the right to leave the organization whenever he wants and receive his share of the capital.
The LLC is managed by a director. The organization must have no more than 50 members.
Which shape to choose
The choice of a particular form of entrepreneurial activity depends on a number of circumstances, the main ones are given in tab. 2.
table 2
The choice of individual entrepreneur or legal entity, depending on the plans
Legal aspects of entrepreneurial activity
A successful business is impossible without competent legal support. Even if you hire professionals who perform the necessary functions to service your business, knowing the laws and regulations under which individual entrepreneurs and legal entities operate will not interfere with you.
Registration of entrepreneurial activity
According to the current legislation, a citizen has the right to do business from the moment of state registration (clause 1, article 23 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
IP (Individual entrepreneur)
To register an IP, you will need to go through the steps below.
If you do not have a TIN, you will need to apply for one with the tax office. This can be done in advance or simultaneously with the registration of IP. In the latter case, the time for issuing an IP will increase slightly.
Decide in advance on the taxation system and types economic activity, which are designated by OKVED codes.
You can choose one or more activities, but the first code you enter on the application will be the main one.
The most popular types of IP activities are:
- various services (educational, accounting, legal, intermediary, translation, domestic, consulting, design, etc.);
- renting out real estate;
– publishing and printing activities;
- trade.
The following types of activities are prohibited for individual entrepreneurs:
– production, wholesale and retail alcohol;
– development, production, testing and repair aviation technology, as well as activities to ensure aviation security;
- activities related to weapons, military equipment and explosive materials;
– activities for the examination of industrial safety;
– production of pyrotechnics;
– private security activity;
- activities related to the employment of citizens outside the Russian Federation;
– activities related to investment and non-state pension funds;
– space activities;
- production medicines;
- Passenger and cargo transportation by air.
In order to successfully register as an individual entrepreneur, you will need to prepare the following documents for the tax service:
– passport and copies of all its pages;
– application for state registration individual as an individual entrepreneur with an appendix on the types of economic activity;
- two copies of the application for the transition to a simplified taxation system (if required).
If an entrepreneur draws up an IP on his own and submits documents along with the original passport, it is not necessary to certify them with a notary. If a lawyer or a specialist of a company providing such services to the public is engaged in opening an IP, the future businessman will need to visit a notary's office.
In the tax service, you will need to check the documents with the submitted samples, and then submit them to the appropriate specialist. Currently, in most IFTS, documents are handed over, registered and received on a one-stop basis, that is, in one place.
The specialist will issue you a receipt of receipt of documents and a second copy of the application for the transition to a simplified taxation system. Make sure that there is a stamp on the receipt and the date when you need to pick up the finished documents is indicated.
If the registration procedure was successful, you will receive the following documents within the period specified in the receipt:
– certificate of state registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur (OGRNIP);
- an extract from the United state register individual entrepreneurs(EGRIP);
- notification of registration of an individual with the tax service;
– notification of the assignment of statistics codes (from Rosstat);
- notification of registration of an individual in the territorial service of the PFR (pension fund) at the place of residence.
To open a bank account, you will need all the above documents. Within 7 days after opening an account, you must notify the IFTS of this. Otherwise, you face a fine.
If your activities are related to the acceptance of cash, you will need to purchase and register a cash register (KKM).
You may be denied registration of an individual entrepreneur if you are declared bankrupt less than a year back or your business ban has not expired. In addition, documents may be returned to you due to their incorrect design, the presence of incorrect data or typos in them.
By law, an individual entrepreneur can work without a seal, but documents without it are invalid. In addition, some banks require a seal from an individual entrepreneur to open an account. You will also need it if you plan to cooperate with other organizations or sign contracts with individuals.
LLC (Limited Liability Company)
A limited liability company is the most popular organizational and legal form of a legal entity. The steps below will help you form an LLC on your own.
According to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, any commercial organization must have a full company name in Russian. Take the choice of name responsibly, so that later you will not have problems when registering an LLC, as well as misunderstandings in the process. For example, if an organization already exists under the same name, it may file a claim with you to change the name of your company. It is unacceptable to use incorrect words in the title, as well as names related to Russian statehood. Writing foreign words is possible only in Russian transcription, however, you can register an additional full or abbreviated name in a foreign language.
The ideal option is to choose a name that has not yet been registered in the Russian Federation. You can check the name on the FTS website.
The location of the LLC, that is, its legal address, according to the law, is the address of its executive body, that is, the head. It can be either rented or own premises where the office of the organization is located, and the address of registration at the place of residence of the director.
If you choose the second option, you should be aware that your living space and property from the moment of registration of the LLC become part of it with all the ensuing consequences.
Activities must be selected in advance. To do this, you will need to carefully study the current OKVED codes. Prohibitions on most types of activities for LLCs are the same as for individual entrepreneurs.
However, unlike the latter, LLC has the right to engage in licensed production and sale of alcoholic products. For some other activities, the organization also requires a license.
The OKVED list is divided into 17 sections by type of activity, their purpose and meaning. The grouping code consists of 2–6 digits. Its structure can be represented as follows:
– XX – class;
– XX.X – subclass;
– XX.XX – group;
- XX.XX.X - subgroup;
- XX.XX.XX - view.
To register an LLC, you will need an authorized capital, minimum size which today - 10,000 rubles. You can transfer the entire amount or 50% of it to an open savings bank account at once. In the second case, it is necessary to deposit the remaining part of the amount to the current account or to the cash desk of the organization (with reflection in the balance sheet) during the first year of operation.
The authorized capital can be contributed by property, which is valued by the founders of the company. They draw up and sign an act of appraisal, as well as an act of acceptance and transfer of property to the balance of the organization (after registration).
If the property costs more than 20,000 rubles, you will need to invite an independent expert (appraiser).
Decide in advance on the tax regime. By default, a general taxation regime is established for an LLC, including the payment of VAT, income tax and corporate property tax.
However, if necessary, the company can choose a simplified taxation system. It is better to do this in advance in order to submit an application simultaneously with the documents for registering an LLC.
The founders of an LLC have the right to become able-bodied, not registered public service citizens and legal entities of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign companies and citizens. The maximum number of founders is 50, the minimum is 1 (founder and director in one person).
The head of the LLC is chosen by the founders.
To register, you will need to prepare the following documents:
– charter of LLC (2 copies);
– application for a certified copy of the articles of association;
– decision on the organization of LLC (if the founder is one);
– minutes of the general meeting of founders (if there is more than one founder);
– agreement of founders (if there are more than one founders);
– application for state registration;
- receipt of payment of state duty;
– an application for the transition to a simplified taxation system (if required);
- a document from a bank confirming the opening of a savings account, or an act of assessing a property contribution to the authorized capital;
– letter of guarantee, lease agreement or any other document confirming the legal address of the enterprise.
About the charter
To date, the charter of an LLC is the only constituent document of this legal entity. The charter is approved either by one (single) founder, or by the minutes of the general meeting of participants in the LLC. This information must be indicated on the title page of the document.
sole founder
The charter of an LLC, which has one founder, may include the following items.
1. General Provisions.
2 Goals and subject of activity.
3 Legal status society.
4 Authorized capital.
5 Rights and obligations of the participant.
6 Transfer of a share in the authorized capital.
7 Society management.
8 CEO society.
9 Audit Commission.
10 Property, accounting and reporting.
11 Distribution of profits.
12 Accounting for financial and economic activities.
13 Liquidation and reorganization.
It should be remembered that, as in most documents, each paragraph must contain a transcript, that is, subparagraphs.
Example
5. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF A PARTICIPANT
5.1. The participant is obliged:
– pay for the share in the authorized capital of the Company in the manner, in the amount and within the time limits stipulated by the legislation, as well as by the agreement on the establishment of the Company; - comply with the requirements of the charter;
– keep secret confidential information on the activities of the Company; – protect the property of the Company;
– fulfill the obligations assumed in relation to the Company;
– assist the Company in carrying out its activities.
5.2. The participant has the right:
– participate in the management of the Company's affairs in the manner prescribed by this Charter and the current legislation of the Russian Federation;
– receive information about the activities of the Company and get acquainted with its accounting books and other documentation in accordance with the procedure established by these Articles of Association;
– receive a share of profit in proportion to their share in the authorized capital;
– sell or otherwise alienate its share or part of the share in the authorized capital of the Company to another person in the manner prescribed by this Charter and current legislation;
– receive, in the event of liquidation of the Company, a part of the property remaining after settlements with creditors, or its value;
– enjoy other rights granted to the participants of a limited liability company by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
5.3. The participant may decide to give himself additional rights. Termination or restriction of additional rights is carried out by the decision of the participant.
5.4. The withdrawal of the sole member of the Company from the Company is not allowed.
It is best to draw up a charter under the guidance of a competent lawyer. If this is not possible, it is recommended to carefully study the charters of existing organizations. Perhaps your friends and acquaintances, who have already opened an LLC and are successfully running a business, will help you in this difficult task. In addition, sample charters are freely available on the Internet.
Multiple founders
Help for small businesses: organizational system support + 4 detailed options.
A small business that gives its owner financial independence is the dream of everyone who does not want to work for his uncle.
Unfortunately, not everyone can boast of having a decent amount on their account to start a planned project.
Of course, there is always a way. In this case, there are several of them - to be patient and earn capital, to take a loan or loan from relatives / friends / acquaintances,.
But there is also an option like small business assistance which is of several types.
So, today we will talk about how our state supports the development of beginners and experienced entrepreneurs.
State assistance to small businesses: an organizational system for supporting entrepreneurs
The main regulatory act, which must be relied upon in matters of our article, is The federal law No. 209 "On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation".
Its full text can be found by clicking on the link: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_52144
Also, each region has its own body, which is responsible for the implementation of measures to help entrepreneurs.
A complete list of them is available on the official website of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation in the "Small Business" section: https://economy.gov.ru/minec/activity/sections/smallBusiness
Why is it important to support entrepreneurs?
So, in Russia, only thanks to small and medium-sized businesses, more than 16 million citizens are provided with jobs (and this is a quarter of the entire employed population).
In addition, 20% of GDP is accounted for by SMEs, although in the world this figure is close to 35%, so we have room to strive.
The role of SMEs in the economy of the whole country is very significant. Briefly describe its importance:
- creation of new jobs;
- formation of healthy competition in the market and adequate pricing for goods and services;
- revenues to the budgets of all levels;
- filling those niches where it cannot fit big business(providing household services population, small wholesale, marketing).
But owners of small and medium-sized businesses have to constantly face problems and difficulties:
- economic instability in the country;
- flaw financial resources both for opening and for developing a business;
- a large tax burden and the complexity of compiling financial statements;
- constant changes in legislation;
- lack of personnel (qualified specialists prefer to work for the “sharks” of business, ignoring entrepreneurs);
- difficulty in obtaining loans (not every bank wants to deal with a small business).
Agree, not every experienced businessman will be able to withstand the difficulties described above, what can we say about beginners.
That is why the state should provide assistance to entrepreneurs.
In 2016, more than 11 billion rubles were allocated from the Russian budget to support SMEs.
But, unfortunately, the amount of assistance to small businesses from the state tends to decrease.
So, in 2014, about 20 billion rubles were allocated to support SMEs, and already in 2015 - 17 billion. In 2016 from federal budget planned to provide financial assistance in the amount of almost 15 billion, but in fact it turned out to be 11 billion.
In 2017, this downward trend in financial assistance continues. The state is ready to provide only 7.5 billion rubles.
Therefore, those who rely on it will have to make a lot of efforts to get it.
The structure of spending on helping small businesses in 2017 looks like this:
| Expenses | Amount, billion |
|---|---|
| Formation of infrastructure for the development of SMEs | 3,06 |
| Measures to support single-industry municipalities | 0,74 |
| Creation and development of information and consulting support | 0,72 |
| Creation of an infrastructure to support SMEs operating in the field of innovation and industrial production | 0,69 |
| Completion of capital construction projects | 1,6 |
| Promoting the development of youth entrepreneurship | 0,23 |
| Creation of multifunctional business centers | 0,135 |
We have figured out the facts and figures, but what is the assistance to small businesses from the state?
So, there are such forms of support for SMEs:
- financial - providing financial resources for the opening and development of small businesses (compensations, subsidies, grants, soft loans);
- property - providing entrepreneurs with state property on the rights of use ( land, industrial premises);
- information and consulting- formation information systems, as well as free consultations about doing business (trainings, seminars, courses);
- infrastructural- formation of comfortable conditions for doing business, as well as the creation of business incubators, multi-purpose funds, centers of entrepreneurs;
- organizational- assistance in participation in exhibition events and fairs.
Help for small businesses: who can count?
The priority areas that the state is ready to help are:
- area of food and industrial production;
- innovation;
- provision of household and communal services;
- healthcare;
- tourism, in particular ecotourism;
- folk craft and creativity.
Assistance to small and medium businesses: 4 types
In general, there are 4 types of material assistance to small and medium-sized businesses from the state. Let's consider each of them.
1. Money from the employment center (self-employment grant).
In order to combat unemployment and informal employment, the state is ready to provide one-time financial assistance to start a small business.
The amount of assistance in 2017 is 58.8 thousand rubles.
If your business can provide work for one or more citizens, then the self-employment grant can be increased by 58.8 thousand rubles. for each hired employee.
This program is limited to opening individual entrepreneurship and cannot be applied to:
- minors (under 16) and pensioners;
- full-time students;
- operating individual entrepreneurs or founders of LLC;
- citizens with disabilities belonging to the non-working group;
- young mothers on maternity leave;
- those who work under an employment contract;
- those who refused the work offered at the employment center.
In addition to the documents that must be submitted in order to register with the employment center, in order to receive government assistance for small businesses, you will need:
- statement;
- a copy of the bank account;
- project.
If you are unemployed and want to get start-up capital to start your own business, you will need to follow these steps:
So, your application is approved, after that they will conclude an agreement with you that you received money to open a business. Funds received should only be spent on intended purpose and you need to move strictly according to plan.
You need to appear within the time limits set by the employment center to provide reports on the funds spent.
In case of violation of the terms of the contract (misuse, premature termination of business activities), you will have to receive assistance.
2. Grants for start-up entrepreneurs.
This option of helping small businesses from the state is suitable for those who have some money for its opening and development.
That is, the funds are ready to compensate for part of the costs of opening a business in the amount of up to 500 thousand rubles.
The grant scheme is as follows:
Drawing up a strategy.
This includes compiling detailed business plan, which will affect production, organizational, financial, marketing issues.
The study of public funds.
On the website of the ministry, you can find bodies and funds that are ready to support.
Familiarize yourself with the directions and requirements for candidates for which organizations work.
Preparation of documents and drawing up an application.
This stage must be approached with all responsibility, because in the absence of even one document or with an incorrectly completed application, the commission may reject your candidacy.
Sending an application and waiting for the decision of the commission.
The commission draws up a certain scoring system, according to which it evaluates the submitted projects.
The one who picks the largest number points and become a grant recipient.
The funds received can be spent on the purchase of equipment, equipment, raw materials, rent coverage, but not for paying salaries to employees. In any case, the use of money should be targeted.
Unfortunately, not everyone can receive such a grant for opening a small and medium-sized business.
For the rational distribution of financial resources, the state may determine various requirements for candidates:
- entrepreneurial age no more than 2 years;
- passing basic courses on entrepreneurial activity;
- business should not be related to gaming, banking, insurance activities, as well as the provision of intermediary services and the resale of goods;
- no debt to the state;
- employment a certain amount human.
- dismissed from the previous place of work;
- university graduates;
- single mother;
- retired military;
- invalids.
Ideas that the commission will consider for issuing grants:
- innovation;
- socially significant industries;
- Agriculture;
- export-oriented production;
- education;
- tourism;
- advertising, marketing.
3. Credit on preferential terms.
Getting a loan from a bank is a rather complicated and painstaking work, which does not always end in success.
Therefore, why not try your luck and ask for a loan from the state, but on favorable terms?
The essence of obtaining a preferential loan is as follows:
- Guaranteed lending support is provided by the Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises.
- As of now, preferential rates for lending to small businesses are 11%, for medium-sized businesses - 10% (for comparison: you can take a loan under normal conditions at 24-25% per annum).
- The maximum loan amount is 1 billion rubles, and the term is 3 years.
- Loans are issued to those entrepreneurs whose successful activity lasts about six months.
- Loans are not given to those who are on the verge of bankruptcy, who have outstanding debts and questionable credit history.
A loan on favorable terms can be issued for the following purposes:
- increase in working capital;
- purchase of real estate and transport for doing business;
- participation in government contracts.
4. Subsidizing small and medium businesses.
Assistance to small businesses from the state in the form of subsidies is carried out on the basis of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1605: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_173683
For those who do not know: subsidies are the receipt of a certain amount of funds for specific purposes.
As a rule, money is issued on a gratuitous and irrevocable basis. Unlike a grant, the amounts of which are received in tranches, the subsidy is received in one amount at once.
To help small and medium-sized businesses, the following types of subsidies are issued in the following amounts:
| Type of subsidy | Sum |
|---|---|
| Subsidies for reimbursement of interest on loans | Compensation of 3/4 of the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation as of the date of conclusion of the loan agreement (up to 5 million rubles and not more than 70% of the actual costs incurred) |
| Subsidies for reimbursement of part of the costs under financial lease (leasing) agreements | 5 million rubles (but not more than 30% of the value of the leased asset) |
| Compensation for part of the costs associated with training and (or) advanced training of employees | 75% of the cost of training, but not more than 90 thousand rubles, for each trained employee |
| Reimbursement of part of the costs associated with the payment of the first installment (advance) when concluding an equipment leasing agreement in order to create and (or) develop and (or) modernize the production of goods (works, services) | 100% of the paid installment (advance) of the equipment leasing agreement, but not more than 3 million rubles. |
The amount of subsidies may differ in different regions, but the scheme for issuing them is approximately the same:
- Compliance check:
- the period of activity of the enterprise is not more than 2 years;
- lack of debt;
- the candidate himself is able to cover the costs of the project in the amount of 50% of the total amount.
- Filing an application
- Application acceptance
- Competitive selection
- Receiving a subsidy, providing reports on the targeted use of assistance to small businesses.
New Government program gives beginners the opportunity
entrepreneurs to start their own business.
How to get this help is explained in detail in the video:
Small Business Assistance Program
In 2017, the following programs of assistance to small businesses from the state will operate:
- "Cooperation" - you can get up to 20 million rubles. for business development, namely: improving the quality of the goods produced or the service provided;
- "Development" - the maximum amount of assistance to small businesses can be 15 million rubles, which must be spent on improving production and creating new jobs;
- "Start" - carried out in 3 stages: 1 million rubles, 2 million rubles. and 3 million rubles. This small business assistance program is focused on creating new products and technologies.
The proposed list does not end there, as there are many other programs, as well as funds that provide support to entrepreneurs.
Help for small businesses not limited to the state. There are many foreign, venture, investment funds that are ready to cooperate with young and promising entrepreneurs.
You just need to knock on all the doors, and not wait for someone to want to sponsor your idea.
Of course, those who produce a socially significant product or make an innovative breakthrough are more likely to succeed. But again, everything is in your hands, so do not be lazy and start acting.
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Starting a new business is always associated with great responsibility, hard and everyday work, and sometimes with the danger of failure. It will take a lot of effort from an aspiring entrepreneur to achieve success. In short, business is hard work.
But the end results of the decision to create your own business, labor and risk can be truly great. And we can talk here not only and not so much about money.
Satisfaction plays an important role here and about the pride that a person who achieves success experiences. It's a truly incomparable feeling. It is a feeling of victory, a sense of success and self-importance.
In order not to make a lot of mistakes at the start and achieve in the end everything that a novice entrepreneur wants, we offer 25 outwardly simple but very important tips:
- Dream. Don't be afraid to dream big. Dream that it is you and your business idea that will conquer the world. Only he achieves success who dreams big in small things;
- Back up your dreams with action. Only he achieves success who not only dreams, but also acts. Always bring the results of your actions to the end. Do not become Manilovs and always "dreaming". Start now. Right now;
- Believe in yourself and your business. You will be dissuaded. Many if not all. Acquaintance, relatives, friends. Listen to yourself. Strive to be calm and confident in your choice and decision. Discuss and defend your choice calmly and with dignity. Be confident in your product or service. You must be the first to believe in success and you will be the first in business;
- Your business must be relevant. Make sure that your business is important and necessary not only for you, your friends, investors and shareholders. Your business should be relevant to as many people as possible;
- Don't be afraid of mistakes. There is no life or business without mistakes. Don't be afraid to make mistakes, but don't repeat them. Learn from mistakes. Draw conclusions and, based on these conclusions, make adjustments to the business. Read a lot and learn from the mistakes of others. It's cheaper;
- Discover opportunities. In oneself, in people, in situations, etc. Opportunities are always there. Many simply do not see them or do not want to see them. Do not be afraid of the difficulties of the absence of opportunities. Think, look and find opportunities. I assure you they are always there. There are really a lot of them;
- There is no one way for everyone. There are many ways to make a million dollars. But there is no single and suitable recipe for everyone. Everything is very individual and much depends on the personal qualities, character traits and upbringing of the one who earns a million or dreams of it. Tailor the situation to suit your needs, not the other way around. Even if your original plan did not work, this does not mean at all that the second, third ..., tenth will not work;
- Make and execute plans. It is very important to make clear and realistic plans, especially at the start of a business. Have a clear picture of what you will be doing today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, a month from now, and so on. Know what you want to achieve and how you will achieve it. But know and understand that it is not always possible to realize in life what is written “on paper”, as they say: “point to point”. It's not realistic, and probably not necessary. The main thing here is that the changes made to the implementation of the plan do not change or break it radically;
- Understand your business. It is clear that starting a business that you do not understand at all is a mistake that can be costly. But even if you are starting a business that you are well versed in, do not stop. Constantly learn, learn more about your business and related areas. Know what is causing supply and demand in your business and control these processes. Control costs and management. Control all the main things that can somehow affect your business. Chat and chat with other business owners similar to yours. Don't lock yourself into your business;
- Understand financial matters. Understand and control. Control your company's income and expenses. Understand how, when and how much you will personally earn, and how much your company will earn. Do your best to personally understand financial indicators of his business despite the fact that the company employs an accountant or even several accountants. Knowing the real indicators and figures, you will know where your business is now and where it will go in the future, which means you can quickly influence its path if necessary;
- Know and respect your customers. Your business will exist and develop if it has customers, buyers, consumers of your offers. And, of course, satisfied customers. No other is given. If you are unable to run your company in such a way that you have many satisfied customers, you will not be successful. If you do not understand what your and potential customers want, you will also fail. Find out constantly what your customers want, what problems they have and think about how to solve these problems. Understand why consumers are not satisfied with the services or products of your competitors? Find out why satisfied? Offer cheaper and better quality. keep constant feedback with your customers and get feedback from them about the work of your company. When they are disappointed, it will be too late. Talk, as soon as possible, personally with each client. Take care and respect them all. Even those who are not very pleasant or irritate you. Remember: there are no friends and personal preferences in business. In business, there is a customer and a profit;
- Get out of your comfort zone. Entrepreneurship is a challenge. A challenge to your prevailing comfort, slender and measured rhythm of life. Entrepreneurship is always a loss of existing comfort and risk, since there is no comfortable and calm life with risk. It is important to understand this. Achieves success in business only a brave entrepreneur and risking wisely!;
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