Radar complex sky m. Bezcloudnoe "Sky-M" in the Crimea: a radar station that looks beyond the horizon. Adoption

Decimeter radar module RLM-D (L-band) of interspecific mobile radar 55Zh6M "Nebo-M"

In the network-centric wars of the XXI century, long-range radar detection of promising tactical fighters of the 5th generation and their inconspicuous missile weapons is considered a fundamental basis for building reliable defensive tactics for both the ground and air components of the air forces of any state, including military air defense, and naval strike groups of the navy. From the 80s - 90s. of the last century, technologically advanced regional and world superpowers are making great efforts to develop mobile high-potential AWACS radar systems, as well as highly sensitive systems for electronic reconnaissance and passive location based on active and passive phased arrays, as well as ring phased arrays with an all-angle view of the airspace. Not less than important task is also the early detection of high-speed supersonic and hypersonic air attack weapons with a small radar signature, which include: warheads of ballistic missiles of various classes, small-sized guided missiles M26 of the Swedish-American MLRS GLSDB (represented by modified small-sized UAB GBU-39SDB) and other precision weapons.

For these purposes, the Armed Forces of Russia and China use a number of stationary and mobile radar systems with excellent energy and throughput capabilities, and operating in the meter, decimeter and centimeter wave bands. Stationary systems include: radars of the missile attack warning system of the Voronezh-M, Voronezh-DM, Voronezh-SM types (so far only in the project), as well as new Chinese early warning radar projects with unknown ciphers. The stations are capable of detecting and tracking aerospace elements of the WTO with an RCS of 0.1 m2 at ranges from 3,000 to 5,000 km. The most common Russian RTV and air defense stations Opponent-G, Gamma-S1, Podlyot-K1, 96L6E and Gamma-DE, as well as the Chinese JY-26 and YLC-2V, are considered mobile. These radars are more often used as attached target designation tools for the S-300PM1 / S-400 and S-300V4 and HQ-9 long-range air defense systems, interfaced with the latter via data buses automated systems control of the mixed anti-aircraft missile brigade type 9S52 "Polyana-D4M1". The distinctive features of these radars are: fast deployment time, different ranges of operation and unification with universal towers for working on low-altitude targets. For example, the L-band decimeter radar (frequency 1-2 GHz) 59N6M "Protivnik-G" is designed for long-range detection and tracking of aerospace objects at altitudes up to 200 km (low-orbit area); the station can issue target designation to air defense systems, as well as to more accurate centimeter combat mode radar stations of the Gamma-C1 type. The latter may well be adapted to the tasks of target designation and illumination of anti-aircraft missiles with ARGSN and PARGSN.

Station 48Ya6-K1 "Podlyot-K1" can be considered a radically improved low-altitude detector 76N6. The target detection ceiling is only 10,000 m, and the range is 300 km. At the same time, a solid-state PFAR operating in the centimeter X-band makes it possible not only to accompany on the aisle, but also to capture low-altitude cruise missiles with a small radar signature. Despite the ability to work on ballistic objects, the elevation field of view from -2 to +25 degrees suggests that the station is "sharpened" for locating and ensuring the launch of missiles exclusively at low-altitude targets. In other words, Podlyot-K1 is the only multifunctional low-altitude radar of its kind, which has no analogues in the world. As for the maximum speed of escorted objects, the 49Ya6-K1 has a limit of 1200 m / s for this parameter (for hypersonic IOS with speeds ≥ 5M, “Approach” does not work). Radar "Opponent-G" has a tracking speed limit of 2200 m / s. But unlike the "Approach-K1", it operates in the DM range and does not allow auto-capture of air targets with an accuracy of three to five tens of meters.

Despite the excellent visibility characteristics in the low-altitude and medium-altitude sections of the air defense up to 10 km (tropospheric section), the centimeter range of operation, the ability to track up to 200 air centers on the aisle, and also capture some of them for accurate autotracking, the Podlyot-K1 multifunctional radar cannot be used as a standalone radar. Its field of view in elevation reaches only +25 degrees, and therefore a large invisible funnel of the “dead zone” with a huge 310-degree sector is formed above the radar. To cover it, such radars as VVO 96L6E, etc. are needed.

The radar complex, which complements the Podlyot-K1 in the stratospheric and exoatmospheric areas of space, is the 96L6E all-altitude detector. This complex is used as the main attached target designation tool in the divisional level of the S-300PS / PM1 and S-400 Triumph air defense systems and has the highest performance characteristics. VBO 96L6E has an upper limit of the detection zone - more than 100 km, has maximum speed tracked target - 10,000 km / h, and is also capable of tracking 100 air targets with EPR up to 5 m2 at a distance of 400 km. It is worth noting that VBO 96L6E, which has a multi-beam antenna array, shows very flexible hardware capabilities for forming a radiation pattern in the elevation plane, and therefore is able to interchange "Podlyot-K1" in the tasks of detecting low-altitude air targets.

Chinese standby radars also keep up with domestic products. And the most interesting example from China is the JY-26 early warning radar. For the first time, the station was presented at the International Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai in 2014, and a year later all the Western press and the Internet exploded with scandalous reports about the discovery of stealth F-22A fighters over South Korea radar data. The Raptors were transferred to the South Korean air base Osan in the spring of 2013 to demonstrate support for Seoul in disagreements with Pyongyang over the nuclear missile program of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, as well as in the framework of the US-South Korean exercises "Foal Eagle" ("Foal Eagle") .

The detection of the F-22A "Raptor" by the Chinese JY-26 radars is really stunning for the West, because even taking into account the placement of the JY-26 at the eastern tip of Shandong province (protrudes 300 km into the Yellow Sea), the F-22A were detected at a distance of 250 -300 km. After all, it is well known that "Raptors" with an EPR within 0.07 m2 can be detected by modern ground-based radar stations of radio engineering troops at a distance of no more than 120-150 km. American and British experts claim that the JY-26 operates in the meter and decimeter bands (VHF / UHF - from 136 to 512 MHz), which gives good advantages in detecting distant small targets due to better propagation of low-frequency waves in the airspace. But a large role here is still played by the high energy potential distributed among 512 transceiver modules of the active phased array of the JY-26 station. If we are guided by such range indicators, then it can be argued that a fighter-type target with an EPR of 3 m2 can be detected at a distance of 600 to 750 km. For comparison, even the domestic radar detector of the meter range with 55ZH6U "Nebo-U" is able to detect a target with a similar radar signature at a distance of no more than 420 km, and this is with a pulse power of 500 kW. It follows from this that JY-26 must have a pulse power of more than 800 kW.

Chinese advanced radar-DRLO JY-26

Other radio-technical anti-stealth means can be considered passive electronic intelligence stations. One of the best domestic RTR stations and passive location is Valeria. Equipped with a passive annular HEADLIGHT antenna post, rising on a telescopic tower to a height of 20-25 m, makes it possible to take direction finding near and far radio-emitting air objects at distances up to 500 km and altitudes from the earth's surface up to 40 km. Due to the fixed ring antenna array, the rate of updating information about radio-emitting targets does not exceed half a second, which is an advantage over standard rotating radars. SRTR "Valeria" operates in the meter, decimeter, centimeter and millimeter wave bands, which allows you to locate radio sources in the UHF / VHF bands, airborne tactical and strategic aviation radars (including those that operate in the broadband mode "low intercept capability" LPI and PPRCh), radio altimeters of tactical and strategic cruise missiles, as well as active radar homing heads without revealing their own coordinates. "Valeria" will easily detect the radiation of the AN / APG-77 and AN / APG-81 airborne radars (installed on the F-22A and F-35A / B / C) in any operating mode, as well as detect the radiation of their on-board tactical information exchange modules on the Link-16 JTIDS and IFDL channels.

A similar Chinese station for electronic intelligence and passive location is DWL-002. Information about the product appeared in May 2014, after participating in the 9th international exhibition military electronics (CIDEX-2014). The Chinese analogue, like the Valeria SRTR, has the highest sensitivity even to the weakest radiation sources, which makes it possible to find direction not only for air targets with working radar facilities, but also in complete radio silence. How does this happen? In addition to the radiation of powerful surveillance and multifunctional radars of the radio engineering and air defense troops, aircraft the enemy can irradiate a huge number of other sources of radiation, which are meteorological radars, decimeter range mobile GSM communication towers, etc. The radiation from them is reflected according to the principle of any other radio signal, and will certainly be recorded by the passive antenna DWL-002. Thus, not a single aircraft will pass unnoticed near the Valeria or DWL-002 antenna post, but with the difference that it will be detected from a much closer distance than with the radar turned on.

Electronic intelligence and passive location station DWL-002 of the Chinese Armed Forces. As you can see in the photo, one station is equipped with 2 receiving antenna posts

As you know, passive location stations, unlike active radars, are usually represented by several antenna posts spaced apart on the ground, which operate in the meter, decimeter and centimeter ranges. This configuration involves accurate determination of the coordinates of enemy radio-emitting objects when it is not possible to use the standard pulse method for determining the range to an air object, which is used by standard radars. This method called difference-range. At least 3 spaced passive antennas are required to calculate two values ​​of the distance difference between each post and the target (according to the signal arrival time difference), as well as to determine the point of intersection of the hyperbolas of the obtained time differences with the points of the spatial location of the passive antennas. A similar method is also used in the Kolchuga-M passive reconnaissance station.

Despite the numerous advantages of all of the above means of electronic and electronic intelligence, they are able to give an alert time before the arrival of numerous ultra-small-sized hypersonic high-precision elements (speed 6-7M) of only 1,5 - 2 minutes, which is extremely insufficient for timely bringing to combat readiness of all operating in network-centric linkage, anti-aircraft missile brigades of the airborne forces and military air defense divisions. Additional mobile radar facilities are needed, which have significantly higher energy qualities, which would make it possible to notify the anti-missile link in a certain section of the theater of the approach of 7-machine aircraft 4-5 minutes before their arrival.

This has no equal to the promising multi-element interspecific radar complex 55ZH6M "Nebo-M", which combines the qualities of early warning systems, AWACS, as well as a target designation radar for anti-aircraft missile units. According to a source in the Russian Ministry of Defense, during 2016, 5 Nebo-M radar systems were transferred to the Aerospace Forces. The first kits began to arrive in the Air Force from the end of 2012. Thus, as of 2017, RTV has more than 10 Nebo-M sets. The complexes are in service with RTV units in the Eastern and Western military districts.

Having passed field tests in 2009, the Nebo-M radar complex was successfully sent for state tests, but far from being fully equipped. Only the meter radar module RLM-M, the decimeter radar module RLM-D, as well as the control cabin of the KU RLC were completely ready; centimeter module RLM-S was then at the level draft design. But even in this composition, "Nebo-M" was distinguished by parameters unique in its class. Due to the high energy parameters of the meter and decimeter modules, even in the surveillance mode, the target detection range with an EPR of 1 m2 reached 550 - 600 km, which was a record figure among all modern AWACS. RLM-D (as a single element) is one of the most powerful mobile decimeter radars, and, like other modules of the Nebo-M complex, it is equipped with its own 100 kW generator. The module is represented by a multi-element solid-state AFAR with a phase shifter built into each PPM: such a step makes it possible to use the station both in circular scanning mode and in sector view mode for more thorough and long-range monitoring of the missile-hazardous direction.

The sector mode of operation is distinguished by an even higher pulse power of the PPM radar modules, which made it possible to bring the instrumental range up to 1800 km: at this distance, Nebo-M is able to detect launching operational-tactical ballistic missiles and medium-range ballistic missiles. The speed limit of detected and tracked targets reached 5000 m/s. A target with an EPR of 0.1 m2 (a combat unit of the IRBM or OTBR) can be detected at a distance of 600-650 km, and 0.01 m2 - 300-350 km. Thus, the Nebo-M complex is a record holder both in terms of multifunctionality and in terms of early target designation parameters (2-5 minutes) for the S-300V4 and S-400 Triumph anti-aircraft missile systems tied to the aerospace defense system.

IS THE “NEBO-M” COMPLEX IN SO DEMAND DUE TO THE SATURATION OF THE aerospace defense of the Russian Federation with HIGH FACTORY READINESS RADAR 77Y6 “VORONEZH” FAMILY?

A promising missile attack warning system (SPRN) of the Russian Aerospace Defense Forces is based today on the high-potential meter radar 77Ya6 "Voronezh-M", their upgraded versions 77Ya6-VP "Voronezh-VP", as well as decimeter variants 77Ya6-DM "Voronezh- DM". Stations of this family are built on the basis of lightweight modular elements of block-container composition; and, unlike such gigantic structures as the Daryal-U radar, the installation of all the necessary elements usually takes no more than 18 to 24 months. Since the intercession, in February 2012, of the year, on combat duty of the Voronezh-M station in the village of Lekhtusi, Leningrad Region, VKO has already received 7 such radars. This year it is planned to "launch" 2 "Voronezh-DM" in Yeniseisk and Barnaul, as well as 1 station "Voronezh-VP" in Orsk. A network of 7 stations formed around Russia a fairly dense radar field in all missile-prone air directions at distances of 4200-6000 km and altitudes from 150 to 4000 and 8000 km. The viewing sectors of the Voronezh stations in the European part of Russia overlap, which eliminates the presence of invisible "gaps" in the southwestern, western and northwestern air directions, and the record throughput of each Voronezh radar of 500 targets allows you to maintain control over the tactical situation even at the moment of a massive strike by means of an aerospace attack by the enemy. But this applies only to exoatmospheric hypersonic weapons, since the lower boundary of the viewing area for 77Ya6 is about 100 km. All aircraft operating at altitudes up to 50-70 km are not included in the list of Voronezh targets.

The question of the radio horizon cannot be neglected either. Even if the 77Ya6-DM were adapted to work on low-altitude and medium-altitude targets (from 15 to 20 km), the radio horizon would be only 400 - 550 km for them, which gives the stationary Voronezh absolutely no advantages over the advanced mobile radar type "Nebo-M". In other words, the Nebo-M radar complex is the only mobile electronic intelligence tool capable of performing the functions of an early warning system for low-altitude and medium-altitude "equipment" of supersonic or hypersonic missiles and aircraft, while providing a decent approach warning time, as well as the ability to quickly transfer to one or another section of the missile-hazardous VN. Are there many similar directions in our state? Not so many, but still there are!

Firstly, this is the northeast air direction (NE), which has always been one of the weakest points of our aerospace defense. The Daryal-U meter-long early warning radar operates in this direction. Like any other radar, the Daryal station has significant energy losses along the edges of the scanning sector, which means a loss of range, and the right edge of the radiation pattern (DN) just approximately “covers” the northern aerospace boundaries over the Laptev Sea, East -Siberian and Kara seas. It turns out that the sky over the northern parts of Siberia and Yakutia is practically not visible by the Pechora Daryal, and before the introduction of the Voronezh-VP radar in Vorkuta into the “anti-missile link” (with a field of view increased to 120 degrees) remains 2 more years.

In such a situation, an excellent solution could be the deployment of 3 Nebo-M radar systems along the northern seas surrounding the Russian Federation. The first one can be deployed near Norilsk. The second one is in the vicinity of Tiksi: here it will not only act as an early warning radar and AWACS of the northern air borders of our country, but also act as an early warning and target designation tool for the anti-aircraft missile brigade and air defense aviation, covering the main air base of the "Arctic forces" "Tixie". As you know, this year Tiksi will begin to gradually turn into a strategically important air harbor of the Russian Aerospace Forces in the northern strategic direction. Tu-160 strategic missile-carrying bombers and Tu-22M3 medium-range missile carriers can also be deployed to this AVB. The third is more expedient to deploy in the vicinity of Anadyr. Firstly, a squadron or an air regiment of the MiG-31BM will also be placed here; secondly, the sector mode of operation of the Nebo-M complex will be able to cover the aerospace sector above the strategically important US Air Force hub - the combined Elmendorf-Richardson airbase (Alaska), which may well host tactical and strategic aviation with hypersonic WTO .

The second very unpredictable air direction where the Nebo-M complex can be in demand is the southwestern VN. In this direction, there is a particularly high activity of tactical and strategic reconnaissance aviation of the US Air Force, based on Turkish and Arabian air bases, and in the future, Turkish operational-tactical ballistic missiles of the Yildirim family will be increasingly tested. This is the ever-increasing military threat from Georgia, which plans to deploy a large contingent of the Allied NATO Armed Forces consisting of armored units and several batteries of the Patriot PAC-3 or SAMP-T complexes at the Vaziani military base.

In addition, it is known that the commands of the US and British Armed Forces usually reinforce their ground contingent with promising modifications of the GMLRS multiple launch rocket systems, which are equipped with M30 and XM30 guided missiles with a range of up to 70-95 km. A similar decision was already taken last year to strengthen the grouping of the British Ground Forces sent to Estonia. In addition to the MCW-80 Warrior infantry fighting vehicle, Challenger-2 MBT, MQ-9 Reaper attack drones, as well as a contingent of a reinforced battalion (800 people), London will send М270А1 MLRS launchers to this Baltic country. Guided projectiles with a caliber of 227 mm pose a serious threat to the units of the Russian Army in the border regions of Leningrad and Pskov. They are no less dangerous than OTBR ATACMS; primarily due to the small radar signature of 0.04 m2. The Gamma-S1 radar station will be able to detect such projectiles at a distance of about 100 km, the Nebo-M complex at a distance of 200-250 km in sector mode and about 160 km in all-round mode. As a detector of small targets, Nebo-M is many times ahead of the Israeli EL / M-2084 radar of the Iron Dome complex.

The RLM-SE centimeter radar module is the main element that gives Nebu-M the highest versatility. RLM-SE is capable of laying air targets, capturing them for accurate tracking with accurate target designation for anti-aircraft missile units and air defense fighter squadrons. The module is a deeply improved version of the 96L6E all-altitude detector, and the Gamma-S1 multifunctional radar detector.

Returning to the southwestern VN, it is worth noting that it is very logical to deploy the Nebo-M radar at the 102nd military base in Gyumri. Here, it will be a worthy response to the Israeli Green Pine station acquired by Azerbaijan, and will also be able to control vast areas of airspace over Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Georgia. Any unauthorized actions of NATO and Israeli tactical aviation in the Middle East will be immediately recorded by the crew in the control cabin of the KU RLC complex.

The most important distinguishing feature of the Nebo-M radar against the background of various standby radars is also the ability to detect exoatmospheric targets at an altitude of 1200 km, which is 6 times higher than that of the Opponent-G radar. On the face of an advanced radar concept with pronounced anti-missile qualities, capable of detecting, tracking and even capturing medium-range ballistic missiles outside the earth's atmosphere. And despite all the emphasis placed today on the creation and promotion of standard surveillance or multifunctional radars with a range of 300-400 km, soon RTV units will no longer be able to do without such complexes as Nebo-M. After all, progress in the design of hypersonic elements of the WTO will sooner or later impose more severe rules of warfare.

Sources of information:
http://forum.militaryparitet.com/viewtopic.php?id=12519
http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-690.html
http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-872.html
http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-610.html

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MOBILE RADAR COMPLEX

FOR DETECTION OF AERODYNAMIC

AND BALLISTIC OBJECTS 55ZH6ME "NEBO-M"

MOBILE RADAR COMPLEX FOR DETECTION

OF AERODYNAMIC AND BALLISTIC OBJECTS 55ZH6ME "NEBO-M"

13.08.2012
ALMAZ-ANTEY Air Defense Concern DEMONSTRATED A NEW DEVELOPMENT TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC

At the equipment demonstration site in Zhukovsky, where events dedicated to the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Russian Air Force were held, the public was presented with a new multifunctional radar complex 55ZH6ME.
This complex is a "fresh" development of the Almaz-Antey air defense concern. His trials ended in October 2011.
Multifunctional radar complex 55ZH6ME of a new generation is designed to detect aerodynamic and ballistic targets under the influence of radio interference.
It consists of:
RLM-ME - radar module of the meter wave range;
RLM-SE - centimeter wave radar module;
RLM-DE - radar module of the decimeter wave range;
KU RLC - RLC control cabin.
www.i-mash.ru

27.01.2013
WESTERN MILITARY DISTRICT TO RECEIVE 16 NEW RADAR STATIONS IN 2013

The Western Military District (ZVO) will receive 16 new radar stations in 2013, RIA Novosti reports with reference to the official representative of the ZVO, Colonel Andrey Bobrun.
According to him, "in 2013, parts of the radio engineering troops of the Western Military District will be replenished with modern and promising models of equipment: 16 new radar stations will go to the radio engineering battalions in the Leningrad, Murmansk, Arkhangelsk regions and the Republic of Karelia," the agency notes.
In particular, during the year the district will receive stations "Casta-2E2", "Nebo-M" and "Nebo-U".
In addition, Sopka stations will be received for monitoring targets at low and extremely low altitudes, and Oborona stations for early warning.
A.Bobrun noted that many radars, which are already in service in the Western Military District, will undergo a planned modernization in 2013.
According to A. Bobrun, “within the framework state program By 2020, the Western Military District will receive over 50 modern radar stations and complexes of various ranges for information support of anti-aircraft missiles and the latest aviation complexes", - RIA Novosti reports.

15.01.2015

This year, the Eastern Military District will put on combat duty four radar stations"Sky-M" and "Sky-UM".
The stations will go to the radar units deployed in the Trans-Baikal, Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, and will complement the overall airspace control system.
New radar refers to interspecific radar stations of high and medium altitudes. The complexes are capable of analyzing information at operating altitudes on small-sized hypersonic and aerodynamic targets in adverse weather conditions, transmitting the collected information to missile defense combat units - medium and short-range anti-aircraft missile units.
Press Service of the Eastern Military District

20.02.2015
The Aerospace Defense Forces (VKO) have begun deploying the new Nebo-M radar system, which is capable of tracking small aerodynamic and hypersonic targets under interference conditions. This was announced to journalists on Thursday by the official representative of the Aerospace Defense Forces, Colonel Alexei Zolotukhin.
According to him, such complexes are distinguished by a significantly increased range, a high rate of updating and issuing data on ballistic and hypersonic targets.
“The use of active phased antenna arrays makes it possible to improve the performance of target detection and tracking,” Zolotukhin said.
In addition, the colonel said, the use of Neba-M requires half as many people as before, due to fully digital automatic data processing, the ability of the complex to recognize target classes and other technical features.
Calculations for these radars are prepared at the Training Center for Anti-Aircraft Missile Forces of the Military Space Academy. Mozhaisky. There, in 2013, the Nebo-M training complex was deployed. Since then, about 250 people have been trained.
TASS

06.05.2015


Radar complex of the new generation "Nebo-M", designed to solve the problems of air defense and radar support for anti-aircraft missile forces in difficult air and jamming conditions, will be presented at the exposition of the Aerospace Defense Forces at the Army-2015 forum.
According to the press service and information department of the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation, mobile multiband complex program review"Nebo-M" is capable of performing the tasks of issuing information about small-sized aerodynamic and hypersonic targets in difficult interference conditions, as well as issuing information to anti-aircraft missile systems non-strategic anti-missile defense of near and middle interception lines.
At present, specialists from the air defense and missile defense command of the Aerospace Defense Forces have begun preparing the Nebo-M radar complex for transportation by truck tractors from the permanent deployment point to the exposition location.
The military-technical forum "Army-2015" will be held in June this year on the territory of the military-patriotic park of culture and recreation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation "Patriot" in Kubinka near Moscow.
TsAMTO

The new radar station (RLS) "Nebo-M" has strengthened the units of the radio engineering troops of the Central Military District, stationed in the Volga region. This was announced on Wednesday in the press service of the district.

The Russian radar stations (RLS) deployed in Crimea make it possible to control the situation in the airspace over the entire Black Sea. High-precision systems 55Zh6M "Nebo-M" are capable of detecting a wide range of complex targets - from aircraft and helicopters to cruise missiles and hypersonic vehicles. Such complexes are mounted on vehicles and can be quickly deployed in any part of the peninsula. In Syria, 55ZH6M proved to be highly effective at the Khmeimim airbase.

The units of the radio engineering troops of the Aerospace Forces received more than 70 newest radar stations in 2017. Among them are the latest radar systems of medium and high altitudes "Nebo-M", radar stations of medium and high altitudes "Opponent", "All-altitude detector", "Sopka-2", low-altitude radar stations "Podlet-K1" and "Podlet-M ”, “Casta-2-2”, “Gamma-C1”, as well as modern complexes of automation equipment “Foundation” and other means.

Radars are designed to recognize air objects, as well as determine their parameters, such as range, speed, altitude, and determine state affiliation.

New models of weapons of the radio engineering troops, unlike radar equipment of previous generations, are created on a modern element base, with maximum automation of all processes and operations of combat work and, consequently, high combat effectiveness combined with ease of use and maintenance.

All modern radars are distinguished by high noise immunity, the ability to perform the task of conducting radar reconnaissance at any position, and increased capabilities for detecting various classes of targets.

New radar stations (RLS) "Nebo-U" and "Nebo-M" entered the 14th Army of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Central Military District under the State Defense Order.

The stations reinforced the units of the district's radio engineering troops stationed in the Volga region and Western Siberia.

As part of the implementation of the state defense order GOZ-2017, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and JSC "Federal Research and Production Center" Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering "signed a contract for the supply of mobile three-coordinate multi-range radar systems of medium and high altitudes of the combat mode of interspecific use "Nebo-M ".

The complex uses detection tools with significant detection zones for small and inconspicuous targets, including those made using stealth technology. The RLC is characterized by a short time for setting up tracks for high-speed targets, a high rate of updating and issuing information, including on high-speed and maneuvering targets, long ranges for detecting ballistic missile launches, and large ceilings in the tracking mode of ballistic targets.

In the all-round view mode, the complex provides operation at a distance of 10 to 600 km, at altitudes up to 600 km. Up to 200 target tracks with radial speeds up to 18,000 km/h are tracked simultaneously.

In sector mode, the complex can track up to 20 targets at ranges up to 1800 km and at altitudes up to 1200 km.

Last year, the Russian Aerospace Forces received five Nebo-M radar stations, which have already taken up combat duty. On the this moment 10 such complexes are in service. This was reported in the press service of the Russian Defense Ministry.

In addition, in 2016, the troops received the Podlet-K1 radar, which has no analogues in the world. In total, more than 30 new stations "Podlet-K1" and "VVO" ("All-altitude detector") are on combat duty for the air defense of the capital - they are capable of detecting more than 200 targets of different classes.

Nebo-M is a mobile radar system designed to detect aircraft, helicopters and ballistic missiles, including aircraft built using Stealth technology, at medium and high altitudes

The Aerospace Defense Forces of the Russian Federation have begun deploying the Nebo-M new-generation air defense radar system, Colonel Alexei Zolotukhin, a spokesman for the Defense Ministry's press service and information department, told RIA Novosti.

“The Nebo-M mobile multi-band program review system is capable of issuing information about small-sized aerodynamic and hypersonic targets in difficult jamming conditions, as well as issuing information to anti-aircraft missile systems,” he said.

Specialists of the Western Military District (ZVO) received the final batch of radar stations (RLS) supplied by manufacturers under the State Defense Order-2014.

The Eastern Military District received modern radar stations Nebo-M, Gamma-S1 and Opponent-G1, Colonel Alexander Gordeev, head of the district's press service, said. “Currently, the crews of the complexes are being prepared for taking up combat duty,” he clarified. The Nebo-M mobile radar system of medium and high altitudes of interspecific application has no analogues in the world. It is able to analyze information about small-sized aerodynamic and hypersonic targets under strong interference, and then supply it with anti-aircraft missile defense systems of near and medium interception lines.
“In 2011, state tests of the complex were completed. The first samples will go into service with the radio engineering troops as early as 2012,” Drik said.
He noted that until 2020, depending on production capacity enterprises of the military-industrial complex, radio engineering troops are planned to be equipped with dozens of such stations.

Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant (part of the Almaz-Antey Aerospace Defense Concern) presented the 1L119 Nebo-SVU radar at the Army-2017 forum .

Radar station "Nebo-SVU" (1L119) is designed for automatic detection, measurement of coordinates and tracking of a wide class of modern air objects: strategic and tactical aircraft, aircraft missiles of the ASALM type, small targets, low-profile targets, in particular, those made using the technology "STEALTH""

The world's first mobile radar station 1L119 of the meter wave range with digital space-time processing of radar signals provides automatic detection, measurement of three coordinates and tracking of a wide class of modern and promising air objects - strategic and tactical aviation aircraft: ASALM-type aircraft missiles, small targets (warheads GZKR), low-profile targets, including those made using the Stealth technology, as well as target class recognition, state affiliation (OGP), direction finding of active jammers.

Distinctive features of the 1L119 radar from similar stations of this class are:

- the presence of a solid-state active phased active antenna array (PAR) with analog-to-digital conversion of received signals;

- fully digital primary space-time signal processing;

— flexible adaptation of the signal processing system to the interference environment and technical condition stations;

- Highly efficient digital selection of moving targets (DTS), which provides stable VO wiring in intense hydrometeorological formations and deliberate passive interference;

As part of the station:

- antenna-hardware post (AAP) on the ChMZAP 9907.2 semi-trailer;

- diesel power plant (DPP) ED 2×30-T400-1RA1M4 (or ED 2×30-T400-1RA1M6) on the chassis of the Ural car or ED 2×30-T400-1RA1M5 (or ED 2×30-T400-1RA1M7 ) on the chassis of a KamAZ vehicle;

— spare property ZIP-O.

In addition, the station is equipped with a remote indicator post (VIP) in a KK6.2 container on a Ural-532361 off-road vehicle or in a separate container (boxes), as well as additional equipment for interfacing the radar with the customer’s air defense equipment and spare parts and accessories kit-G for carrying out repairs to the aggregate method.

The VIP container is equipped with resting places, which allows for a constant alternation of crew shifts for the continuous operation of the radar, especially in the field

Digital control of the spatial position of the antenna pattern eliminates the need to change the angular position of the speaker web in the vertical plane. This technical solution ensures the detection of not only aerodynamic AOs flying at altitudes not exceeding 30,000 m, but also ballistic ones, which can reach altitudes of up to 150 km in flight.

One of the advantages of meter-wave stations is the ability to detect VOs made using the Stealth technology or having a small effective scattering surface (ESR). Even in the operating mode of the Sky-SVU radar with 50% radiation power, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with RCS = 0.1 sq. m is detected and tracked at ranges of more than 100 km.

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF RLS 1L119 AND 1L13