Engineer stoker of a solid fuel boiler house. Instructions on labor protection for the driver (fireman) of the boiler room Complex of works for the driver of boiler plants

02.06.2021

Reading 23 min. Views 107 Updated 09.12.2019

Pension provision for drivers (stokers) of a coal-fired boiler house

In accordance with subparagraph 2 of paragraph 1 of Article 27 federal law"On labor pensions in Russian Federation» dated 12/17/2001 173-FZ, an old-age labor pension is granted to men upon reaching the age of 55 and to women upon reaching the age of 50 if they have worked in jobs with difficult working conditions for at least 12 years 6 months (men) and 10 years (women) and have insurance at least 25 and 20 years of experience, respectively.

In the event that these persons have worked at the listed jobs for at least half of the established period and have the required length of insurance experience, they are assigned a labor pension with a decrease in age (for men - 60 years, for women - 55 years) by one year for every 2 years and 6 months of such work for men and for every 2 years of such work for women.

When establishing early pensions for this reason List No. 2 of industries, jobs, professions, positions and indicators with harmful and difficult working conditions, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR of 01.26.1991, is applied. No. 10. Section XXXIII " General Professions» of the above List, the drivers (stokers) of the boiler house (on coal and oil shale), including those employed in the removal of ash, are provided.

For the period up to January 1, 1992. List No. 2 of industries, workshops, professions and positions, work in which gives the right to a state pension on preferential terms and in preferential amounts, approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of August 22, 1956, can be applied. N 1173.

Section XXXII "General Professions" of this List provides for machinists (stokers) employed in the maintenance of industrial boilers and industrial furnaces.

When determining the right to preferential pension provision for boiler house drivers (stokers), the following must be borne in mind. The driver (fireman) of the boiler room is the full name of the profession (ETKS; issue 1). In accordance with the ETCS, the driver (fireman) of the boiler house maintains hot water and steam boilers, both in the boiler room and separately located (including on steam railway cranes), as well as heating network boiler installations or crumpled steam stations located in the service area of the main aggregates. All of these jobs are eligible for retirement benefits. A prerequisite for assigning a pension under List No. 2 to a boiler engineer (fireman) is the maintenance of solid fuel boilers (coal and oil shale).

This circumstance must be confirmed by documents in each specific case. Workers who are engaged in servicing water-heating and steam boilers (including in boiler rooms) operating on liquid and gaseous fuels or with the help of electric heating are assigned the name of the profession "Boiler Operator", which is not provided for in Lists No. 1 and No. 2.

To determine the right to preferential pension provision for the driver (fireman) of the boiler house, it does not matter the heat output of hot water and steam boilers, which can be either less than 3 Gcal / h, or more than 130 Gcal / h, as well as the purpose for which steam and water are produced (for technological or household needs).

2.1. Before starting work, the driver (fireman) must put on the personal protective equipment that is due to him according to the standards so that there are no hanging, fluttering ends.

2.2. When starting work, the driver (fireman) must accept boilers and boiler room equipment from the previous shift; personally inspect and check their serviceability (the position of taps and valves, the condition of safety devices, etc.).

2.3. When inspecting the boiler, electric lighting with a voltage of no higher than 12 V should be used. It is forbidden to use kerosene or other lamps with flammable liquids, as well as torches.

2.4. The driver (fireman) is obliged to record the shift reception in the logbook. During his duty, the driver (fireman) is responsible for the condition of the boiler room equipment and for the normal operation of the boilers.

2.5. The driver (fireman) should not allow unauthorized persons into the boiler room.

2.6. The boiler room must have a constant supply of air to maintain normal combustion and timely ventilation to avoid gas poisoning.

3. Safety requirements during operation

3.1.During the operation of the boilers, the doors of the boiler room, if there are people in it, must not be closed. The exit from the boiler room in winter must be cleared of snow and ice.

3.2. Kindling of the boiler must be carried out only with the permission of the head of the educational institution.

3.3. If the boiler is fired up again, it is necessary:

- before closing the manholes and hatches of the boiler, it is necessary to make sure that there are no people and foreign objects inside the boiler and gas ducts;

Check the condition of the boiler lining, the presence and serviceability of fittings, instrumentation, make-up, feed and circulation pumps, as well as explosive valves of the furnace and gas ducts;

Check the presence of the necessary pressure in the supply water line according to the pressure gauge, the serviceability of the make-up valve and the check valve on the make-up line.

3.4. Repair of boiler room equipment and transportation of fuel may be allowed to an employee only if there are two or more drivers (stokers) in the shift.

3.5. Kindling of the boiler should be carried out with open valves between the boiler and the system gradually with the circulation pump turned on, while observing the readings of instrumentation (thermometers, pressure gauges).

3.6. The driver (fireman) must not leave the boiler unattended if there is fire in the furnace. Each time leaving the boiler room, the driver (fireman) is obliged to stop the blowers and smoke exhausters.

3.7. During the operation of the hot water boiler, the driver (fireman) is obliged:

- constantly maintain the required temperature of the water in the heating system;

- monitor the filling of the system with water;

- check the operation of safety valves at least 1 time per shift, monitor the operation of circulation pumps, motors, fans;

- if malfunctions are detected, try to restore the normal course of work in compliance with personal safety measures. In the absence of such an opportunity, inform the person responsible for ensuring the safety of the boiler room.

3.8. During operation, the driver (fireman) must comply with the following basic safety requirements:

- do not turn on electrical equipment in the absence of protective equipment(insulating supports, protective grounding, etc.);

- do not operate the equipment of the boiler room in the absence of a fence for moving and rotating parts (belts, couplings, shafts, etc.)

- beware of burns when removing slag and coal from the furnace, when pouring hot slag and when throwing the flame out of the furnace;

- if smoke passes from the boiler into the boiler room, stop the boiler, ventilate the room and find out the reason for the cessation of draft.

3.9. If it is necessary to stop the boiler as soon as possible after the combustion of fuel (coal) in the furnace has stopped, remove the heat from the grate, leaving the damper and furnace doors open. Heat and ash removed from the firebox, carefully pour water;

3.10. It is forbidden to carry out kindling with faulty measuring and safety devices;

3.11. Works on the internal cleaning of boilers and chimneys should be carried out only by two people, to help each other. The admission of people into the boiler, furnace, chimneys, installation and removal of plugs, opening of valves must be carried out with the permission of the person responsible for the operation of the boiler room, with entry in the logbook.

3.12. Before opening the furnace door, stop blowing so that the flame is not thrown out of the furnace;

3.13. In the event of a power outage, immediately turn on emergency lighting and turn off all electric motors.

3.14. The driver (fireman) is obliged to immediately stop the boilers and notify the person responsible for working in the boiler room in cases specifically specified in the job description.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. In the event of an emergency in the boiler room or another emergency outside the boiler room, but in the immediate vicinity of it, the driver (fireman) is obliged to report it to the immediate supervisor or representative of the administration of the institution, in case of fire - to the fire department. The driver (fireman) himself must remain at his post and not leave the boiler room.

4.2. If the emergency situation is related to the boiler room, then after sending messages (see above), the personnel must take measures to extinguish the fire with the available fire extinguishing equipment, without stopping monitoring the boilers.

4.3. For the most possible types of emergency situations in the boiler room, emergency action plans should be developed and studied by the personnel in advance.

4.4. If it is impossible to quickly eliminate the fire and it threatens the boilers, it is necessary to stop the boilers in an emergency, while it is necessary to pour water on the boilers intensively, drain the water from the hydraulic seal, while simultaneously directing steam into the atmosphere, let water into the system of hot water boilers and take measures to extinguish hotbed of fire.

4.5. Boiler room personnel must know the location of property, fire extinguishing equipment in the boiler room and be able to use them.

4.6. The driver (fireman) must be able to provide first aid injured in emergency situations; the type of assistance and methods of rendering depends on the nature of the damage to the victims.

4.8.When various types traumatized victims, as a rule, are delivered to medical institutions. The exception is cases of full preservation of the normal functioning of the human body, without loss of ability to work.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. At the end of the shift, if the shifter did not show up for work, the driver (fireman) must continue to work, notifying the immediate supervisor or representative of the administration of the institution of the absence of the shifter.

2. When the shift is handed over, the driver (fireman) is obliged to inform the shifter about all the malfunctions noticed while working in the boiler room. The delivery of the shift must be recorded in the logbook.

5.3. When accepting and handing over a shift, both drivers (firemen) sign in the log, and the condition of the equipment should be specially noted.

5.4. After that, the driver (fireman) must take a shower with the obligatory use of neutral detergents.

5.5. Personal protective equipment must be processed and placed in a locker for special clothing.

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Boiler operator (fireman)

§ 194. Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room (2nd category)

Job Description. Maintenance of hot water and steam boilers with a total heat output of up to 12.6 GJ / h (up to 3 Gcal / h) or maintenance in the boiler room of individual hot water or steam boilers with a boiler heat output of up to 21 GJ / h (up to 5 Gcal / h), operating on solid fuel. Maintenance of boilers of steam railway cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 25 tons. Kindling, starting, stopping boilers and supplying them with water. Crushing of fuel, loading and skimming of the boiler furnace. Fuel combustion control. Monitoring of the water level in the boiler, steam pressure and temperature of the water supplied to the heating system using instrumentation. Starting, stopping pumps, motors, fans and other auxiliary mechanisms. Cleaning of fittings and appliances of the boiler. Servicing of heating network boiler installations or crumpled steam stations located in the service area of the main units, with a total heat load of up to 42 GJ/h (up to 10 Gcal/h). Cleaning of crumpled steam and deaeration of water. Maintenance of the set pressure and temperature of water and steam. Participation in washing, cleaning and repairing the boiler. Manual removal of slag and ash from furnaces and bunkers of steam and hot water boilers of industrial and municipal boiler houses and blowing gas generators, as well as from grates, furnaces, boilers and blowing steam locomotives. Layout of slag and ash dumps.

Must know: the principle of operation of serviced boilers, nozzles, steam and air pipelines and methods for regulating their operation; installation of furnaces for steam boilers, slag and ash bins; the composition of heat-insulating masses and the main methods of thermal insulation of boilers and steam pipelines; purpose and conditions for the use of simple and medium complexity instrumentation; arrangement of mechanisms for the preparation of pulverized fuel, tools and devices for cleaning nozzles and ash and slag removal; device and modes of operation of the equipment of heat network boiler installations or crumpled steam station; rules for cleaning grates, furnaces and boilers of the smoke box of steam locomotives; permissible pressure and water level in the steam locomotive boiler during cleaning; the influence of atmospheric air on the condition of the walls of the furnace and fire box; the procedure for filling the furnace; basic properties of ash and slag; the order of movement along the tracks and roads of railway cranes; rules for planning slag and ash dumps.

§ 195. Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room (3rd category)

Job Description. Maintenance of hot water and steam boilers with a total heat output of more than 12.6 GJ / h to 42 GJ / h (over 3 to 10 Gcal / h) or maintenance in the boiler room of individual hot water and steam boilers with a boiler heat output of more than 21 to 84 GJ / h (over 5 to 20 Gcal/h) operating on solid fuel. Maintenance of boilers on steam railway cranes with a lifting capacity of more than 25 tons or boilers of steam excavators. Starting, stopping, regulating and monitoring the operation of traction and ash removal devices, stoker, economizers, air heaters, superheaters and feed pumps. Maintenance of heating network boiler installations or a crumpled steam station located in the service area of the main units, with a total heat load of more than 42 to 84 GJ / h (over 10 to 20 Gcal / h). Ensuring the smooth operation of the boiler equipment. Starting, stopping and switching of serviced units in heat pipelines. Accounting for heat supplied to consumers. Mechanized removal of slag and ash from furnaces and bunkers of steam and hot water boilers of industrial and municipal boiler houses and blowing gas generators. Loading ash and slag using mechanisms into trolleys or wagons with their transportation to a specified place. Monitoring the correct operation of ash and slag removal mechanisms, lifting and transport equipment, alarms, instruments, equipment and fencing devices. Washing away slag and ash with special devices. Participation in the repair of serviced equipment.

Must know: arrangement of the equipment and mechanisms used; methods of rational combustion of fuel in boilers; schemes of heat, steam and water pipelines and external heating systems; the procedure for accounting for the results of equipment operation and heat supplied to consumers; the importance of timely removal of slag and ash for the normal operation of boilers; rules for the maintenance of serviced equipment and ways to eliminate shortcomings in its operation; types of serviced boilers; rules and methods of loading and transporting ash and slag; systems - lubrication and cooling of serviced units and mechanisms; rules for keeping records of the operation of mechanisms and equipment for ash and slag removal; the device of simple and average complexity of control and measuring devices.

§ 196. Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room (4th category)

Job Description. Maintenance of hot water and steam boilers with a total heat output of over 42 to 84 GJ/h (over 10 to 20 Gcal) or maintenance in the boiler room of individual hot water and steam boilers with a boiler heat output of over 84 to 273 GJ/h (over 20 to 65 Gcal/h) operating on solid fuel. Monitoring of the water level in boilers, pressure and temperature of steam, water and flue gases using instrumentation. Regulation of operation (load) of boilers in accordance with the steam consumption schedule. Fuel monitoring. Servicing of heating network boiler installations or crumpled steam stations located in the service area of the main units with a total heat load of more than 84 GJ / h (over 20 Gcal / h). Prevention and troubleshooting of equipment.

Must know: device and rules for servicing boilers, as well as various auxiliary mechanisms and fittings of boilers; basic information on heat engineering, various fuel mixtures and the influence of fuel quality on the combustion process and the heat output of boiler units; fuel preparation process; specifications on the quality of water and methods of its purification; causes of malfunctions in the operation of the boiler plant and measures for their prevention and elimination; device, purpose and conditions for the use of complex instrumentation.

§ 197. Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room (5th category)

Job Description. Maintenance of hot water and steam boilers with a total heat output of over 84 to 273 GJ/h (over 20 to 65 Gcal/h) or maintenance in the boiler room of individual hot water and steam boilers with a boiler heat output of over 273 to 546 GJ/h (over 65 to 130 Gcal/h) h) working on solid fuel. Switching feed lines. Filling and emptying steam lines. Turning on and off the automatic equipment for feeding boilers. Preventive inspection of boilers, their auxiliary mechanisms, instrumentation and participation in scheduled preventive maintenance of boiler units. Acceptance of boilers and their auxiliary mechanisms from repair and their preparation for operation.

Must know: device and principle of operation of hot water and steam boilers various systems; operational data of boiler equipment and mechanisms; arrangement of automatic control devices; rules for maintaining the operating mode of the boiler room, depending on the readings of the instruments; schemes of pipeline networks and signaling in the boiler room; rules for setting up and regulating instrumentation.

§ 198. Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room (6th category)

Job Description. Maintenance of hot water and steam boilers of various systems with a total heat output of more than 273 GJ / h (over 65 Gcal / h) or maintenance in the boiler room of individual hot water and steam boilers with a boiler heat output of more than 546 GJ / h (over 130 Gcal / h) operating on solid fuel.

Must know: design features complex instrumentation and automatic control devices; calorific value and physical properties fuel; elements of the fuel balance of boilers and its compilation; rules for determining the coefficient useful action boiler plant.

This instruction on labor protection for the driver (fireman) of the boiler room is available for free viewing and downloads.

1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION

1.1. To perform work by profession, a boiler operator (fireman) (hereinafter referred to as a boiler operator) is allowed for workers at least 18 years old who have undergone a medical examination, who have no contraindications for health reasons, who have the necessary theoretical and practical training, who have passed introductory and primary briefings at the workplace on labor protection and training according to a special program, certified by the qualification commission and received admission to independent work.
1.2. The boiler operator must periodically, at least once a year, undergo an examination of knowledge of labor protection requirements and obtain a permit for work of increased danger.
1.3. The boiler operator, regardless of qualifications and length of service, at least once every three months, must undergo a re-instruction on labor protection; in case of violation by the boiler room operator of labor safety requirements, during a break in work for more than 30 calendar days, he must undergo an unscheduled briefing.
1.4. The boiler room operator, admitted to independent work, must know: the device of the equipment and mechanisms used. Rules for the maintenance of serviced equipment and ways to eliminate shortcomings in its operation. Rules, norms and instructions for labor protection and fire safety. Rules for the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment. Methods of first aid in case of accidents. Rules of the internal work schedule organizations.
1.5. The boiler operator must be aware that in order to check the condition of the boilers, ensuring their safe operation, all boilers must be subject to periodic technical examination, which consists of external, internal inspections (at least once every 4 years) and a hydraulic test (at least once every 8 years). years), and may also be subject to an extraordinary survey.
1.6. After each cleaning of internal surfaces or repair of boiler elements, but at least every 12 months, external and internal inspections of the boilers must be carried out.
1.7. The boiler operator, sent to participate in work unusual for his profession, must undergo targeted training on labor protection in the performance of upcoming work.
1.8. The boiler room operator is prohibited from using tools, fixtures and equipment, the safe handling of which he is not trained.
1.9. The boiler operator has the right to service only solid fuel boilers.
1.10. When transferring the operator to service boilers operating on liquid or gaseous fuels, the boiler operator must undergo additional training and testing knowledge of the device and the safe operation of boilers operating on liquid or gaseous fuels.
1.11. During work, the boiler operator can be adversely affected mainly by the following dangerous and harmful production factors:
- surfaces of boiler equipment heated to a high temperature, hot water, steam;
- unsatisfactory microclimatic conditions (high temperature, low air humidity);
- flowing jets of hot water, steam from pipelines under pressure;
- increased concentration of harmful substances in the air working area(for example, products of combustion of fuel);
— risk of explosion and fire;
- flying fragments, elements, parts of boiler equipment (for example, as a result of an explosion);
- the location of the workplace at a considerable height relative to the surface of the earth;
— falling tools, details;
- increased slip (due to oiling, moistening of the surfaces along which the driver moves);
- sharp edges, burrs, roughness on the surface of tools, boiler equipment, components, etc.;
- increased level of infrared radiation, noise;
- insufficient illumination of the working area;
- an electric current, the path of which, in the event of a short circuit, can pass through the human body.
1.12. The boiler operator during work must use overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment against the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors.
1.13. To prevent the possibility of a fire, the boiler room operator must comply with the fire safety requirements himself and prevent violations of these requirements by other employees; Smoking is allowed only in specially designated areas.
1.14. The boiler operator is obliged to observe labor and production discipline, internal labor regulations; it should be remembered that the use of alcoholic beverages, as a rule, leads to accidents.
1.15. If an accident occurs with any of the employees, then the victim must immediately provide first aid, report the incident to the manager and maintain the situation of the incident, if this does not create a danger to others.
1.16. The boiler operator, if necessary, must be able to provide first aid, use a first aid kit.
1.17. To prevent the possibility of diseases, the boiler operator should follow the rules of personal hygiene, including washing hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating.
1.18. The boiler operator who has committed a violation or non-compliance with the requirements of the labor protection instructions is considered as a violator of production discipline and may be held disciplinary liable, and, depending on the consequences, even criminally liable; if the breach involves causing material damage, then the perpetrator may be held liable in the prescribed manner.

2. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

2.1. Before starting duty, the boiler operator must read the entries in the shift log and check the serviceability of the serviced boilers and related equipment, as well as the serviceability of emergency lighting and alarms.
2.2. Acceptance and surrender of duty must be recorded in a shift log indicating the results of checking the boilers and auxiliary equipment, water-indicating instruments, signaling devices for limiting water levels, pressure gauges, safety valves, nutritional devices and automation equipment.
2.3. Before starting any work inside the boiler connected to other operating boilers by common pipelines (steam, feed, drain, drain line, etc.), as well as before inspection or repair of pressure elements, if there is a risk of burns to people steam or water, the boiler must be separated from all pipelines by plugs.
2.4. Before opening hatches and hatches located within the water space, water from the elements of boilers and economizers must be removed; opening hatches and hatches, as well as repairing boiler elements, is only allowed when there is a complete absence of pressure.
2.5. Before starting work inside the boiler furnace, a work permit must be issued; at the same time, the air temperature inside should not be higher than 50-60 0С; the stay of the same worker inside the boiler at these temperatures should not exceed 20 minutes.
2.6. Before starting work, the furnace must be well ventilated and lit, and signs must be posted on valves, valves and dampers when disconnecting sections of pipelines: “Do not turn on, people are working.”
2.7. Before starting work in the boiler, make sure that portable lamps are powered by a voltage of no higher than 12 V.
2.8. Before closing hatches and manholes, it is necessary to check whether there are people or foreign objects inside the boiler.
2.9. In the process of preparing for the kindling of the boiler unit, the boiler operator should do the following:
2.9.1. Ensure that fuel and feed water are available in sufficient quantity.
2.9.2. Inspect the boiler and make sure that there is no dangerous damage.
2.9.3. Check the serviceability of instrumentation, fittings, power supplies, as well as the presence of natural draft.
2.9.4. Fill (through the economizer) the boiler with feed water.
2.9.5. Make sure that the plugs before and after the safety valves are removed.
2.9.6. Make sure that there are no people or foreign objects in the furnace.
2.10. Before kindling the boiler, the furnace must be ventilated for 10-15 minutes by opening the furnace doors, blower, dampers to regulate the air supply and turn on the smoke exhausters and fans.
2.11. Immediately before firing up the boiler, once again check the correct opening and closing of valves, gate valves, dampers (gates).

3. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK

3.1. The boiler room driver during duty should not be distracted from the performance of the duties assigned to him and the requirements of this instruction.
3.2. Kindling of boilers should be carried out only if there is an order recorded in the shift log by the head of the boiler room.
3.3. Boilers should be fired up within the time specified in the order, with low fire, reduced draft, closed steam valve and open safety valve or air vent.
3.4. Before lighting the boiler, it is necessary to check the presence of water in the boiler using water-indicating glasses and ventilate the furnace and gas ducts.
3.5. Having completed all the measures to prepare the boiler for kindling, you need to throw coal into the furnace and kindle it with burning coal taken from the furnace of a working boiler, or with dry wood.
3.6. The use of flammable liquids (gasoline, kerosene, etc.) when kindling the boiler is not allowed.
3.7. The kindling of the boiler should always be carried out at low heat with reduced draft.
3.8. When kindling the boiler, it is necessary to ensure uniform heating of its parts and turn on the device for heating water in the lower drum of the boiler in advance.
3.9. During the whole time of kindling, it is necessary to check whether the water in the economizer is heating up.
3.10. When steam starts to escape from the open safety valve or air valve, it is necessary to bring the safety valve into normal working condition, close the air valve (cock) and turn on the superheater purge, then increase the draft, increase combustion in the furnace, check the proper operation of the fittings, blow out the water gauges and monitor the water level in the boiler.
3.11. Tightening of bolts, studs, manholes, hatches, hatches during the kindling of the boiler must be done with great care, only with a normal key, without the use of extension levers, in the presence of a person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the boilers.
3.12. The kindling of the boiler is carried out until the permitted working pressure in the boiler is reached, i.e. the pointer of the pressure gauge reaches the red line, then the melted boiler is prepared for inclusion in the common steam line.
3.13. Before putting the boiler into operation, the following steps must be taken:
3.13.1. Boiler purge.
3.13.2. Checking the correct operation of safety devices (valves), pressure gauge, water-indicating devices and feeding devices.
3.13.3. Checking the readings of reduced water level indicators against direct-acting water level indicators installed on the boiler drum.
3.13.4. Checking and switching on safety automation, signaling devices and automatic boiler control equipment.
3.14. It is forbidden to put into operation boilers with faulty water-indicating devices, pressure gauges, feeders, fittings, safety valves, safety automatics and emergency protection and alarm systems.
3.15. The inclusion of the boiler in the steam pipeline, which is inoperative, should be done slowly, after thorough heating and purging of the steam pipeline.
3.16. When the boiler is connected to a steam pipeline that is in operation, the pressure in the boiler must be equal to or somewhat lower (no more than 0.5 kgf / cm2) of the pressure in the steam pipeline, while combustion in the furnace should be reduced; if at the same time shocks or hydraulic shocks occur in the steam pipeline, it is necessary to immediately stop the boiler from turning on and increase the steam pipeline purging.
3.17. As the boiler load increases, the blowdown of the superheater should be reduced, and when it reaches about half of the normal load, it should be stopped.
3.18. The start time of kindling and the time the boiler is put into operation must be recorded in the shift log.
3.19. During the duty, the boiler house operator must monitor the health of the boiler and all equipment of the boiler room and observe the established mode of operation of the boiler; malfunctions detected during the operation of the equipment should be recorded in a shift log.
3.20. The boiler room operator must take immediate measures to eliminate malfunctions that threaten the safe and trouble-free operation of the equipment; if it is impossible to eliminate the malfunctions on your own, then it is necessary to inform the head of the boiler room about this.
3.21. Special attention while working, please contact:
3.21.1. Furnace operating mode.
3.21.2. Maintaining a normal water level in the boiler and uniform supply of water to it; at the same time, the water level must not be allowed to fall below the permissible lower level or rise above the permissible upper level.
3.21.3. Maintaining normal steam and feed water pressure; increasing the pressure in the boiler above the permitted one is not allowed.
3.21.4. Maintaining the temperature of the superheated steam and feed water after the water economizer.
3.21.5. Safety valves and their maintenance.
3.21.6. Boiler purge.
3.22. When using a manual firebox, it is necessary to throw solid fuel on the grate to produce quickly, without leaving the furnace doors open for a long time.
3.23. The frequency of injections and the amount of injected fuel depends on the load of the boiler, the type of fuel and the size of its pieces.
3.24. Throwing should be done more often, but in small portions.
3.25. As the firebox works, the slag layer gradually increases, so it is necessary to cut through the slag, passing with a crowbar along the grate.
3.26. If there is so much slag accumulated that the slot does not help, then it is necessary to start cleaning the firebox.
3.27. The duration of the period between furnace cleanings depends on the ash content of the fuel, the design of the furnace and on the maximum thrust or blast force.
3.28. When manually cleaning the furnace, slag and ash coming from the furnace into the bunker must be filled with water in the bunker itself or in the trolley.
3.29. The release of unfilled slag and ash from the bunker, their removal with fire to the landfill is prohibited.
3.30. Operation of boilers with faulty or unadjusted safety valves is prohibited; it is forbidden to jam the safety valves or additionally load them.
3.31. It is forbidden to purge the boiler with a faulty purge valve, open and close the valve with blows from a hammer or other objects, as well as with the help of elongated levers; the time of the beginning and end of the boiler blowdown should be recorded in a shift log.
3.32. It is forbidden to caulk rivet seams, weld elements of the boiler, etc. during the operation of the boiler.
3.33. All devices and devices for automatic control and safety of the boiler must be maintained in good condition and checked regularly.
3.34. Stopping the boiler in all cases, with the exception of an emergency stop, must be carried out by a written order of the head of the boiler room.
3.35. When stopping the boiler, perform the following operations:
3.35.1. Maintain the water level in the boiler above the middle operating position.
3.35.2. Stop the fuel supply to the furnace.
3.35.3. Disconnect it from the steam pipelines after the complete cessation of combustion in the furnace and the cessation of steam extraction; if, after disconnecting the boiler from the steam pipeline, the pressure in the boiler rises, it is necessary to increase the blowdown of the superheater; it is also allowed to make a small purging of the boiler and replenish it with water.
3.35.4. Cool down the boiler and drain water from it.
3.36. During work, the boiler room operator must behave calmly and with restraint, avoid conflict situations that can cause neuro-emotional stress and affect labor safety.
3.37. During work, you should be careful not to be distracted from the performance of your duties.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

4.1. It is not allowed to take and take off duty during the elimination of an accident in the boiler room.
4.2. The operator of the boiler room is obliged to immediately stop the boiler in emergency cases and inform the head of the boiler room about this.
4.3. The boiler operator is obliged to stop the boiler in the following cases:
4.3.1. If more than 50% of safety valves or other safety devices replacing them have ceased to operate.
4.3.2. If the pressure has risen above the permitted value by more than 10% and continues to grow, despite the interruption of the fuel supply, the decrease in draft and the increased supply of water to the boiler.
4.3.3. If there has been a leak of water from the boiler (below the lower edge of the water-indicating glass); filling the boiler with water is prohibited.
4.3.4. If the water level drops rapidly, despite the increased supply of water to the boiler.
4.3.5. If the water level has risen above the upper edge of the water-indicating glass and it is not possible to lower it by blowing the boiler.
4.3.6. If all nutritional devices are discontinued.
4.3.7. If the operation of all water-indicating devices is stopped.
4.3.8. If cracks, bulges, gaps in welds, breaks of two or more adjacent bonds.
4.3.9. If the power supply is interrupted during artificial draft, as well as the elements of the boiler and its lining are damaged, creating a danger to service personnel or the risk of destruction of the boiler.
4.3.10. If there is a fire in the boiler room.
4.4. The reasons for the emergency shutdown of the boiler must be recorded in the shift log.
4.5. If draft appears in rivet joints or in places of pipe rolling, fistulas on pipes, boiler heating surfaces, as well as in case of other damages and malfunctions of the boiler, fittings, pressure gauges, safety devices and auxiliary equipment that do not require immediate shutdown of the boiler, the boiler operator is obliged to immediately inform about it to the head of the section.
4.6. In the event of a fire in the boiler room, the boiler operator must immediately call the fire brigade by phone 101 or 112 and take measures to extinguish it without stopping monitoring the boilers; if the fire threatens the boilers and it is impossible to extinguish it quickly, it is necessary to stop the boilers in an emergency order, intensively feeding them with water and releasing steam into the atmosphere (outdoors).
4.7. In case of an accident, sudden illness, it is necessary to immediately provide first aid to the victim, call a doctor or help deliver the victim to the doctor, and then inform the manager about the incident.
4.8. In case of thermal burns, it is necessary to water the affected areas of the body with a jet of cold water or cover with snow for 15-20 minutes; it reduces pain and the depth of tissue overheating, prevents their swelling; a sterile dressing should be applied to the burned area of \u200b\u200bthe skin using a bandage or gauze.

5. REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY AFTER THE END OF WORK

5.1. At the end of the work, the boiler room operator must put in order workplace, tool.
5.2. The boiler room operator must hand over the duty and make an appropriate entry in the shift log.
5.3. At the end of work, you should remove overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment and put them in the designated storage place, if necessary, hand over for washing and cleaning.
5.4. All problems and malfunctions of the tools and equipment used, as well as other violations of labor protection requirements, noticed in the process of work, should be reported to your immediate supervisor.
5.5. At the end of work, wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and soap, if necessary, take a shower.

The issue was approved by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Labor and social issues and the Secretariat of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated January 31, 1985 N 31 / 3-30
(as edited by:
Decrees of the USSR State Committee for Labor, the Secretariat of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated 12.10.1987 N 618 / 28-99, dated 18.12.1989 N 416 / 25-35, dated 15.05.1990 N 195 / 7-72, dated 22.06.1990 N 248 / 10-28,
Decrees of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR 12/18/1990 N 451,
Decrees of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of December 24, 1992 N 60, of February 11, 1993 N 23, of July 19, 1993 N 140, of June 29, 1995 N 36, of June 1, 1998 N 20, of May 17, 2001 N 40,
Orders of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of July 31, 2007 N 497, of October 20, 2008 N 577, of April 17, 2009 N 199)

Boiler operator (fireman)

§ 194. Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room (2nd category)

§ 195. Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room (3rd category)

§ 196. Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room (4th category)

Must know: device and rules for servicing boilers, as well as various auxiliary mechanisms and fittings of boilers; basic information on heat engineering, various fuel mixtures and the influence of fuel quality on the combustion process and the heat output of boiler units; fuel preparation process; technical conditions for water quality and methods of its purification; causes of malfunctions in the operation of the boiler plant and measures for their prevention and elimination; device, purpose and conditions for the use of complex instrumentation.

§ 197. Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room (5th category)

Must know: device and principle of operation of hot water and steam boilers of various systems; operational data of boiler equipment and mechanisms; arrangement of automatic control devices; rules for maintaining the operating mode of the boiler room, depending on the readings of the instruments; schemes of pipeline networks and signaling in the boiler room; rules for setting up and regulating instrumentation.

§ 198. Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room (6th category)

Must know: design features of complex instrumentation and automatic control devices; calorific value and physical properties of fuel; elements of the fuel balance of boilers and its compilation; rules for determining the efficiency of a boiler plant.

The main document that an employee should familiarize with before starting work in the company, boiler house stokers monitor the correct and reliable operation of boilers, put them into operation, as well as control safety precautions during their use. When hiring, special personal characteristics, including sharp vision, hearing, also a specialist must be attentive, collected and disciplined.

This position is not suitable for a person suffering from cardiovascular diseases, with impaired motor functions, nervous system, or prone to allergic reactions. All this is taken into account when hiring a boiler-house fireman. Job description contains all the other requirements put forward to the employee.

General provisions

An employee accepted for this position belongs to the workers and can be accepted or dismissed from it by order of the director of the organization and in agreement with the head structural unit where he works. A person applying for this job must receive a secondary education. Work experience criteria are not taken into account during the consideration of candidates.

The employee in his work must be guided by the charter of the organization, normative documents, including teaching materials regarding the operation of the equipment, and the job description of the boiler-house operator-fireman. In his absence, the replacement person assumes not only duties, but also full responsibility for the proper performance of the work. An employee may be absent from the workplace due to illness and a number of other reasons.

Knowledge

The worker is obliged to have certain knowledge, including he must have an idea about the structure of all the mechanisms and equipment that he encounters during the performance of his work. Job descriptions for solid fuel boiler house stokers imply that they must understand how to rationalize fuel consumption during the operation of boilers. The worker is obliged to understand the schemes of heating networks of various types.

He must know how to calculate the results of the operation of the devices and keep records of the heat output to the facilities, at what point it is worth servicing the boilers, that is, removing ash and slag to maintain the normal and high-quality performance of the units.

Other knowledge

The job description of the fireman-engineer of the boiler room assumes that he knows how to maintain and care for the equipment, as well as how to eliminate the shortcomings that arise during its operation. Know all types of equipment entrusted to him, according to what principle fuel is loaded into it, how and with what to lubricate and cool boilers, how to keep documentation regarding their work.

Also, the employee is obliged to study (before starting to perform his duties) the device of instrumentation. Moreover, the complexity of this equipment may vary depending on the category of the worker. He must also be familiar with all organizational rules, including fire protection, safety and labor protection.

Responsibilities

The job description of the boiler-house fireman-engineer assumes that he must carry out those working on liquid, solid fuel, or gas. He is also obliged to carry out maintenance of equipment, including boilers equipped with railway cranes or steam escalators.

The employee must start, stop, regulate and monitor the operation of traction devices, stockers, pumps and other equipment entrusted to him. He must carry out maintenance of boiler-type thermal network installations and crumpled steam stations, if any, at the enterprise where he works.

Functions

The job descriptions for stokers of boiler rooms of the 3rd category suggest that it is his responsibility to ensure the maintenance of uninterrupted operation of the devices. He must, using heat pipe diagrams, start, stop or switch units in the boiler room.

The duties of the employee also include accounting for the amount of heat supplied to consumers. The worker removes slag and ash from steam and water-heating boilers, as well as from communal boilers and blew gas generators, using special mechanical devices for this.

The job description of the boiler-house stoker-engineer implies that he must immerse ash and slag into special trolleys or other mechanized devices designed for transportation that are available in the organization in order to transport them from the boiler room.

His responsibilities include monitoring and overseeing that all equipment is working properly and efficiently. If the repair of the equipment entrusted to him is required, the worker is obliged to participate in its implementation, helping specialists from other departments of the enterprise.

Rights

According to what the job description of the coal-fired boiler operator takes into account, the worker has the right to social guarantees prescribed by the laws of the country. If he needs the assistance of his superiors for the proper performance of the duties assigned to him, then he has the right to demand it from the leadership. He also has the right to get acquainted with any decisions of his superiors, if they relate directly to his activities.

If he noticed how the work of the organization can be made more efficient, then he has the right to offer methods for solving the problems found and ways to improve the organization's activities to superiors. He has the right to request the documentation that he needs for work and can improve his qualifications, knowledge and skills by holding the position of a driver at the enterprise.

A responsibility

Taking into account the data contained in the job description of the 2nd category boiler house fireman, the worker is responsible for the illiquid performance of his functions or the complete disregard for the performance of work, and the penalties imposed on him should not go beyond those provided for by the legislation of the country.

He may also be held liable for causing material damage to the company in the course of performing his duties. He can be brought for criminal, labor, administrative and other offenses committed in the course of performing work duties.

Conclusion

Described above general information relating to the boiler room. "The job description may vary depending on the direction of the organization, its scale and individual preferences of senior management regarding what services they want to receive from employees.

The work itself does not require special knowledge or experience, but the employee must have certain personal qualities, without which, in fact, he will not be able to carry out his functions. It is very important when hiring to make sure that the employee does not have diseases that can interfere with his activity or worsen due to working conditions in the right place.

The job description of the boiler-house fireman must be agreed with the higher management, and the worker is obliged to familiarize himself with it before starting to perform his duties.

Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room 2nd category

Job Description.

1. Maintenance of hot water and steam boilers with a total heat output of up to 12.6 GJ / h (up to 3 Gcal / h) or maintenance in the boiler room of individual hot water or steam boilers with a boiler heat output of up to 21 GJ / h (up to 5 Gcal / h), operating on solid fuel.
2. Maintenance of boilers of steam railway cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 25 tons.
3. Kindling, starting, stopping boilers and feeding them with water.
4. Crushing of fuel, loading and skimming of the boiler furnace.
5. Regulation of fuel combustion.
6. Observation by instrumentation of the water level in the boiler, steam pressure and temperature of the water supplied to the heating system.
7. Start, stop pumps, motors, fans and other auxiliary mechanisms.
8. Cleaning of fittings and appliances of the boiler.
9. Maintenance of heating network boiler installations or crumpled steam stations located in the service area of the main units, with a total heat load of up to 42 GJ/h (up to 10 Gcal/h).
10. Purification of crumpled steam and deaeration of water.
11. Maintenance of the set pressure and temperature of water and steam.
12. Participation in washing, cleaning and repairing the boiler.
13. Manual removal of slag and ash from the furnaces and bunkers of steam and hot water boilers of industrial and municipal boiler houses and blew gas generators, as well as from grates, furnaces, boilers and blew steam locomotives.
14. Planning of slag and ash dumps.

Must know:

The principle of operation of serviced boilers, nozzles, steam and air pipelines and methods for regulating their operation;
- arrangement of furnaces for steam boilers, slag and ash bins;
- the composition of heat-insulating masses and the main methods of thermal insulation of boilers and steam pipelines;
- purpose and conditions for the use of simple and medium complexity instrumentation;
- arrangement of mechanisms for the preparation of pulverized fuel, tools and devices for cleaning nozzles and ash and slag removal;
- device and modes of operation of the equipment of heat network boiler installations or crumpled steam station;
- rules for cleaning grates, furnaces and boilers of the smoke box of steam locomotives;
- allowable pressure and water level in the steam locomotive boiler during cleaning;
- the influence of atmospheric air on the condition of the walls of the furnace and fire box;
- the procedure for filling the firebox;
- basic properties of ash and slag;
- the order of movement along the tracks and roads of railway cranes;
- rules for planning slag and ash dumps.

Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room 3rd category

Job Description.

1. Maintenance of hot water and steam boilers with a total heat output of more than 12.6 GJ / h to 42 GJ / h (over 3 to 10 Gcal / h) or maintenance in the boiler room of individual hot water and steam boilers with a boiler heat output of more than 21 to 84 GJ / h (over 5 to 20 Gcal/h) operating on solid fuel.
2. Maintenance of boilers on steam railway cranes with a lifting capacity of more than 25 tons or boilers of steam excavators.
3. Starting, stopping, regulating and monitoring the operation of traction and ash and slag removal devices, stoker, economizers, air heaters, superheaters and feed pumps.
4. Maintenance of heating network boiler installations or a crumpled steam station located in the service area of the main units, with a total heat load of more than 42 to 84 GJ / h (over 10 to 20 Gcal / h).
5. Ensuring the uninterrupted operation of the boiler room equipment.
6. Starting, stopping and switching of serviced units in heat pipelines.
7. Accounting for heat supplied to consumers.
8. Mechanized removal of slag and ash from furnaces and bunkers of steam and hot water boilers of industrial and municipal boiler houses and blowing gas generators.
9. Loading of ash and slag using mechanisms into trolleys or wagons with their transportation to a specified place.
10. Supervision of the correct operation of ash and slag removal mechanisms, lifting and transport equipment, alarms, instruments, equipment and enclosing devices.
11. Washing off slag and ash with special devices.
12. Participation in the repair of serviced equipment.

Must know:

The device of the used equipment and mechanisms;
- methods of rational combustion of fuel in boilers;
- schemes of heat, steam and water pipelines and external heating networks;
- the procedure for accounting for the results of equipment operation and heat supplied to consumers;
- the importance of timely removal of slag and ash for the normal operation of boilers;
- rules for the maintenance of serviced equipment and ways to eliminate shortcomings in its operation;
- types of serviced boilers;
- rules and methods of loading and transporting ash and slag;
- systems - lubrication and cooling of serviced units and mechanisms;
- rules for keeping records of the operation of mechanisms and equipment for ash and slag removal;
- the device of simple and average complexity of control and measuring devices.

Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room 4th category

Job Description.

1. Maintenance of hot water and steam boilers with a total heat output of more than 42 to 84 GJ / h (over 10 to 20 Gcal) or maintenance in the boiler room of individual hot water and steam boilers with a boiler heat output of more than 84 to 273 GJ / h (over 20 to 65 Gcal / h) working on solid fuel.
2. Observation of the water level in boilers, pressure and temperature of steam, water and flue gases using instrumentation.
3. Regulation of operation (load) of boilers in accordance with the steam consumption schedule.
4. Monitoring the fuel supply.
5. Maintenance of heating network boiler installations or crumpled steam stations located in the service area of the main units with a total heat load of more than 84 GJ / h (over 20 Gcal / h).
6. Prevention and elimination of malfunctions in the operation of equipment.

Must know:

The device and rules for servicing boilers, as well as various auxiliary mechanisms and fittings of boilers;
- basic information on heat engineering, various fuel mixtures and the influence of fuel quality on the combustion process and the heat output of boiler units;
- fuel preparation process;
- technical conditions for water quality and methods of its purification;
- causes of malfunctions in the operation of the boiler plant and measures for their prevention and elimination;
- device, purpose and conditions for the use of complex instrumentation.

Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room 5th category

Job Description.

1. Maintenance of hot water and steam boilers with a total heat output of more than 84 to 273 GJ / h (over 20 to 65 Gcal / h) or maintenance in the boiler room of individual hot water and steam boilers with a boiler heat output of more than 273 to 546 GJ / h (over 65 to 130 Gcal/h) operating on solid fuel.
2. Switching feed lines.
3. Filling and emptying the steam lines.
4. Turning on and off the automatic equipment for feeding boilers.
5. Preventive inspection of boilers, their auxiliary mechanisms, instrumentation and participation in scheduled preventive maintenance of boiler units.
6. Acceptance of boilers and their auxiliary mechanisms from repair and their preparation for work.

Must know:

The device and principle of operation of hot water and steam boilers of various systems;
- operational data of boiler equipment and mechanisms;
- arrangement of automatic control devices;
- rules for maintaining the operating mode of the boiler room, depending on the readings of the instruments;
- schemes of pipeline networks and signaling in the boiler room;
- rules for setting and regulating instrumentation.

Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room 6th category

Job Description.

1. Maintenance of hot water and steam boilers of various systems with a total heat output of more than 273 GJ / h (over 65 Gcal / h) or maintenance in the boiler room of individual hot water and steam boilers with a boiler heat output of more than 546 GJ / h (over 130 Gcal / h), operating on solid fuel.

Must know:

Design features of complex instrumentation and automatic control devices;
- calorific value and physical properties of fuel;
- elements of the fuel balance of boilers and its compilation;
- rules for determining the efficiency of a boiler plant.

Professional standard by profession Engineer (fireman) of the boiler room -.