Project 22800 Hurricane small missile ship. All about Karakurt small missile ships. Of the black widows

Modern concept The development of the Russian navy involves the construction of ships of various classes, however, in some details, Russia is a trendsetter in today's shipbuilding. It was the Russian Navy that, with the beginning of the new millennium, began to receive the latest ships of a curious design. Small in displacement and size, the ships possessed enormous firepower. The first trial balloon was the construction of Project 21631 ships of the Buyan type, which in the West were classified as corvettes. continuation successful project steel ships of project 22800, in the design of which it was possible to implement all the latest developments.

The Russian Caliber sea-launched cruise missiles gave a real impetus to the revival of a forgotten class of ships - small missile ships. Small, well-armed ships, capable of operating simultaneously on rivers and at sea, are an effective tool for deterring a military threat. The current Russian corvettes of the Karakurt type, small and powerful ships, are in many ways similar to their predecessors - gunboats. Not distinguished by their large size, armed with powerful artillery, these ships were effective combat weapons in many fleets.

Small rocket ships - Russian know-how

Today, the concept of building small missile ships for the domestic fleet is already being implemented on the basis of real results and facts. The idea is that a river-sea ship with a small displacement can carry weapons of great power. Thanks to the appearance of the Caliber-NK cruise missile, this became possible. In addition, domestic shipbuilders had experience in building small ships of the corvette class. First, there were small artillery ships of project 21630 of the Buyan type, built for the needs of the Caspian military flotilla. Further, the project was developed along the path of strengthening the combat capabilities of the ships. The improved project 21631 of the Buyan-M type already assumed the construction of warships not with conventional artillery, but armed with a strike missile system.

Subsequent successful combat use small missile ships as a striking force only confirmed the leadership of the fleet in the correctness of the chosen path for the development of small forces of the fleet. On October 7, 2015, Kalibr-NK cruise missiles were launched from the small missile ships of the Caspian military flotilla Uglich, Veliky Ustyug and Grad Sviyazhsk against the targets of the Islamic State in Syria. The missiles, having flown 1.5 thousand km, hit the assigned targets. This operation perfectly showed that small ships in the current conditions can be an impressive fighting force. And this despite the fact that given type ships were built advantageously for operation in inland and coastal waters.

It became clear that with some changes to the design of RTOs, these small and formidable vessels would be able to operate in remote maritime theaters. In this case, three weighty arguments were taken into account at once:

• ships of this class can be built at small shipyards;
• high rates of construction of combat ships;
• relatively low cost of construction in comparison with the construction of larger ocean-going ships.

Moreover, due to small missile ships, Russia could significantly increase its naval power on the southern flank in a short period. The project 22800 corvette became the technical solution to the task. These small warships, which have good seaworthiness and huge firepower, can become a serious strike force of the domestic fleet for this period. The new project received the corresponding name - "Karakurt". A small, stealthy ship can deal a fatal blow to any enemy both at sea and on land.

Karakurt is a poisonous spider that lives in arid regions. Despite its small size, the insect can inflict a deadly bite. Spider venom affects the central nervous system, leading to paralysis of the heart muscle and respiratory organs.

The birth of the project and the construction of ships

Project 22800 can be safely called one of the most daring and successful domestic developments in the field of military shipbuilding. The main idea of ​​the project is the creation of a ship of the near sea zone of small displacement with advanced weapons, which includes defensive and strike systems. Based on the previous project of RTOs of the Buyan type, the designers proposed to limit the displacement of new ships to 800 tons. Ships should become universal combat units capable of solving a wide range of combat missions, both as part of a naval formation and independently.

As before, the St. Petersburg Central Design Bureau "Almaz" was involved in the development of the project. This company has vast experience in building warships of all classes and types. The designers tried to use the available engineering and technological developments on previous similar projects. Project 12300 missile boats and Project 21631 small missile ships of the Buyan-M type were taken as a sample. It was planned, using the design of existing ships, to increase the seaworthiness of the new ship. It was supposed to build ships of the new project in three modifications: patrol-guard version, anti-submarine and strike version.

For the first time about new development The general public learned about the domestic defense industry in the summer of 2015, when the model of the new ship was first demonstrated. Five months later, in December of the same year, the first two units of RTOs "Hurricane" and "Typhoon" were laid down. The lead ship was named in memory of the first Russian-built patrol ship Uragan. An order for the construction of new combat ships for the domestic fleet was received by the St. Petersburg shipbuilding plant Pella. The naval command plans to build 18 ships of this class, which will be built at several shipyards at once. For the Pella shipyard, the plans for the coming years include the construction of 7 warships of project 22800, which should use the production facilities of other shipbuilding enterprises. If the first ships were laid in St. Petersburg on production site in Otradnoye, two subsequent serial ships are already being built at the production facilities of the More shipbuilding plant. The construction of the remaining ships in accordance with the State Order was distributed as follows:

• Shipyard "More" Feodosia";
• Shipyard "Zaliv", Kerch;
• Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant Zelenodolsk Republic of Tatarstan;
• Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

The distribution of the state order for the construction of small missile ships was not done by chance. In each individual case, we can say that the construction of ships is carried out as part of the replenishment program for the Baltic, Black Sea and Pacific fleets. Following the first two ships, which should replenish the Baltic Fleet, the shipyards in Otradnoye have already laid down the next two RTOs "Shkval" and RTOs "Storm", the place of service of which has not yet been determined. The first ships that can replenish the Black Sea Fleet should be the ships in the strike version of the "Storm" and "Okhotsk", laid down in Feodosia in 2016-17.

The production capacities of the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant are already loaded with the construction of two "karakurt" RTOs "Musson" and "Passat". Ready to start construction and three other ships, contracts for the construction of which have already been signed. Worked out technological capabilities Amur Shipbuilding Plant to start building a new generation of ships, which, according to the plans of the military naval command, in the amount of 6 units will be transferred to the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Federation.

The construction of new missile ships is being carried out at an active pace. In July-December 2017, it is planned to hand over the first two ships of project 22800 "Hurricane" and its analogue, the missile ship "Typhoon" to the acceptance committee. In this case, the continuity of generations of warships can be traced. Almost 88 years ago, at the Nikolaev shipyard in Leningrad, the construction of patrol ships of the Uragan type began, which at that time became the main core of the young Soviet fleet. Today, the new Project 22800 missile ships continue the glorious tradition of their predecessors.

Features of the ships of project 22800

All vessels of the project, which are currently being built within the framework of State order, should be transferred to the fleets before 2020. The ships to be built in the Far East should be ready by 2022.

According to military experts, RTOs of the Karakurt type are river-sea vessels, which have been improved in accordance with the new operational and tactical situation that has developed on the flanks. In general, the new vessels are universal combat units and should become an important component for strengthening the defense capability of the Russian Federation at sea.

The construction of seaworthy small platforms with a complex of strike weapons can neutralize the threat that has arisen for the Russian naval forces in the European part and the Far East. The missile component, which is the main feature of this project, allows you to cover any targets within a radius of 1500-2000 km. The range of sea-based Kalibr missile systems includes almost all land and sea facilities in Western Europe and on the Pacific coast. From the Caspian Sea area, small missile ships are capable of covering targets in the Persian Gulf area. In other words, having a large grouping of ships of this class, the Russian Navy becomes capable of responding to any external threats.

The main innovation that distinguishes this project is the improved seaworthiness of the vessels. Ships, despite belonging to the "river-sea" class of ships, gravitate more towards corvettes - ships capable of operating freely in the waters of coastal seas. With a relatively modest size: the length of the vessel is 67 meters and the width is 11 meters, the ships can withstand waves of up to 6-7 points. This was facilitated by an increase in the draft of ships up to 4 meters. The range of small missile ships of project 22800 remained the same as that of the corvettes of project 21631 and amounted to 2500 miles. But the autonomy of navigation has increased, which has grown to 15 days.

The hull of the ship also looks interesting. The geometry of the deck superstructures and the contours of the hull are designed taking into account low visibility. As the main structural material used special alloys, capable of reducing the radar visibility of the ship on the radar screens. The presence on the corvettes of the "Karakurt" type of new and advanced radar and navigation equipment makes these ships sighted and secretive.

As for weapon systems, the new ships of the fleet have a combined weapon system. The main focus is on strike anti-ship missile system"Onyx" and on the cruise missiles "Caliber-NK", which ships are equipped with. The vertical launch units are located in the main setup building, just behind the conning tower. Such an arrangement of launchers of missile systems makes it possible to profitably use the remaining deck spaces of the ship. In combination with strike weapons, new ships under construction will be equipped with the Pantsir-M air defense system. Its tasks include the creation of a powerful and effective anti-aircraft defense of the ship from any type of air attack. On the first two ships of RTOs Uragan and Typhoon, the air defense functions are performed by Ak-630M artillery mounts and Igla portable MANPADS.

Finally

The construction of new small missile ships of the Karakurt type brings the Russian Navy into the ranks of the most combat-ready fleets in the world. Despite the small tonnage of the new combat units, the firepower of the fleet will grow noticeably. This applies primarily to regions where foreign political tension is constantly observed. The waters of the Black Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean are currently the key areas of the fleet's operations for Russia. The Syrian crisis, the situation in Ukraine are forcing the Russian command to constantly work to strengthen its naval grouping on the southern flank.

Do not forget about the Far East, where nuclear missile ambitions North Korea threaten the entire region. The growing power of the Chinese Navy is also causing tensions in the Sea of ​​Japan and the East China Sea.

Thanks to the 22800 project, the Russian fleet can significantly increase its fleet within 4-5 years firepower, creating a real counterbalance to the naval forces of other countries in the main operational and tactical areas.

On August 22, during the international forum "Army-2018", a contract was signed for the construction of four small missile ships of the project 22800 (code "Karakurt") between the Ministry of Defense and the Amur Shipbuilding Plant (ASZ). According to the contract, four ships must be delivered to the fleet by the end of 2026. Also on that day, a contract was signed for the construction of two "Karakurt" at the Eastern shipyard in Vladivostok.

Small rocket ship "Uragan"

Starting to write material about these ships, I thought: how many types of small missile ships are being built at Russian enterprises now? The result of the reflections was a variant about two types: projects 21631 Buyan-M and 22800 Karakurt. Perhaps more, there may be all sorts of surprises. Therefore, this material will be about one of the two projects - 22800 "Karakurt", which are currently being built at three domestic plants: at Pella, at the Gulf and at the Sea. Plus, they will soon be joined by the Amur Shipbuilding Plant, which is part of USC, and Vostochnaya Verf.

There is a version that the construction of different types of small missile ships is due to the fact that their use must take place in different conditions: "Karakurt" for operations on the high seas, and "Buyan-M" for shallow seas and large rivers. Vice-Admiral Viktor Bursuk, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy for armaments, told the media about such a mission at one time. But I believe more in another version, the opposite: due to the problems that arose due to the refusal to supply Ukrainian engines to Russia, Buyany-M had to be transferred from the Caspian to the Black Sea, where seaworthiness problems arose. Therefore, it was decided to create another RTO, with improved seaworthiness. And the project of the new RTO, which became Project 22800, was created on the basis of another project of the 1990s - a 500-ton missile and artillery boat of Project 12300 Scorpio.

Small missile ship "Hurricane" project 22800

Small missile ships of project 22800, code "Karakurt", are new Russian multi-purpose missile and artillery ships of small displacement of the near sea zone (according to another classification, small corvettes) of the Russian Navy. They belong to ships of the third rank, and their official purpose is to conduct combat operations in the near sea zone and participate in peacetime tasks.

Project 22800 "Karakurt" was developed at Almaz Central Design Bureau. As mentioned above, it was created on the basis of the project 12300 "Scorpio". The first and only boat of project 12300 was laid down in 2001 on Vympel, but was never completed. The first appearance of the ship was first presented at the international military-technical forum "Army-2015" at the stand of the Central Design Bureau "Almaz".

Small missile ship "Hurricane" project 22800

The laying of the first two ships took place in December 2015 at the Pella enterprise near St. Petersburg. Then two more ships were laid down on the same Pella, three on the Sea, three on the Gulf. Plus, contracts were signed for the construction of two ships at the Zelenodolsk plant named after. M. Gorky, for the construction of four ships at the Amur Shipyard and for the construction of two ships at the Eastern Shipyard. In total, by 2026, 18 RTOs of this project should be built and transferred to the fleet.

Small missile ship "Hurricane" project 22800

The equipment of the ship is the main power plant - diesel-electric, manufactured by the ZVEZDA plant.

Small missile ship "Hurricane" project 22800

The armament includes complexes of strike and anti-aircraft weapons, combat control, detection, target designation, communications systems: launchers of the 3S1 universal ship-based firing system, which supports Caliber missiles.

The artillery armament of the project ships is represented by the AK-176MA and AK-630 installations.

The installation of the Pantsir-M anti-aircraft missile and gun system will begin from the third ship of the project.

Small missile ship "Hurricane" project 22800

Despite its small size, information about the descent of the first spacecraft "Hurricane" got into the foreign media. Thus, a journalist from the German publication Bild drew attention to the fact that Karakurt embodies the new philosophy of Russian military shipbuilding: "maximum efficiency at optimal costs." The journalist called the corvette "small but very efficient."

One of the most important points is that thanks to the development of such relatively small, but very powerful ships, the effectiveness of NATO counteraction is increasing not only at sea, but also on land - they are able to hit almost all sea and land targets in Europe.

In total, by 2026, it is planned to build 18 missile ships of this project. They will be used in the Baltic, Black Sea and Pacific fleets:

Leningrad Shipyard "Pella":
"Hurricane" (z.n: 251) - Since 05/19/2018, it has been undergoing factory sea trials.
"Typhoon" (z.n: 252) - Being completed afloat.
"Squall" (z.n: 253) - Being completed afloat.
"Storm" (z.n: 257) - Under construction.

Shipyard "More":
"Storm" (z.n: 254) - Under construction.
"Okhotsk" (z.n: 255) - Under construction.
"Whirlwind" (z.n: 256) - Under construction.

Shipyard "Zaliv":
"Monsoon" (z.n: 801) - Under construction.
"Passat" (z.n: 802) - Under construction.
"Breeze" (z.n: 803) - Under construction.

Zelenodolsk plant named after A. M. Gorky:
Tornado (z.n: 804) - Under construction.
Tornado (z.n: 805) - Under construction.

"Eastern Shipyard": A contract was signed for two ships. Amur Shipyard: A contract for four ships has been signed.

All ships are in different stages of construction. The closest descent is the descent of the RTO "Storm" on the "Pella". I will continue to closely monitor the topic of their construction and testing, which I will definitely inform you about.

SMALL ROCKET SHIP OF PROJECT 22800 "KARAKURT"
SMALL MISSILE SHIP PROJECT 22800 KARAKURT

23.01.2019


The Ministry of Defense will receive a miniature version of the Zircon hypersonic missile. First of all, she should be armed with small missile ships (RTOs) of the Karakurt and Buyan-M projects. Also, the rocket will be adapted for launches from a special container. Previously, Zircon was supposed to be installed on nuclear cruisers and nuclear submarines, as well as frigates. The appearance of "light" hypersonic missiles will affect the tactics of the Navy. RTOs and submarines, acting from ambushes, will not allow enemy strike groups to approach the Russian coast.
In the Main Command of the Navy, Izvestia was told that the tactical and technical requirements for the new version of the Zircon had already been formed. "Miniature" will not greatly affect the main characteristics of the rocket. In terms of lethal power, it will practically not be inferior to its “big sister”. First of all, "Zircons" should equip RTOs of project 22800 "Karakurt" and RTOs of project 21631 "Buyan-M". Both types of RTOs are equipped with Caliber cruise missiles and Onyx supersonic anti-ship missiles. The appearance of Zircons on board small missile ships will allow them to fight any enemy.
News

COMPACT HYPERSOUND: THE NAVY WILL RECEIVE LIGHTWEIGHT ZIRCON MISSILES



12.02.2019


The project 22800 small rocket ship under construction was named "Mercury" in honor of the heroic brig that fought in 1829 with two Turkish battleships. This was announced by the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy Vladimir Korolev, whose words are quoted by the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper on Monday.
“The name “Mercury” was given to the newest project 22800 small rocket ship under construction, equipped with high-precision weapons. I have already signed the naming order,” said Korolev.
According to him, in this way the tradition laid down by Emperor Nicholas I is being restored to have a ship named after the legendary brig in the fleet. Before the revolution, the name "Memory of Mercury" was borne by three ships of the Black Sea Fleet - a sailing corvette, a sail-propeller cruiser and an armored cruiser of the "Bogatyr" type.
TASS

27.02.2019


In Tatarstan, at the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant for the Russian Navy, the latest small missile ship of project 22800 was laid down.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Vladimir Korolev, the ship was given the name "Cloud".

During the ceremony, a mortgage board (tablet) with the name of the ship and the date of laying was installed on the section of the ship's hull, and a solemn meeting was also held.
As Rear Admiral Vladimir Tryapichnikov, Head of the Naval Shipbuilding Department, noted in his speech at the ceremony, “the laying of a small missile ship equipped with a high-precision weapon system was carried out as part of the extensive serial construction of small missile ships of Project 22800, which have the ability to operate as part of naval force groupings in the sea. zone. It is planned to build about 18 such ships during serial construction. However, the possibility of continuing the series is being considered. The construction of ships of this project will be carried out both here, in the Republic of Tatarstan, and at enterprises in the North-West of Russia and Far East. Along with the construction of small missile ships, the construction of surface ships of a larger displacement will be launched for the Russian Navy in the near term.
According to Rear Admiral Vladimir Tryapichnikov, “The Russian Navy will continue the repair and modernization of large displacement ships that are part of the Navy. This work is being carried out and will allow maintaining the potential of the surface component of the Navy at the required level.”
"Applied latest domestic technologies during the construction of small missile ships of project 22800, they allow replenishing the fleet in high degree efficient ships capable of performing a wide range of tasks. Crews for Project 22800 ships are being trained at the Joint training center Navy under special programs to prepare personnel for the competent and professional operation of new equipment and weapons that ships of this project are equipped with, ”said Rear Admiral Vladimir Tryapichnikov.
Project 22800 ships were developed by the St. Petersburg Central Marine Design Bureau Almaz. They are multi-purpose missile and artillery ships of the sea zone. These ships are distinguished by high seaworthiness. The basis of the armament of the ships of this series is a complex of high-precision missile weapons.
Naval Information Support Group

PROJECT 22800 SMALL ROCKET SHIP "TUCHA" LAYED UP

22.05.2019


As reported from St. Petersburg, on May 20, 2019, the second Sovetsk small rocket ship (serial number 252, the ship retains the former name Typhoon) of project 22800 (code "Karakurt") was sent for factory sea trials (ZHI) , built at JSC Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant Pella (Otradnoye, Leningrad Region). The ship was taken by tugboats from the plant along the Neva to Lake Ladoga, in the waters of which the ZHI will take place. State tests of the small rocket ship (RTO) "Sovetsk" will be carried out in the Baltic Sea.
Project 22800 was developed by Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau JSC (St. Petersburg) and should actually replace project 21631 RTOs (Buyan-M code) developed by Zelenodolsk Design Bureau JSC (the construction of the latter is limited in construction for the Russian Navy) 12 units). It is known that the Russian Navy plans to have at least 18 RTOs of project 22800. The construction of the first seven RTOs of project 22800 is carried out by the Pella plant under the contract received in accordance with the order of the government Russian Federation on the status of this company sole supplier on this project.

https://bmpd.livejournal.com

FACTORY SEA TESTS OF THE SECOND SMALL ROCKET SHIP OF PROJECT 22800 STARTED

27.05.2019
THE FIRST STAGE OF FACTORY SEA TESTS OF PROJECT 22800 SMALL ROCKET SHIP "TYPHOON" IS COMPLETED

The first stage of factory sea trials in Lake Ladoga of the first production small missile ship "Typhoon" of project 22800, building No. 252, has been completed. Upon completion of all necessary tests, the ship will be transferred to the State Customer and commissioned into the Baltic Fleet.
The small missile ship is designed to conduct combat operations in the near sea zone and participate in the performance of tasks in peacetime and wartime independently and in cooperation.

Specifications:
Length about 67 m
Width about 11 m
Displacement standard about 800 tons
Full speed up to 30 knots
Cruising range up to 2500 miles
Armament:
- missile system "Caliber-NK"
- gun mount AK-176MA - 1 set.
- gun mount AK-630M - 2 pcs.
The ship is equipped with modern control systems, electronic weapons, radio communications, navigation, electronic warfare and countermeasures, anti-sabotage weapons, portable anti-aircraft missile systems.
Leningrad Shipyard "Pella"

29.05.2019


The first stage of factory tests of RTO Sovetsk has been successfully completed in Lake Ladoga. The crew and the commissioning team checked the ship's driving performance and the functioning of life support systems
The project 22800 small missile ship is designed to conduct combat operations in the near sea zone and participate in tasks in peacetime and wartime independently and in cooperation.
RTOs are armed with Caliber-NK missile systems, as well as AK-176MA and AK-630M artillery mounts, equipped with modern control systems, electronic weapons, radio communications, navigation, electronic warfare and countermeasures, anti-sabotage weapons and portable anti-aircraft missile systems.
Ministry of Defense of Russia

02.07.2019


On July 1, at the Amur Shipbuilding Plant (part of the USC), two small missile ships of project 22800 (code "Karakurt") were laid down. By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, the ships were given the names of Russian cities - "Rzhev" and "Udomlya".
A solemn event dedicated to this significant event took place in one of the construction docks of the slipway shop. Representatives of the Ministry of Defense and the Russian Navy, the Government of the Khabarovsk Territory and the administration of Komsomolsk-on-Amur took part in the rally, which took place right next to the scaffolding; ministries and departments, as well as USC Vice President for Technical Development Dmitry Kolodyazhny.
The laying of the new ship for the Pacific Fleet took place on the day the plant celebrated the 83rd anniversary of its commissioning, so it became a kind of gift from the Ministry of Defense for the famous three-time order-bearing enterprise.
“The Amur Shipbuilding Plant has gone through different times, but today we see how the situation is changing for the better,” said Yuri Kolodyazhny, addressing the participants in the ceremony. “Small rocket ships, which are being laid on stocks today, are new products for the plant, but I am sure that they will become serial. The global trend in shipbuilding towards a decrease in tonnage will allow Amur shipbuilders to prove themselves in a new type of product and take another step towards increasing their competitiveness,” explained USC Vice President.
By the end of this year, two more such ships for the Pacific Fleet will be laid down at the Amur Shipyard. To date, the plant continues the construction of the third and fourth serial corvettes of project 20380, which will be on combat duty in 2020 and 2021.
United Shipbuilding Corporation

PROJECT 22800 SMALL ROCKET SHIPS "Rzhev" and "UDOMLYA" LAYED AT AMUR SHIPBUILDING PLANT

PROJECT 22800 SMALL ROCKET SHIP



The main reason for the creation of the MRK 22800 project was the halt in the construction of the Admiral Series frigates of project 11356 due to the refusal of the Ukrainian side to supply the GGTA after the well-known events of the spring of 2014. The second reason is the aging of our shipboard. Project 22800 replaced the RCA project 1241 "Lightning" and RCA project 1234 "Gadfly". The last RTO "Gadfly" was built in the late 80s of the last century. Therefore, in terms of such parameters as main dimensions, displacement, speed, these ships are comparable. They are similar in their main purpose.
The Project 22800 small rocket ship (RTO) was developed by Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau JSC (St. Petersburg) and is a reworking of the Project 12300 (Scorpion) missile and artillery boat developed by the same bureau in the 1990s. The new RTO was developed by Almaz Central Design Bureau and differs from its predecessor project 21631 in better seaworthiness and stronger air defense while maintaining the strike capabilities of the latter.
In order to speed up the design on project 22800, similarly to project 1234, a domestic power plant was used based on three M507 diesel engines optimized to increase the resource. To make the ship as fast as possible, the installation in its layout was largely borrowed from the Gadfly.
However, due to the use of a different hull shape (a gliding hull was used on the Gadfly, and transitional contours on the Karakurt), it was possible to improve seaworthiness, habitability, and solve problems associated with a large angle of inclination of the shafts characteristic of gliding hulls. On the "Gadfly" a sufficiently large angle of inclination, which caused a lot of vibration and additional resistance to movement.
On the Karakurt, the angle of inclination of the shafts is within acceptable limits: 5 degrees in the bow engine room and 10 degrees in the stern. Accordingly, all characteristics, both propulsion and vibration, are better for the new ship.
When it was created, no accompanying R&D was carried out on it. The customers set the task - to use only serial equipment mastered by the industry. They used what has letters, or was developed according to the completed R&D projects of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, that is, samples already exist, they only need to be accepted by the military in an appropriate way. So it worked out in such a short amount of time.
The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation wanted to build three more ice-class RTOs Buyana-M, but then this idea was abandoned in favor of another RTO project - from the Almaz Central Design Bureau. "Buyan-M" project 21631 was originally built for the Caspian Sea, but with the possibility of a hassle-free transfer from one sea to another. Hence - a small draft, jet propulsion. Now it has been decided to build more seaworthy and high-speed RTOs designed for the Baltic, the Black Sea and the North.
At the same time, it is noted that two ships can be considered prototypes of Karakurt. Firstly, this is a 500-ton project 12300 Scorpion missile and artillery boat, developed by the Almaz Central Design Bureau in the 1990s and laid down, but unfinished due to lack of funding at the Vympel Rybinsk Shipbuilding Plant. It was assumed that he would carry a 100-mm artillery mount and four Onyx anti-ship missiles in vertical launchers (two on board). The lead boat of project 12300 was laid down on June 5, 2001 at the Vympel Shipbuilding Plant in Rybinsk, but remained at the initial stage of construction.

Secondly, undoubtedly, the prototype of "Karakurt" is the MRK of the project 21631 "Buyan-M" developed by the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau. It carries Kalibr-NK or Oniks missiles in an eight-shot vertical universal UKSK launcher. This ship was designed for operation on the Caspian Sea and on the rivers. Therefore, on a steep wave, he feels uncomfortable. That is why open maritime theaters require others - more seaworthy RTOs. But, undoubtedly, his ideology had a strong influence on Karakurt.

When designing and building small missile ships of this project, the requirements of the High Command of the Navy are implemented, aimed at high maneuverability, increased seaworthiness, as well as the use of low-reflectivity technologies for superstructures and the hull.

The proposed appearance of project 22800 RTOs was first presented at the stand of the Almaz Central Design Bureau at the Army-2015 International Military-Technical Forum in Kubinka near Moscow under the designation "project 12300". According to the characteristics and images of the ship given at the stand, the RTO of project 22800 has a displacement of about 800 tons compared to 500 tons for the boat of project 12300.
Purpose of the ship: Conducting combat operations in the near sea zone and participation in peacetime missions.
The ships of this project will receive propulsion system Russian production. Among the advantages of these ships are high maneuverability, increased seaworthiness, as well as the architecture of superstructures and hulls, made using low-reflectivity technologies. The ship will be able to perform tasks in the sea zone at a distance of about 3 thousand miles from the bases.
MRK project 22800 is equipped with an eight-shot vertical universal launcher UKKS, located in the rear of the superstructure, and an integrated mast with four fixed antenna arrays of a multifunctional radar complex(presumably, the Arbalet-D radar of the L-band developed by Fazotron-NIIR Corporation JSC).

A series of small missile ships (RTOs) of project 22800 will be built for the Russian Navy, Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Viktor Chirkov said at the International naval saloon(IMDS-2015) in St. Petersburg. According to Chirkov, ships with a displacement of 500 tons will be armed with A-190 100-millimeter artillery mounts, universal launchers for anti-ship missiles and long-range cruise missiles, as well as air defense systems. The Commander-in-Chief noted that in the coming years the Navy will receive 18 such vessels. Promising RTOs will make it possible to compensate for the delay in the construction of the second trio of Project 11356 frigates, which are equipped with Ukrainian-made turbines.
7TH INTERNATIONAL NAVAL SHOW IMDS-2015
The Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau (TsMKB) is completing the development of the project 22800 corvette for the Russian Navy, the press service of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) reports in August 2015. “In accordance with the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, a decision was made to design and build small corvettes of project 22800. Currently, the Almaz Central Design Bureau is completing the development technical project of this ship in accordance with the tactical and technical characteristics issued by the Russian Ministry of Defense, ”the USC press service said.
New-generation light-class corvettes equipped with Kalibr-NK missiles will go into service with all fleets of the Russian Navy, Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuk, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, said.
“A further logical continuation of these ships (project 21631) are light class corvettes, which were developed at the Almaz Central Design Bureau, this is the St. Petersburg Design Bureau. They will be built by several enterprises at once. The series is supposed to be large, and they will be part of all four fleets of our country, ”said Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuk, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, in October 2015. He also noted that the Kalibr missiles placed on them will be their main strike weapon.

"Main caliber" - an eight-shot installation of the UKKS for the Caliber-NK and Onyx missiles, as well as on the Buyan-M, is located in the superstructure (the difference will be that the UKKS will be placed across, not along diametrical plane) behind the wheelhouse and an integrated mast with four fixed phased antenna arrays of the multifunctional radar complex placed on it.
“In accordance with the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, a decision was made to design and build small corvettes of project 22800. Currently, the Almaz Central Design Bureau is completing the development of a technical design for this ship in accordance with the performance characteristics issued by the Russian Ministry of Defense,” the press release said. USC service.
As previously reported, the lead corvette of project 22800 should be laid down in 2016, and a total of 18 such ships are planned for construction.

December 24, 2015 at the St. Petersburg shipbuilding enterprise "Pella" laid down two small rocket ships (RTOs) of the new generation of project 22800.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy (Navy), the ships will bear the names "Hurricane" and "Typhoon" and will alternately become part of the Navy in 2017 and 2018 after completion of construction and testing.

On May 10, 2016, at the Feodosia shipbuilding enterprise "More", a small rocket ship (RTO) of a new generation was laid down in a solemn ceremony. The laying ceremony was attended by Minister of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation Denis Manturov, Head of the Republic of Crimea Sergei Aksyonov, Plenipotentiary Representative of the President in the Crimean Federal District Oleg Belaventsev, Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Admiral Alexander Vitko.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral Vladimir Korolev, the ship was given the name "Storm".

On July 29, 2016, at Pella Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant (Otradnoye, Leningrad Region), a keel-laying ceremony was held for the Russian Navy for the third project 22800 small missile ship for this enterprise (code "Karakurt"), called "Shkval" (serial number 253 ). The solemn ceremony of laying the foundation stone was held at the new shipbuilding complex of OJSC Pella.
The ceremony was attended by honored guests of the event - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Borisov Yu.I., Deputy Head of the Department of Shipbuilding of the Navy of the Russian Federation, Captain 1st Rank Krasnopeev M.M., Head of the Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for the State Defense Order, Rear Admiral Vernigora A.P., Head of the Main Directorate of Deep Sea Research of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Vice Admiral Burilichev A.V., General Director of OJSC Pella Tsaturov G.R., General Director of JSC TsMKB Almaz Shlyakhtenko A .V., Navy officers, management and factory workers.

As Deputy Minister of Defense Yury Borisov stated during the solemn ceremony, "a capacious order has been placed at the enterprise, our fleet needs such ships." He explained that "there are no ships of this class in the world, and the military department sees in the face of Pella a partner who delivers ships on time and with proper quality."
According to the Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Shkval will be armed with 8 Kalibr missile systems, "which proved to be good during the Syrian operation." As you know, RTOs of project 21631 "Buyan-M" gained worldwide fame with strikes from the Caspian Sea against Daesh, and later were sent on combat duty to the coast of Syria.

The Krasnoye Sormovo plant, which is part of the United Shipbuilding Corporation, planned to fight for a contract for the construction of small missile ships (RTOs) of project 22800 Karakurt, but later abandoned this idea. Also PSZ "Yantar" wanted to join the construction of RTOs of this project.
As it became known in August 2016, the Zelenodolsk plant named after. Gorky received another defense order - he will build 5 small missile ships of the new project 22800 Karakurt. Thus, bypassing at least two competitors, the company once again confirms its reputation as one of the most prolific military shipyards in Russia. At the same time, since the end of 2014, the Zelenodolsk plant has actually received under temporary management LLC Shipbuilding Plant Zaliv in Kerch (Crimea). According to unofficial information, the head Zelenodolsk RTO of project 22800, called the Cyclone, was laid down without much publicity at the Zaliv shipyard in Kerch in the summer of 2016.
Zelenodolsk plant them. Gorky will build five small missile ships of project 22800 "Karakurt" for the Russian Navy, the military will receive them in 2018-2021, said the deputy general director of the enterprise Alexander Karpov. “The plant received an order for five small missile ships of Project 22800 Karakurt. The first vessel is planned to be handed over to the customer in 2018 (year), the last one - in 2021," Karpov said.

At the Army-2016 International Military-Technical Forum in Patriot Park (Cubina), the United Shipbuilding Corporation demonstrated a model of a small missile ship (small corvette) of project 22800E Karakurt-E, intended for export deliveries. Prior to this, little was known about this project, only that the light-class corvettes of the new generation, equipped with Caliber-NK missiles, would go into service with all fleets of the Russian Navy.

Project 22800 Karakurt small missile ships will in the future be equipped with the Pantsir-M anti-aircraft missile and gun system, Alexander Shlyakhtenko, general director of the Almaz Central Design Bureau, said in October 2016. “The lead ship will be (delivered) in 2017, and new system Air defense will be from 2018. Everything has already been developed - from the third ship, the "Shell" will go on. We are currently testing this complex. There was no marine execution of the complex. We are working it out on the Black Sea, and if it shows itself well, then it will go into series from the third ship, ”said Shlyakhtenko.

On December 24, 2016, a small rocket ship of a new generation (plant No. 257) of project 22800 was laid down for the Russian Navy at the Pella shipbuilding enterprise in St. Petersburg (Otradnoye). By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Vladimir Korolev, the ship was given the name " Storm".
The event was attended by Vice-Admiral Andrey Volozhinsky, Chief of the Main Staff of the Navy, Mikhail Krasnopeev, Deputy Head of the Shipbuilding Department of the Navy, Dmitry Tsymlyakov, Chief Designer of Project 22800, Oleg Kononov, Director of the new Pella shipbuilding complex, Sergey Kukhtik, Deputy General Director of Pella.
“It is impossible to underestimate the importance of this ship for the Navy. The experience of building small missile ships is the experience of the mature shipbuilding of the Soviet Union, the cost-to-efficiency ratio on these ships has been reached to the maximum,” Vice Admiral Andrey Volozhinsky, Chief of the Main Staff of the Navy, said after the laying ceremony. “Such ships, recently tested in combat conditions, have proven their effectiveness in the Mediterranean Sea. The arrival of such ships is a long-awaited event, the fleet needs them.”
As Volozhinsky explained, ships of this class were in all fleets, their divisions were always called “bad weather” divisions, and the tradition of naming ships in honor of those who served their time with dignity and completed the task has been preserved. The lead ship of a series of small missile ships of project 1234 of the Navy of the Soviet Union was called that - "Storm".

It was also noted that the idea of ​​using warships of this class - small missile ships, was approved by the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Sergey Gorshkov.
It is interesting to note that on the laid down Burya ship, on the superstructure in the stern, instead of 30-mm artillery guns of the AK-630M type, it is planned to install the Pantsir air defense system, this is clearly visible on the mortgage board and poster.
18 project 22800 small missile ships of the new generation will be built for the Russian Navy by 2022, Vice Admiral Andrey Volozhinsky, Chief of the Main Staff of the Navy, said.
It is expected that the lead "Karakurt" will be handed over to the Ministry of Defense in December 2017, the first serial - in 2018. RTO "Uragan", as well as the lead ships of such new projects as 22350 and 12700, will be transferred to the Northern Fleet.

On the eve of the 73rd anniversary of Victory Day, at the new shipbuilding complex of JSC Pella, a ceremony was held to launch the third in a row - the second serial small missile ship "Shkval" of project 22800, building No. 253. The laying of the ship was carried out on July 29, 2016.
On the solemn event attended:
Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Borisov Yuri Ivanovich;
Head of the Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for the provision of the state defense order, Rear Admiral Andrei Petrovich Vernigora;
Head of the Directorate of the Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for ensuring the state defense order, captain 1st rank Pavel Grigoryevich Pechkovsky;
Head of the Shipbuilding Department of the Navy of the Russian Federation, Rear Admiral Tryapichnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich;
Chief Designer of Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau JSC Tsymlyakov Dmitry Evgenievich;
Chirkov Viktor Viktorovich, chief adviser to the USC president on military shipbuilding;
Director General of JSC "Pella" Tsaturov Herbert Robertovich;
representatives of the Research Institute of Shipbuilding and Armament of the Navy VUNTS VMF "Naval Academy", officers of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the High Command of the Navy, management and employees of the plant.
The small missile ship is designed to conduct combat operations in the near sea zone and participate in the performance of tasks in peacetime and wartime independently and in cooperation. On this ship, for the first time in the Russian Navy, the Pantsir-M anti-aircraft missile and artillery system was installed instead of 30-mm automatic guns on its predecessors, the lead and the first serial RTO of project 22800.
In total, until 2026, it is planned to build 18 missile ships of this project. They will be used in the Baltic, Black Sea and Pacific fleets.

On December 17, 2018, a solemn ritual of raising the Naval flag of the Russian Federation was held in Baltiysk on the newest small missile ship "Mytishchi" of project 22800 "Karakurt", built for the Baltic Fleet at the Pella shipyard. The ceremony was attended by representatives of the command of the Baltic Fleet, a shipbuilding company, military personnel of the formation of missile ships and boats of the Baltic Naval Base.
This event was preceded by the successful implementation of the program of factory sea and state tests, during which all systems and armament of the ship were tested for their intended purpose. After that, the state acceptance committee signed acts on the acceptance of a small missile ship from the manufacturer into the Russian Navy.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Mytishchi was included in the combat strength of the Baltic Fleet.

In Tatarstan, at the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant for the Russian Navy on February 26, 2019, the newest small missile ship of project 22800 was laid down. By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Vladimir Korolev, the ship was given the name "Cloud".
The keel-laying ceremony was attended by Rear Admiral Vladimir Tryapichnikov, head of the shipbuilding department of the Russian Navy, Alexander Karpov, general director of the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant, Almaz Khusainov, deputy minister of industry and trade of the Republic of Tatarstan, management of the Ak Bars shipbuilding corporation, administration of Zelenodolsk.
The serial construction of RTOs of project 22800 is slowed down due to the insufficient pace of production of M507 diesel engines for them at PJSC Zvezda.

SERIES
"Mytishchi" (until 2018 "Hurricane") (plant No. 251), on December 24, 2015, was laid down at JSC "Pella", Launched on July 29, 2017. Transferred to the Navy 12/17/2018
"Sovetsk" (until 2018 "Typhoon") (plant No. 252), 12/24/2015 was laid down at Pella OJSC, launched on November 24, 2017. The transfer of the Navy is scheduled for 2019.
"Odintsovo" (until 2018 "Shkval") (plant No. 253), 07/29/2016 was laid down at Pella OJSC, launched on May 5, 2018.
"Kozelsk" (until 2018 "Storm") (plant No. 254), 05/10/2016 was laid down at the Sea Shipyard
"Okhotsk" ("Cyclone") (plant No. 255), laid down on March 17, 2017 at the shipyard "More"
"Whirlwind" (plant No. 256), 09/10/2016 was laid down at the Sea Shipyard on December 19, 2017.
Burya (plant No. 257), 12/24/2016, was laid down at Pella JSC, launched on October 23, 2018.
"Cyclone" (plant No. 801), 26.7.2016 was laid down at the shipyard "Zaliv"
"Monsoon" (plant No. 802), 11/18/2016 laid down at the shipyard "Zaliv"
"Passat" (plant No. 803), 30.7.2017 laid down at the shipyard "Zaliv"
"Cloud" (plant No. 804), 02/26/2019 was laid down at the Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky
"Smerch" (plant No. 805), laid down at the Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky

xxxx bookmark at JSC "Amur Shipbuilding Plant", delivery before 2026
xxxx bookmark at JSC "Amur Shipbuilding Plant", delivery before 2026
xxxx bookmark at JSC "Amur Shipbuilding Plant", delivery before 2026

xxxx bookmark at Vostochnaya Verf JSC, commissioning until 2023

Current plans for the development of the navy include the construction of a large number of small missile ships of several projects. Over time, one of the main representatives of this class will be the ships of Project 22800 Karakurt. Currently, several such ships are being built at once, one of which has already been launched. According to the Ministry of Defense, a second one will follow in the very near future.

November 5 Department of Information and mass communications The Ministry of Defense of Russia published new information on current work in the field of military shipbuilding and plans for the near future. It is reported that as early as November of this year, the Typhoon small missile ship will be launched. This ship is the first serial ship built according to project 22800. As the military reminds, the lead ship of the Karakurt project, named Uragan, is already at the berth of the shipbuilding enterprise and is being completed afloat.

The construction of the head and the first serial "Karakurt" is carried out at the Pella plant in St. Petersburg. In the recent past, this enterprise received a large order for seven small missile ships. Most of this order will be completed at the production facilities in Otradnoye. The Pella site in Crimea was also involved in the work.

The deadlines for the delivery of the first two ships of project 22800 were not specified in the new message of the Ministry of Defense. However, it was previously stated that the Hurricane and Typhoon would enter service before the end of 2018. They are supposed to be transferred to the Baltic Fleet. It was previously indicated that next year the navy could receive up to four Karakurts being built at different enterprises. In the future, construction will continue for a long time, until the full implementation of existing plans.

Recall that the project of a small missile ship 22800 with the code "Karakurt" was created by specialists of the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau (St. Petersburg). Military scientific support design work was carried out by the Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Russian Navy. The first open demonstration of materials on project 22800 took place two years ago as part of the Army-2015 international military-technical forum. In the same period, the first contracts for the construction of part of the ships required by the fleet were signed.

The construction of the head RTO "Hurricane", already launched, and the first production ship "Typhoon", which is yet to be sent to the outfitting wall, started at the very end of the year before last. On December 24, 2015, a solemn ceremony of laying two new missile ships was held at the Pella Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant. So far, the first serious results have been obtained. On July 29, 2017, following the results of several stages of construction, the lead ship was launched and is now being completed afloat. According to the Ministry of Defense, over the next few weeks, the same will happen with the first serial "Karakurt".

The third ship of the project (the second serial ship) was named "Storm" and was laid down in May last year. The production facilities in the city of Feodosia, which have recently been transferred to the Pella plant, were chosen as a site for its construction. On the this moment Feodosia shipbuilders are busy assembling and installing the main structures of the future Storm.

On July 29 and December 24 last year, RTOs Shkval and Burya were laid down at the Pella site in Otradnoye. These ships are also still in the early stages of construction. In mid-March of this year, an enterprise in the Crimea began building the Okhotsk ship. There is also a contract for the seventh Cyclone ship, but its execution has not yet begun. In total, in the foreseeable future, the Pella enterprise, having two plants at its disposal, will have to transfer seven Project 22800 ships to the fleet, of which six are at different stages of construction.

According to the plans of the military department, Russian fleet at least 15-20 small missile ships of the Karakurt type are needed. The implementation of such plans by the forces of one shipyard is associated with certain restrictions, which is why other enterprises besides Pella were involved in the program. So, in August last year, the Ministry of Defense signed a contract with the Zelenodolsk plant named after. A.M. Gorky. This agreement provides for the construction of five ships with the delivery of the entire series until 2020 inclusive.

According to the report of the Zelenodolsk plant for the last year, in the fall or early winter of 2016, the laying of the first two RTOs of project 22800 took place in the workshops of the enterprise. According to reports, these ships were named the Monsoon and Passat. The ships "Breeze", "Tornado" and "Smerch" currently exist only in plans. Their laying will take place over the next few years.

Further, it is planned to build six more ships needed by the Pacific Fleet. Such an order should be received by the Amur Shipbuilding Plant (Komsomolsk-on-Amur). It is curious that the Ministry of Defense has already chosen the executor of the work, but has not yet concluded a contract with him. This summer, it was announced that a new official order for the serial "Karakurt" will appear only in 2018. This allows us to roughly imagine the timing of the start of construction and the delivery of the last of the ordered ships. Apparently, construction in Komsomolsk-on-Amur will be completed in the first years of the next decade.

Thus, over the next few years - no later than the mid-twenties - the Russian shipbuilding industry will build and transfer to the Navy 18 small missile ships of Project 22800 Karakurt. The total duration of the construction program, which started in 2015, will reach 8-10 years. Such a combination of time and the number of such ships can be a real reason for the pride of shipbuilders.

A direct consequence of the expected relatively rapid implementation of the plans is that noticeable results are already obtained during the first two years of construction. So, to date, the Pella Leningrad Plant has managed to launch the lead RTO Karakurt. After completion of completion afloat, expected in the foreseeable future, the ship will go on trials. Not later than the end of 2018, the Hurricane is planned to be handed over to the customer. The delivery of the first production ship is also scheduled for next year, which is still on the slipway, but is already preparing to be launched.

Project 22800 "Karakurt" proposes the construction of small displacement ships with strike weapons, to a certain extent similar to older missile boats. At the same time, the project is based on modern solutions, as well as weapons that meet all existing requirements. Prospective Karakurts should differ from other modern RTOs of Russian design by higher seaworthiness characteristics, allowing them to operate on the high seas.

Project 22800 ships should have a displacement of 800 tons, a length of 67 m and a width of 11 m. The hull lines meet the seaworthiness requirements. The ships are proposed to be equipped with a diesel-electric power plant. Three M-507D-1 diesel engines and the same number of DGAS-315 diesel generators should provide movement at speeds up to 30 knots. The cruising range at economic speed reaches 2500 miles. Inventory autonomy - 15 days.

The project provides for the use of a variety of weapons designed to strike at distant targets and protect against attack from the sea or from the air. There is a set of artillery assets as part of an AK-176M automatic installation with a 76-mm gun and two AK-630 anti-aircraft guns with a caliber of 30 mm. It was previously stated that instead of the AK-630 systems, some of the ships would receive a naval version of the Pantsir missile and gun system. Also on board the ship there are two installations for large-caliber machine guns "KORD". To enhance air defense, the crew can use portable anti-aircraft missile systems.

The high strike potential of Karakurt should be provided by the Caliber missile system. A 3S-14 universal vertical launcher with eight cells is mounted in the superstructure of the ship. It can be used to launch P-800 Onyx missiles or products of the Caliber family. The composition of the missile ammunition, the purpose of the missiles and their proportions in the ammunition are determined in accordance with the assigned combat missions. Depending on the type of missiles loaded, project 22800 RTOs are capable of attacking surface and coastal targets at ranges of at least several hundred kilometers.

According to reports, the main means of detecting air and surface objects on the Karakurt ship is radar station"Mineral-M". Also announced are modern combat information and control systems, navigation aids, an electronic warfare complex, communication systems, etc.

It was previously stated that small missile ships of project 22800 are considered as an addition to the project 21631 Buyan-M RTOs under construction, which are distinguished by less high seaworthiness. At the moment, it is planned to build 12 Buyan-M and 18 Karakurt ships. Based on the results of the implementation of all existing plans and the fulfillment of signed contracts, the Russian Navy will receive three dozen new ships of relatively small displacement, carrying fairly powerful artillery and missile weapons.

To date, the Navy has managed to receive five Project 21631 small missile ships, the construction of which started at the beginning of this decade. The newer RTOs of project 22800 have not yet managed to enter the combat fleet, but the moment of the start of their service is approaching. Several ceremonies for the transfer of new ships to the customer are planned for the next year. In the absence of serious problems, by the beginning of 2019, the Russian Navy will have three or four Karakurts. The lead ship is already being completed at the wall, and the first production ship is reported to be launched soon.

Thus, both the events that have already taken place and the expected ones continue the ambitious program of fleet modernization through the construction of new ships of various classes.

According to the websites:
http://function.mil.ru/
http://pellaship.ru/
https://ria.ru/
https://kommersant.ru/
http://tass.ru/
http://bmpd.livejournal.com/

The Syrian campaign provided the Russian Ministry of Defense with an invaluable opportunity to test the latest weapons not just in conditions as close as possible to combat, but on a real battlefield. Perhaps the main weapon "premier" of Syria was the successful use of the Kalibr missile system against ground targets on October 7, 2015 by three small missile ships (RTOs) of project 21631 and a missile ship of project 11661K.

Later, new launches of these cruise missiles followed, and the Russian Defense Ministry continued its course towards a large-scale "calibration" of the fleet. As part of this program, not only was the equipping of surface ships and submarines under construction with Caliber, but also the conversion of pennants already in service into Caliber carriers.

"Calibron kayaks"

Almost simultaneously with the "calibration" of the fleet, the Russian military leadership had to solve another problem. The situation in the Black and Mediterranean Seas after the reunification of Crimea with Russia insistently demanded an urgent strengthening of the Black Sea Fleet. And first of all, shock units.

Since it was not possible to physically accelerate the commissioning of Project 11356 frigates and Project 636 diesel-electric submarines intended for replenishment of the KChF, the Ministry of Defense took an unexpected step. Initially created for the Caspian flotilla RTO project 21631 (code "Buyan-M") "Serpukhov" and "Green Dol" it was decided to send to the Black Sea.

Of course, this was a palliative solution. "Buyan-M" were designed for operations in the closed waters of the Caspian Sea. They had dimensional restrictions caused by the need to fit into the dimensions of the locks, as well as to pass under the spans of the bridges of the Volga-Baltic waterway.

In general, RTOs of project 21631, with their water jets, reduced seaworthiness and autonomy, were not particularly suitable for operations in the Black and, especially, the Mediterranean Sea. But the fact that each of the "Buyan-M" could carry 8 subsonic "Caliber" or supersonic "Onyx", for a long time in the eyes of the military redeemed the above shortcomings. Moreover, the impact potential of these RTOs was equal to that of the Project 11356 frigates, four times (!) Exceeding the Buyany-M in terms of their displacement.

By the fall of 2016, it became clear to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation that the continued presence of project 21631 RTOs in the Black Sea Fleet ceased to justify itself. The Black Sea region was already quite tightly controlled by the ground grouping and aviation of the RF Armed Forces based in the Crimea. At the same time, the KChF began to receive frigates and submarines, i.e. new "caliber carriers" with much better seaworthiness and autonomy than the "Buyanov-M".

For this reason, "Serpukhov" and "Zeleny Dol" were sent to the Baltic, which was more suitable for "Buyanam-M" in terms of basing and operation. This saved the "calibre-carrying kayaks", as project 21631 RTOs were called behind the back on the Black Sea, from service "on the verge of a feat."

The urgent problem for the entire Russian Navy of the speedy replenishment of the ship’s composition with new “caliber carriers” with more acceptable indicators of autonomy and seaworthiness than that of the Buyanov-M, now had to be solved by the project 22800 RTOs that were already under construction.

To understand where these ships came from, we will have to mentally go back 16 years.

From "Scorpio" to "Buyans"

The desire to get modern seaworthy RTOs, designed according to the "cheap and cheerful" method, which made it possible to create strike ship groups operating under the "umbrella" of coastal air defense in a fairly short time, began to visit the naval command back in the "dashing nineties". This was the starting point for the appearance at the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau at the beginning of the 2000s of the idea of ​​​​building a series of project 12300 missile and artillery boats (code "Scorpion").

With a total displacement of only 465 tons, the Scorpions were supposed to carry a 100-mm A-190E universal gun mount with a rate of fire of 80 rounds per minute, the Kashtan-1 anti-aircraft missile and artillery system, and most importantly, 4 Yakhont vertical anti-ship missiles. launch with a firing range of 300 km and a warhead weight of 200 kg.

The pre-production Scorpion was laid down on June 5, 2001 in Rybinsk on the stocks of the Vympel open joint-stock shipbuilding company. It was originally planned to hand over the boat to the customer in 2005, but ... At first, the completion of the Scorpion was slowed down by a lack of funding, and later the military completely lost interest in the brainchild of Almaz. This was explained by the fact that the "Scorpion" was "narrowly imprisoned" for action only against surface targets.

At the same time, the Novator Experimental Design Bureau named after L. Lyulyev was already successfully completing work on the creation of the Caliber missile system. The wide range of Caliber missiles made it possible to hit not only surface, but also ground targets.

At the same time, supersonic anti-ship missiles, which were the main lethal "trump card" of the baby "Scorpion", could also be launched from the same universal ship firing complex. It is worth noting that the Kalibr launch range exceeded 500 km, which de facto violated the terms of the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range Missiles (INF). But since the "Caliber" were declared as sea-based, not land-based missiles, de jure they did not violate the INF Treaty.

In general, the military leadership wanted to get something more versatile and long-range than the Scorpion, albeit at a higher price. As a result, the first-born of the 12300 project remained unfinished, because the Caliber did not fit into it! On the other hand, the Zelenodolsk design bureau had both the experience of creating the first in Russia missile ship with "Caliber", "Tatarstan" of project 11661K, and the 500-ton small artillery ships of project 21630 under construction (code "Buyan"), designed for the Caspian water area.

Unlike the Scorpion, it turned out to be noticeably easier to convert the Buyanas to the Caliber with a concomitant increase in the tonnage of ships by almost half. What the “Zelenodolsk” people did with the blessing of the state, having received at the exit the “Buyan-M” already familiar to us.

The accelerated construction of such compact warships, but with a high strike potential, caused analysts a lot of questions. The latter disappeared only on October 7, 2015, when, as already mentioned, 3 "Buyana-M" and "Tatarstan" fired from the Caspian Sea at targets in Syria with "Caliber".

But, with all the advantages of the project 21631, during the operation of Buyanov-M on the Black Sea, the Zelenodolsk RTOs also revealed the disadvantages listed by us at the beginning of the article.

His Majesty "Karakurt"

The absence in the composition of the domestic fleets, especially the KChF, of a “commodity” number of “calibre carriers”, albeit in the form of seaworthy RTOs, began to be felt even more acutely after the construction of the second trio of project 11356 frigates stalled due to the cessation of engine supplies from Ukraine. were needed "already yesterday", while the Zelenodolsk design bureau was loaded with work on other projects. Due to the combination of all these factors, 14 years after the laying of the Scorpion, the circle closed - the design of seaworthy RTOs was again entrusted to the Almaz Central Design Bureau.

Almazovtsy did not reinvent the wheel. Combining the successful design solutions of its Scorpion with the Buyan-M universal ship-based firing system for 8 Caliber or Onyxes, the Central Design Bureau designed a small missile ship of project 22800 (code "Karakurt").

For the first time, the appearance of the new RTO was presented to the public at the international military-technical forum "Army-2015". The lead two ships of Project 22800, named Uragan and Typhoon, were laid down on December 24, 2015 at the Pella Leningrad Shipyard.

The need for import substitution, as well as the development of individual components and assemblies, in particular, the AK-176MA shipborne 76.2-mm gun mount, created by the St. Petersburg machine-building plant Arsenal, somewhat delayed the completion of the Karakurt. And yet, on June 2, 2017, the media published information that the first RTO of project 22800 - Uragan - would be launched before the end of this summer.

In total, military sailors plan to receive at least 18 Karakurt ships from industry, intended to replenish the Black Sea, Baltic and Pacific fleets. The need to build project 22800 RTOs for the needs of the Northern Fleet has not yet been voiced.

It is curious that with the best indicators of seaworthiness and autonomy, the Karakurts will have 149 tons less displacement than the Buyanov-M. A more modest size, compared to project 21631, will increase the stealth of the new RTOs. The capabilities of detecting targets at Karakurts will increase - project 22800 is equipped with an integrated mast with fixed phased antenna arrays of a multifunctional radar complex placed on it.

Yielding to the Buyans-M in terms of the power of artillery weapons - a 76.2-mm gun mount instead of a 100-mm one - the Karakurts will carry the same strike missile system as that of the 21631 project, which allows hitting surface targets within a radius of about 500 kilometers, and ground - within a radius of about 1500 kilometers. Thus, like "Buyanam-M", modest in size, but armed with eight "Caliber" RTOs of project 22800 may well be called small strategic missile ships.