Project activities in kindergarten according to the Federal State Educational Standard. A project in a dow or a project activity in a kindergarten. Joint activities of children with a teacher

Tatyana Egorova
Project activities as a means of implementing the GEF in preschool educational institutions

Introduction

Entering the transitional period that the entire education system is going through, including preschool education, it positively perceives the new strategic guidelines outlined in GEF. The priority direction in the work is the implementation of innovative pedagogical technologies in the organization of educational activities of preschoolers, including the method project activities, how means of implementation new educational standards.

Method projects used in working with children, starting with the youngest preschool age. This form of interaction between a child and an adult allows you to develop cognitive abilities, the personality of a preschooler, as well as relationships with peers. It allows me to define the tasks of learning, to form the prerequisites for cognitive activity, skills and abilities in accordance with the main lines of development.

Project activity unfolds in a problem situation and is carried out through an integrated teaching method. The variability of using the integrated method is quite diverse, in which the content should cover the following educational areas:

Social and communicative development;

cognitive development;

Speech development;

Artistic and aesthetic development;

Physical development.

Project activity reflects the following aspects of the social situation of the development of a preschool child age:

subject-spatial developing educational Wednesday;

nature of interaction with adults;

nature of interaction with other children;

the system of the child's relationship to the world, to other people, to himself.

At the stage of introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard (GEF) there was a need to connect the system and activity approach to training and education. A systematic approach is an approach in which the educational system is considered as a set of interrelated elements. The activity approach makes it possible to realize the principle of consistency in practice. The main idea of ​​the system activity approach lies in the fact that the main result of education is the ability and readiness of the student to effective and productive activities in all sorts of social situations.

The search for new forms of work has led to the widespread use of the method project activities. Method usage project activities in preschool education allows you to form an active life position of children, develop creative thinking, the ability to independently, in various ways, find information about an object or phenomenon of interest and use the knowledge gained to subsequently create new objects of reality. In addition, the method projects makes the educational system dow open for immediate participation of parents in the pedagogical process.

Method projects allows you to move from traditional relay knowledge transfer to active learning methods. A active activity- the most successful type of perception of information. According to psychological research, a person remembers about 10% of what he hears, 50% of what he sees, and 90% of what he does.

Method projects was briefly reflected in the pedagogical ideas of the progressive teachers of Russia at the beginning of the last century - P. F. Kapterev, P. P. Blonsky, A. S. Makarenko, S. T. Shatsky, V. N. Shulgin, N. K. Krupskaya, M V. Krupenina, E. G. Kagarova. Then, in the second half of the 30s, along with the pedagogical ideas of M. Montessori, it was banned. The method is currently projects increasingly used in the practice of kindergartens.

Relevance

On the present stage development of Russian preschool education Special attention given to development personal qualities preschooler through systemic activity approach. Project activity as a means of implementation this direction ensures the inclusion of each child in an independent cognitive activity, creating an adequate load for everyone. Method project contributes to the development of the following personal qualities: cognitive, emotional, creative potential, communicative competence.

The knowledge acquired by children during project implementation become their property personal experience. Using project as a form of joint development activities of children and adults, preschool teachers organize educational and educational activities interesting creative, productive.

feature project activities in preschool system education is that the child still cannot independently find contradictions in the environment, formulate a problem, determine the goal (intention). Adults need "point" child, to help discover the problem or even provoke its occurrence, to arouse interest in it and "pull in" children in joint project. Therefore, in the educational process of preschool educational institutions project activity is the nature of cooperation in which children and teachers of the preschool educational institution take part, as well as parents and other family members. Parents can be not only sources of information, real assistance and support to the child and the teacher in the process of working on project, but also become direct participants in the educational process, to experience a sense of ownership and satisfaction from their successes and the successes of the child.

Kinds projects: informational, research, gaming, practice-oriented, etc.,

main goal design method in our preschool institution is the development of a free creative personality, which is determined by the tasks of development and the tasks of research children's activities. Tasks of the research activities specific to each age. So, in working with children of primary preschool age, teachers use hints, leading questions. And we provide more independence for children of preschool age.

The step of the educator in working on project:

1. Selecting a topic.

2. Thematic planning for the selected problem for the week, which takes into account all types of children's activities: play, cognitive and practical, artistic and speech, labor, communication, etc.

At the stage of developing the content of GCD, games, walks, observations and other types of activities related to the topic project, educators pay special attention to the organization environments in groups in preschool in general. We understand that Wednesday should be a background to heuristic, search activities to develop curiosity in preschoolers. When the basic conditions for working on project(planning, Wednesday, the joint work of the educator and children begins.

Stages project:

1. Goal setting: the teacher helps the child to choose the most relevant and feasible task for him for a certain period of time.

2. Development project - an action plan to achieve the goal:

Who to turn to for help (adult, teacher);

What sources can you find information from?

What items to use (accessories, equipment);

With what subjects to learn to work to achieve the goal.

The solution to this question can be various Events: reading books, encyclopedias, contacting parents, specialists, conducting experiments, thematic excursions. The proposals received are additions and changes to the already prepared thematic plan educator. It is important that the teacher be flexible in planning, be able to subordinate his plan to the interests and opinions of the children, including children's activities in academic plan, sacrificing some of the planned forms of work. This ability is an indicator of the high professional skill of the educator, his readiness to retreat from existing stereotypes, putting in the first place the inherent value of preschool childhood as a period of life, and only then - as a preparatory stage for the future.

3. Execution project- practical part.

Children explore, experiment, search, create. To activate children's thinking, we offer to solve problem situations, puzzles, thereby developing the inquisitiveness of the mind. It is necessary to create a situation where the child must learn something on their own, guess, try, come up with. Wednesday around the child should be, as it were, unfinished, unfinished. A special role in this case is played by corners on cognitive and practical activities.

4. The final stage of work on project is the presentation project.

The presentation can take various forms depending on the age of the children and the topic. project: with children of senior preschool age, final events are held in various forms. These are quiz games, themed entertainment, design of albums, photo newspapers, exhibitions, mini-museums.

During the months, weeks, days, the following were introduced in the preschool educational institution: projects:

Cognitive research projects: "Young meteorologist" "Wintering Birds", "Water".

2. Role-playing project"Seven kids and a wolf", result - showing the staging of the fairy tale on the NVK channel Bihikchaen.

3. Information - practice - oriented projects: "Suntaar - min toroobut ​​dodum", "Decorative applied art SAHA people", "Sakha rub ah", "The ABC of Health", "Let's decorate our yard with flowers", "Dolls of the Peoples of the World", "Road alphabet", « "I and my family".

4. Creative projects in kindergarten : "Herringbone - green needle"(Christmas tree made of different materials, "Yakut musical instruments", "Cosmonautics", "Do-it-yourself toys", to the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory « Military equipment times of the Patriotic War".

Project

The relevance of research

Until recently, the pen had only one function, like a writing instrument - to print the text we need on paper. Today its possibilities have increased. There were pens using the latest achievements in the field of IT-technologies. A modern pen can serve as a music player, can send letters to addresses. In this regard, interest arose in the study of the stages of development of the pen.

Name project"History of the Development of the Ballpoint Pen"

View project Information and research

Developers project Egorova Tatyana Sergeevna, Ivanova Nadezhda Romanovna

Participants Children, parents senior group, preschool teachers

Target project Highlight the stages of development of a ballpoint pen

Tasks project 1. Highlight the historical stages in the development of objects for writing to a ballpoint pen.

2. Identify the disadvantages and advantages of the existing writing instruments.

3. Give comparative characteristic writing with different tools.

4 Prepare children to review the latest pen inventions using advances in information technology.

Deadlines and stages project implementation Short-term

Stage 1: informational and organizational (entering the problem, accepting the task, getting used to the game situation

Stage 2: practical (research, experimentation, GCD, video conversations, fairy tales, stories, games, artistic creation.)

Stage 3: final (presentation, exhibition of pens)

Expected and final results 1. Children will receive more information about the development of writing subjects.

2. They will characterize the letter with different tools.

3. Present their model of the pen of the future.

4. Children are ready for the new project"The Invention of IT Handles"

Project activity, based on a student-centered approach to training and education, contributes to the development of individual creative activities teachers in the development of strategies, tactics and technology of the educational process, contributes to the personal development of pupils, provides high-quality results of pedagogical activities.

This method affects not only and not so much the intellectual sphere of children, but also feelings, emotions, attitudes towards the world around them, their own value orientations. An atmosphere of trust is created in which children feel safe enough to think freely and express their opinions. There is no stereotype "Do like everyone else", "Tell me how everything is" etc.

Method projects can be adapted to everyone age groups, it is only necessary to take into account the psychological and physiological characteristics of children, to understand the interests of preschoolers at this stage. (E. S. Evdokimova).

joint project activity helps parents to master some of the pedagogical techniques necessary in family education; objectively evaluate the capabilities of their children and cooperate with them as equal partners.

Method projects in working with preschoolers today is an optimal, innovative and promising method that should take its rightful place in the system of preschool education

Literature:

1. Veraksa N. E., Veraksa A. N. Project activities of preschoolers. Handbook for teachers of preschool institutions. - M.: Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008. - 112 p.

2. Danyukova A. Do you love projects? //Hoop. - 2001. - No. 4.

3. Evdokimova E. S. Project as a motivation for knowledge // Preschool education. - 2003. - No. 3.

4. Komratova N. G. Project method in the socio-cultural education of preschoolers// Preschool education. - 2007. - No. 1.

5. Komratova N. G. Project activity: culture and ecology // Preschool education. - 2007. - No. 2.

6. Educational projects in kindergarten. Manual for educators / N. A. Vinogradova, E. P. Pankova. – M.: Iris-press, 2008. – 208 p. - (Preschool education and development).

7. Project method in activity preschool institutions: A manual for leaders and practitioners of preschool educational institutions / Ed. - compiled by: L. S. Kiseleva, T. A. Danilina, T. S. Lagoda, M. B. Zuykova. - 3rd ed. pspr. and additional - M.: ARKTI, 2005. - 96 p.

8. Shtanko I.V. Project activity with older preschool children. // Management of a preschool educational institution. 2004, no. 4.

Svetlana Sidorova
Sample project writing for preschool teachers

I. Introduction…

2. Relevance project...

3. Goals, objectives, expected results and products…

4. Abstract project...

5. Stages of implementation program project...

6. Action Plan…

7. Resources...

8. Risks and ways to overcome risks ...

9. Conclusions...

10. Literature ....

Introduction

your TEXT

Project ultimately focused on solving one main problem - ....

project the object of study is provided, which are the conditions ...., the subject of activity is the process ...

2. Relevance of creation project

your TEXT

That is why it is important to develop project...

Upbringing modern child and his cognitive abilities is a priority, the most important task of preschool pedagogy, especially in modern conditions, since any country needs personalities (describe which ....

3. Goals, objectives, expected results and products

Strategic goal: creating favorable conditions for ...

Tactical targets

1. Create...

2. Form ....

3. Organize...

Expected results

4. Abstract

your TEXT

This project the following ideas:

In accordance with FGT project based on scientific principles building:

SELECT THE REQUIRED PRINCIPLES FOR PROJECT

The principle of developing education whose purpose is the development of the child. Developmental character education is realized through the activity of each child in the zone of its proximal development;

Combination of the principle of scientific validity and practical applicability;

Unity educational, developing and learning goals and objectives of the process education preschool children, in the process of implementation of which such knowledge, skills and abilities are formed that are directly related to the development of preschool children;

The principle of integration educational areas(physical culture, health, safety, socialization, work, knowledge, communication, reading fiction, artistic creativity, music) in accordance with age capabilities and characteristics pupils, specifics and possibilities educational areas;

Solution of software educational tasks in the joint activities of an adult and children and independent activities of children not only within the framework of direct educational activities, but also when conducting regime moments in accordance with the specifics of preschool education;

Building educational process on age-appropriate forms of work with children. The main form of work with children of preschool age and the leading activity for them is the game.

Principles of humanization, differentiation and individualization, continuity and consistency education.

Reflection of the principle of humanization in draft program means:

Recognition of the uniqueness and originality of the personality of each child;

Recognition of unlimited opportunities for the development of the personal potential of each child;

Respect for the personality of the child by all participants educational process.

Differentiation and individualization education and education ensures the development of the child in accordance with his inclinations, interests and capabilities. This principle is implemented through the creation of conditions for education and education of each child, taking into account individual features its development.

Implementation of the continuity principle education requires communication of all levels of preschool education, starting from early and younger preschool age to older and preparatory groups for school. Priority in terms of continuity education is to ensure by the end of preschool childhood such a level of development of each child that will allow him to be successful in primary school. Compliance with the principle of continuity requires not only and not so much the mastery of a certain amount of information and knowledge by children, but the formation in a preschooler of the qualities necessary for mastering educational activities - curiosity, initiative, independence, arbitrariness, etc.

Solutions project:

CHOOSE WHAT YOU NEED

Think out « image of the future» , present a model of what they are going to create;

Take into account the requirements and opinions of all participants in the future being created;

Develop a system for implementing ideas based on real

practices and capabilities of a particular preschool educational institution;

Assess implementation risks project.

5. Stages of implementation draft program

Implementation project designed for __ weeks: With «_» ___ on «_» ___

No. Stages Purpose Timing

1. Preparatory design stage

2. Practical stage

3. Summarizing - productive stage

6. Action plan

№ p / p Name of events Terms Responsible

Stage 1 - Preparatory- design stage

Stage 2 - Practical stage

Stage 3 - Summarizing - productive stage

7. Resource support of the program

Legal Resources

Law of the Russian Federation "About education»

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On approval of the Rules for the provision of paid educational services in the field of preschool and general education» from 07/05/2001

CHARTER DOW

SanPiNs 2.4.1.2660-10

The concept of continuous content education(preschool and elementary)

Law Russian Federation "About education» edited federal law dated 01.12.2007 No. 309-FZ

Order of the Ministry education and science of the Russian Federation from 23.11.2009 No. 655 “On the approval and implementation of federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational preschool programs education».

Human Resources

To work in The project involves....

By the educational qualification of the project team is as follows:

Total teachers education Secondary specialized education Incomplete higher education education Non-specialists

So way, educational the qualification of preschool teachers is quite high, able to organize upbringing and education at a sufficient level.

By age limit:

Up to 30 years Up to 40 years Up to 50 years Over 50

By teaching experience activities:

Up to 5 years Up to 10 children Up to 15 years Up to 25 years More

So way, professional level of the teacher (s) high enough.

Informational resources

Educational and methodical resources:

Methodical cabinet fund:

Library;

Game library;

Audio library;

Music library.

Logistics resources:…

Financial resources

Financing project is being made....

Object of financing project

All financial and economic activities are aimed at the implementation of this project SELECT REQUIRED

Item No. Name of events Estimated cost

1 Acquisition:

Sample Core Preschool Programs education;

Methodological support of programs;

Literature on the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard in DO 1,000 rubles

2 Buy:

paper "Snow Maiden";

Printer;

Files. 4 000 rubles

3 Scientific consulting 500 rubles

4 Internet resources 900 rubles

5 Media subscription:

Newspaper "Preschool education» , Publishing House "First of September";

Magazine "Preschool upbringing» ;

Magazine "Hoop". 2 500 rubles

TOTAL 8 900 rubles

Evaluation criteria project

CHOOSE YOUR REQUIRED

1. Satisfaction of parents with the result work of preschool educational institution(the conditions created, the level of preparation of the child for school, the interest of the child in educational process).

2. Compliance with the conditions for teaching preschoolers to the norms of SanPiN.

3. Awareness of parents about the organization educational and educational preschool process.

4. Replenishment and improvement of MTB based on a comparison of MTB at the beginning and end of the year.

5. Delayed result: success pupil preschool in elementary school.

8. Risks and ways to overcome risks

Risks Ways to overcome risks

9. Conclusions:

Project should become a powerful impetus to the development of the creative initiative of preschool pedagogical teams dealing with childhood problems. ….

your TEXT

Generally project with children and parents, from my point of view, has a progressive character and will not only allow ...., but will also give impetus to development ....

Dear colleagues! We bring to your attention a project template for filling with any content. The project has long been included in the system of the kindergarten. Probably there is not a single educator who has not used at least once in his pedagogical activity this wonderful method.

A template (or template) will help you quickly collect and organize information on your chosen project topic. Of course, the proposed sections can be supplemented at your discretion.

Project name

Project Description

Program content:

• expand children's knowledge about ...
• make children feel...
• building a belief about...
• bring up …
• expand knowledge about...
• teach...

Project relevance

Reveal the relevance of the need to consider this issue. It is desirable to end with the formulation of the contradiction.

Thus, the contradiction that has arisen, on the one hand, the importance and necessity of familiarizing children with ..., the formation of ... in children, and on the other hand, the lack of purposeful, systematic work led to the choice of the project topic.

Project object : …

Project subject : …

Objective of the project : to expand children's knowledge about ..., to form children's feelings ..., to form ..., to educate ....

Project objectives :

• to familiarize educators with modern methodological literature on ...;
• conduct a cycle of classes and events on the topic;
• organize an exhibition of children's drawings;
• to acquaint children with literary, artistic and musical works on the subject;
• develop information sheets for parents with recommendations for familiarizing children with ...;
• prepare by joint efforts of children and parents ...;
• systematize literary and illustrated material on the topic ...:
• hold the final event … .

Execution term : specify how many weeks (months).

Project participants : children, educators, music director, parents.

Necessary materials : … .

Intended product of the project : event …; Exhibition creative works children; presentation ... (compiled by the joint efforts of children and their parents); developed recommendations for teachers to familiarize children with ...; systematized literary and illustrated material on the topic ...; developed recommendations for parents.

Bibliography: …

Project content

Stages of project implementation

Preparatory stage	main stage	The final stage
- setting goals, determining the relevance and significance of the project;- selection of methodological literature for the implementation of the project (magazines, articles, abstracts, etc.); - selection of visual and didactic material; fiction, reproductions of paintings; organization of the developing environment in the group.	– familiarization of children with fiction;- conducting interviews; − consideration of pictures and conversations on their content; − conducting classes; − holding an event; - listening and discussion of musical works; - drawing with children on ... topics; − creation and presentation.	– analysis of project results.

Work plan

the date		Participants	Responsible
Preparatory stage
Mon.	1. Setting goals, determining the relevance and significance of the project.2. Selection of methodological literature for the implementation of the project (magazines, articles, abstracts, etc.).	Senior group teachers	Senior teacher (methodologist)
Tue Wed Thu.	1. Selection of visual and didactic material; fiction; didactic games, developing conversations.2. Development of recommendations for educators of the senior group. 4. Selection of reproductions of art paintings on ... themes.
Fri.	1. Organization of a developing environment in a group of older preschoolers (placement of reproductions of paintings, posters of the Great Patriotic War)
main stage
Mon.	1st half of the day:1) reading and discussion of literary works; 2) consideration of paintings and posters on ... topics. 2nd half of the day: 1) conversation "Children about ...";	Children, parents, teachers	Senior group teachers
Tue	1st half of the day:1) reading and discussion of literary works about ...; 2) occupation "...". 2nd half of the day: 1) listening to songs about ...; 2) examination of paintings and posters.	children, educators	Senior group teachers

Information support of the project

detailed information, which can be useful when preparing a project, when working with parents, teachers and children.

Key Concepts

To reveal the basic concepts of the project.

Methodological support of the project

• Conversation materials
• Educational event "…"
• indicative plan lessons "… "
• Recommendations for teachers and parents
• Questionnaire for parents "…"

Poetry

Books for children

Pictorial works for review and discussion with children

Sazonova A.

USING THE PROJECT METHOD IN THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF A PRESCHOOL TEACHER

In the context of the modernization of domestic education, Russian preschool educational institutions(hereinafter DOE) are restructuring their work in accordance with new regulatory documents: the Strategy for Innovative Development of Russia for the period up to 2020; Priority national project "Education"; National educational initiative "Our new school”, Federal Law “On Education”, Federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program of preschool education and others. Formation new system education holds a reference point to the global space and requires significant changes in pedagogical theory and practice of preschool educational institutions, as well as pedagogical technologies. Consequently, the pedagogical process in a preschool educational institution should be organized through the choice of the most effective means of training and education, which, in turn, requires the widespread introduction of innovative forms and methods in educational activities which is carried out within the walls of the kindergarten.

Today, traditional education is being replaced by productive learning, the main goal of which is the development of creative, communicative and organizational skills, the formation of preschoolers' interest and need for active creative activity. That is why one of the methods that contribute to solving this issue is the design method.

The word "project" comes from the Latin word projects, which means thrown forward, protruding, protruding forward, and in Greek, this word means the path of research. And so, a project is an idea, an idea, an image, embodied in the form of a description, justification of calculations that reveal the essence of the idea and the possibility of its practical implementation.

The project method in the activities of preschool institutions is considered in detail in the scientific works of T.A. Danilina, L.S. Kiseleva, T.S. Ladogi, where this method is understood as a variant of the integrated method of teaching preschoolers, as a way of organizing the pedagogical process, based on the interaction of the teacher and the pupil, a phased practical activity to achieve the goal.

Today this term associated with the concept of "problem", in this regard, the project method is understood as a set of educational and cognitive techniques with which you can solve a particular problem as a result of independent actions of students, in this case preschoolers, with the obligatory presentation of these results.

Thus, the essence of the project method is to stimulate the interest of children in certain problems, for the solution of which it is necessary to have knowledge, and through project activities to show the application of this knowledge in practice. This allows us to consider this method as an innovation in preschool education, the activity between the teacher and preschoolers will be in the nature of cooperation, where other subjects of the educational process, for example, parents, can also take part. Consequently, the project method makes the educational system of the preschool educational institution open to the active participation of children and their parents, and its main goal is the development of a free creative personality, which is determined by the development tasks and research activities of children, where adults are assistants and guide this activity.

The process of using the project method in preschool educational institutions has its own specifics, for example, an adult needs to guide a child, help to detect a problem, provoke its occurrence, arouse interest in it and involve children in a joint project, while the participation of parents is minimal here, guardianship and assistance should be in moderation . The educator acts as an organizer of children's productive activities, he is a source of information, a consultant, an expert. As a result of such work, an independent, proactive, active personality of the child develops. The method of projects with preschoolers today is an innovative and promising method that should take its rightful place in the system of preschool education.

And so, before moving on to the main stages of the project method in the activities of a preschool teacher, it is necessary to consider preparatory work, where the teacher defines the problem, the topic, carries out thematic planning for the selected problem for a certain period (week, month), which should take into account all types of children's activities: play, labor, cognitive-practical and others.

The stages of the project method include such as: goal setting, development of an action plan, work on the project, presentation of the project.

The stage of project development (goal setting), where the educator brings the problem up for discussion by the children, then a hypothesis is put forward, which the teacher invites the children to confirm in the process search activity.

The stage of developing an action plan to achieve the goal, where in the process of discussion the teacher must take into account the individual, age characteristics of preschoolers. So, for example, for children of younger preschool age, the teacher can use a hint, leading questions, and older preschoolers need to be given more independence. As a result, at the end of this stage, the teacher makes changes to his thematic plan.

The stage of work on the project (practical part), where children independently and / or together with an adult implement an action plan to achieve the goal.

Presentation of the project (summing up), where work can be carried out in various forms depending on the age of the children and the topic of the project: albums, games - quizzes, photo exhibition, newspapers and more. The teacher, together with the children, spends a reflective moment on the results of the work, and also determines the tasks for new projects.

It should be noted that the implementation of project activities in preschool educational institutions is carried out in a playful way, by including children in different kinds creative and practically significant activity, in direct contact with various objects social environment(excursions, meeting people different professions, games on objects of the social environment, practically useful deeds). The main goal of the project method in preschool institutions is the development of a free creative personality of the child, which is determined by the tasks of development and the tasks of research activities of children.

Using the project method in working with preschool children solves a number of important tasks:

ensuring the psychological well-being and health of children;

development of cognitive abilities;

development of creative imagination;

development of creative thinking;

development of communication skills.

There are various classifications of projects used by the teacher preschool in working with children. In practice, the following types of projects are most used:

research and creative: children experiment, and then the results are drawn up in the form of stands, dramatization, children's design;

role playing :( with elements creative games when children enter the image of the characters of a fairy tale and solve the problems posed in their own way);

information - practice - oriented: children collect information and implement it, focusing on social interests (design and design of the group, stained-glass windows, etc.);

creative:(formatting the result in the form children's holiday, children's design, for example, "theatrical week").

Given the age-related psychological characteristics of preschoolers, project coordination should be flexible, i.e. the educator unobtrusively directs the work of the children, organizing the individual stages of the project. The project can be implemented in any association of preschoolers (in a group, subgroup, simultaneously in several groups, throughout the institution, between several institutions, with the involvement of parents of preschoolers attending preschool educational institutions, in the community of the microdistrict, can be divided into several age levels of their implementation).

E. Evdokimova identifies 3 levels of development of project activities

Imitative-performing (3.5-5 years), which is characterized by the child's lack of life experience, insufficient level of development of intellectual and creative abilities, does not allow full independence in choosing a problem and solving it. Also, this level is characterized by the active role of an adult, the child is the customer of the project (through their interests and needs). The child is fascinated by the process of joint activities with an adult. The kid is involved in the planning of activities, the implementation of the plan. Then there is a joint analysis of the implementation of the project, the experience of the result. The first attempts to solve the problem on their own should be encouraged.

Developing (5 - 6 years), implies the accumulation of some social experience: the experience of communicating with peers, a variety of joint activities; independence, arbitrariness, self-control, self-esteem develop, preschoolers are able to adequately evaluate their actions and the actions of their peers. Accept the problem, clarify the goal. Able to choose the necessary means to achieve the result of the activity, independently find a problem that can become Starting point project. The help of an adult is insignificant, differentiated.

Creative (6-7 years), on which all aspects of the child's personality are intensively formed: moral, intellectual, emotional-volitional, effectively-practical. The role of an adult is the development and support of the creative activity of children, the creation of conditions that allow them to independently determine the goals and content of the upcoming activity. Choose ways to work on the project and organize it, determine the prospects for development.

Thus, the use of the project method in working with preschoolers is a topical issue today. The project method helps children to master the surrounding reality, activates the independent cognitive activity of children, develops their creative abilities, the ability to generalize and systematize, and also contributes to the development of mental processes in preschool children.

Bibliographic list:

1. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%F0%EE%E5%EA%F2

2. Kiseleva L.S. Project method in the activities of a preschool institution: A guide for leaders and practitioners of preschool educational institutions. [Text] / L.S. Kiseleva, T.A. Danilina, T.S. Lagoda, M.B. Zuykova. - M.: ARKTI, 2006. - 96 p.

3. Pedagogical design in preschool educational institutions: from theory to practice. - M .: TC Sphere, 2010. (Supplement to the journal "Management of preschool educational institutions").

4. Evdokimova E.S. Design technology in DOU.M., 2008.

Project activities of a teacher in a preschool educational institution in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard

Introduction

Modern pedagogy has significantly changed the attitude of adults towards children. The level of development of the child becomes a measure of the quality of the work of the teacher and the entire educational system as a whole. Teachers of preschool educational institutions are guided not only by preparation for school, but also by the preservation of a full-fledged childhood in accordance with the psychophysical characteristics of a developing personality. Adults should not only pay attention to the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities of a preschooler and his adaptation to social life, but also to teach through a joint search for solutions, to provide the child with the opportunity to independently master the norms of culture. Design technology is a unique means of ensuring cooperation, co-creation of children and adults, a way to implement a student-centered approach to education. Designing is a complex activity, the participants of which automatically, without a specially proclaimed didactic task on the part of the organizers, master new concepts and ideas about various spheres of life. A project in a preschool educational institution is a method of pedagogically organized development by a child environment through a phased and pre-planned practical activities to achieve the intended goals. The project method originated in the 1920s in the United States and is associated with the development of the humanistic trend in philosophy and education.. For the first time about"Method projects » spoke John Dewey (1859-1952, Americandemocrat teacher , author of more than a thousand books and articles on philosophy, psychology, ethics, politics. Heproposed to build training on the basis of the student's expedient activity, in accordance with his personal interest.

Continued by Professorpedagogy teacher's college at Columbia University, William Hurd Killpatrick (1871-1965, who developed« project-based learning system » ( "method projects » ). Its essence was that children, based on their interests, together withteacher perform their ownproject , solving any practical, research problem. Involving in this way, in the realactivity they acquired new knowledge.“...Children love to search, to find themselves. That is their strength." , - wrote A. Einstein; a"...creativity is a kind of search activity" , argued V. S. Rotenberg and that “the child should be looked at not as a student, but as a small"seeker of truth" , it is necessary to maintain and nourish in him the spirit of the restless search for truth, to cherish the awakened thirst for knowledge, ”wrote K. N. Wentzel. Material taken for granted is usually easily and quickly forgotten, but if the child develops a thought on his own, having independently mastered new knowledge, then this thought will become his property.

Word« project » borrowed from Latin and means"thrown forward" , "protruding" , "conspicuous" . Now this term is associated with the concept"problem" .

Project Method as a Pedagogical Technology

The project method as a pedagogical technology is a set of research, search, problematic methods that are creative in nature, that is, it is based on the development of children's cognitive skills, the ability to independently construct their knowledge, navigate the information space, develop critical and creative thinking.

Project work is of great importance for the development of the child's cognitive interests. During this period, there is an integration between the general methods of solving educational and creative problems, the general methods of mental, speech, artistic and other activities. Through the integration of various areas of knowledge, a holistic vision of the picture of the world around is formed.

The collective work of children in subgroups gives them the opportunity to express themselves in various types of role-playing activities. A common cause develops communicative and moral qualities.

The main purpose of the project method is to provide children with the opportunity to independently acquire knowledge in solving practical problems or problems that require the integration of knowledge from various subject areas.

It follows from this that the chosen topic is “projected” onto all educational areas offered both in the FGT and the Federal State Educational Standards, and on all structural units of the educational process, through various types of children's activities. Thus, it turns out a holistic, and not broken into parts, educational process. This will allow the child to "live" the topic in different types activities, without experiencing the difficulty of moving from subject to subject, to assimilate a larger amount of information, to comprehend the connections between objects and phenomena.

Project - This is a set of actions specially organized by adults and performed by children, culminating in the creation of creative works.

Project method - a learning system in which children acquire knowledge in the process of planning and performing ever more complex practical tasks - projects. The method of projects always involves the decision by the pupils of someProblems .

The project method describes a set of actions of the child and the ways (techniques) of organizing these actions by the teacher, that is, it ispedagogical technology

The main thesis of the modern understanding of the project method, which attracts manyeducational systems lies in the understanding by children why they need the knowledge they receive, where and how they will use it in their lives.

It is very easy to remember and understand that the project is 5 "P":

Problem;

Design or planning;

Search for information;

Product;

Presentation.

Easy to remember - five fingers. The sixth "P" is a portfolio, which contains accumulated materials (photos, drawings, albums, layouts, etc.).

Classification of thematic projects in preschool educational institutions

Currently, projects in the preschool educational institution are classified according to the following criteria:

1. According to the activity dominant in the project:

Research - creative

role-playing

Creative

Informational (practice-oriented)

2. By subject area :

Monoprojects (one educational area)

Integrative (two or more educational areas)

3. By the nature of coordination:

Direct

Hidden

4. By nature of contacts:

With pupils of the same group

With pupils of several groups

With pupils of the entire preschool educational institution

5 . By duration of the project (depending on the degree of interest of children, the teacher determines):

Short term (1 – 3 weeks)

Medium duration (up to a month)

Long-term (from a month to several months)

6. By topic

Creative

Informational

Gaming

Research

7. By composition of participants

Individual

Group

Frontal

Types of projects in the preschool educational institution:

Creative

After the implementation of the project, the result is presented in the form of a children's holiday.

Research

Children conduct experiments, after which the results are drawn up in the form of newspapers, books, albums, exhibitions.

Gaming

These are projects with elements of creative games, when children enter the image of fairy tale characters, solving problems and tasks in their own way.

Informational

Children collect information and implement it, focusing on their own social interests (designing a group, separate corners, etc.).

Basic requirements for using the project method in kindergarten:

At the heart of any project is a problem, the solution of which requires an exploratory search;

obligatory components of the project: children's independence (with the support of a teacher), co-creation of children and adults;

development of children's communication skills, cognitive and creative skills.

The main goal of the project method in the preschool educational institution is the development of the free creative personality of the child, which is determined by the tasks of development and the tasks of the research activities of children.

General developmental tasks specific to each age:

ensuring the psychological well-being and health of children;

development of cognitive abilities;

development of creative imagination;

development of creative thinking;

development of communication skills.

Developmental tasks in early preschool age :

the entry of children into a problematic game situation (the leading role of the teacher);

activation of the desire to look for ways to resolve the problem situation (together with the teacher);

formation of the initial prerequisites for search activity (practical experiments).

Development tasks in senior preschool age :

formation of prerequisites for search activity, intellectual initiative;

development of the ability to determine possible methods for solving a problem with the help of an adult, and then independently;

formation of the ability to apply these methods, contributing to the solution of the task, using various options;

development of the desire to use special terminology, conducting a constructive conversation in the process of joint research activities.

main goaldesign method in the preschool educational institution is the development of the free creative personality of the child, which is determined by the tasks of development and the tasks of researchchildren's activities .

General development tasks specific to eachage :

* Ensuring the psychological well-being and health of children;

* development of cognitive abilities;

* development of creative imagination;

* development of creative thinking;

* development of communication skills.

Development tasks in primary preschoolage :

* the entry of children into a problematic game situation(leading role teacher ) ;

* activation of the desire to look for ways to resolve the problem situation(together with teacher ) ;

* the formation of the initial prerequisites of the search engineactivities (practical experiences) .

Development tasks in senior preschoolage :

* formation of search engine prerequisitesactivities , intellectual initiative;

* development of the ability to determine possible methods for solving a problem with the help of an adult, and then independently;

* the formation of the ability to apply these methods, contributing to the solution of the problem, using various options;

* development of the desire to use special terminology, maintainingconstructive conversations during a joint researchactivities .

5. The teacher acts as the organizer of the children's productiveactivities , he is a source of information,consultant , expert. He is the main leaderproject and subsequent research, gaming, artistic, practice-orientedactivities , coordinator of individual and group efforts of children in solving the problem. The transition of a preschool institution toproject method of activity is usually carried out according to the followingstages :

* classes with the inclusion of problematic situations of children's experimentation, etc.;

* complex block-thematic classes;

* integration : partial or complete;

* methodprojects as a form of organization educational space; as a method of developing creative cognitive thinking.

The work plan of the educator for preparationproject could be :

1. Based on the studied problems of children, set a goalproject .

2. Develop a plan to achieve the goal(the plan is discussed with parents) .

3. Involvement of specialists in the implementation of the relevant sectionsproject .

4. Drawing up a plan-schemeproject .

5. Collection, accumulation of material.

6. Inclusion in the planclass project , games and other types of children'sactivities .

7. Homework for self-fulfillment.

8. Presentationproject , open class.

Main steps of the methodprojects include :

- Goal setting : teacher helps the child to choose the most relevant and feasible task for him for a certain period of time.

Developmentproject - action plan to achieve the goal :

*Whom to ask for help(adult, teacher ) ;

* in what sources you can find information;

* what items to use(accessories, equipment) ;

* with what subjects to learn to work to achieve the goal.

Performanceproject - practical part.

Summing up - defining tasks for newprojects .

So the methodprojects in working with preschoolers today is an optimal, innovative and promising method that should take its rightful place in the system of preschool education. Method usageproject in preschool education as one of the methods of integrated education of preschoolers, it can significantly increase the independent activity of children, develop creative thinking, the ability of children to independently find information about an object or phenomenon of interest in various ways and use this knowledge to create new objects of reality. It also makes the educational system of the preschool educational institution open to the active participation of parents. The specifics of using the methodprojects in preschool practice is that adults need"point" child, to help discover the problem or even provoke its occurrence, to arouse interest in it and"pull in" children in jointproject . Based on a student-centered approach to education and upbringing, in the end, it should contribute to the development of individual creativeactivities of teachers in the development of strategies, tactics and technology of the educational process, to promote the personal development of pupils, to ensure high-quality resultspedagogical activity .

The prospect of the methodprojects in the DOW system lies in the fact that it makes it possible to develop observation and analysis of phenomena, comparison, generalization and the ability to draw conclusions, creative thinking, the logic of knowledge, inquisitiveness of the mind, joint cognitive-search and researchactivities , communication and reflective skills and much more, which are the components of a successful personality

An approximate structure for the preparation by teachers of a report on a completed project in a preschool educational institution using the system web of the project

1. Title page - project name, project type, project time frame, project author.

2. Project theme and its origin.

3. Project objectives (educational, developing and upbringing): for children, for teachers (not only for educators, but, possibly, for music leaders, sports leaders, speech therapists, etc.), for family members.

4. System web of the project.

5. Expected results of the project: for children, for teachers, for family members.

6. Summary of the project:

* The preparatory stage - the actions of children, the actions of teachers, the actions of family members

* Activity stage - the actions of children, the actions of teachers, the actions of family members

* The final stage - the actions of children, the actions of teachers, the actions of family members

7. Project product description : for children, for teachers, for family members

8. Project presentation - demonstration of the project products to others (here it is appropriate to place photos of the project product).

Tips project educator

Deeply study the subject of the project, prepare a subject-spatial developing environment.

Create game motivation based on the interests of children and their emotional response.

Introduce children to a problem situation that is accessible to their understanding and based on their personal experience.

To interest each child in the subject of the project, to support his curiosity and steady interest in the problem.

When drawing up a joint plan for working with children on a project, support children's initiative.

Tactfully consider all the options for solving the problem proposed by the children: the child should have the right to make a mistake and not be afraid to speak out.

Observe the principle of consistency and regularity in the work on the project.

During the work on the project, create an atmosphere of co-creation with the child, using an individual approach.

Develop children's creativity and imagination.

Creative approach to the implementation of the project; to orient children to the use of accumulated observations, knowledge, impressions.

Unobtrusively involve parents in joint work on the project, creating a joyful atmosphere of joint creativity with the child.

The final stage of the project is to carefully prepare and conduct its presentation by all participants.

AT junior groups the choice of the project is carried out by the educator, based on the interests of the children or diagnostic data.
In groups of senior preschool age, the choice of the topic of the project can be carried out by both the teacher and the children in accordance with their desires and level of development. Children are participants in planning, their questions, ideas, suggestions and life experiences are important criteria for selecting the content of the project..

Questionnaire for parents Dear parents! Please answer the questions: 1. Are you interested in working with group educators? _____________________________________________________________ 2. What do you consider the most important in the upbringing and development of a child? a) intellectual development b) health c) education moral qualities personality d) development of creative abilities Complete your answer: ___________________________________________ 3. Are you ready to take part in joint activities with children? _____________________________________________________________ 4. What forms of work with families do you consider the most effective? 5. Do you consider it necessary to acquaint children with folk art? ____________________________________________________ 6. Do you have enough information about Bazhov's tales and natural resources of the Urals to answer the child's questions? ________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ How often do you and your child: arrange joint holidays? do you attend concerts? Do you visit a museum or library? What books do you read and do you discuss what you read? watch TV together? _____________ ________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your cooperation! 2Dewey J. School and