First underwater nuclear aircraft carrier project 941-bis will be built in Russia, according to Internet rumors ...
The essence is not in rumors - will be built submarine aircraft carrier or not, but in an idea that could only be born in Russia. For the Anglo-Saxons, the very idea of taking off and landing on the deck of an aircraft carrier that floats under water contradicts the logic of the English language.
Project 941bis ATAVKRP was created under the leadership of a group of senior officers of the fleet and the KGB of the USSR. In 1991, they did not want to break the oath, given country which has ceased to exist. They, like many thinking people, hoped that this was a temporary insanity and the country would be restored.
However, it was clear that the oligarchy would not give up its positions just like that and, moreover, would certainly call for help from its Western friends. Based on this, it was necessary to create an armed formation that, at the right time, could take the side of the supporters of the reconstruction of the country. It would be nice to have a certain reserve of the general rate as part of the destroyer division and a couple of SSBNs.
The unprecedented level of corruption and betrayal in the highest echelons of power and leadership of the Navy did not leave hope that at least one ship would not go under the knife or be plundered. In addition, the total control on the part of NATO within the framework of observations under the program of joint threat reduction did not allow to “hide” or mothball a single combat-ready ship, not to mention the connection.
The only solution was to create something new. The main problem of such construction was money and secrecy. Moreover, secrecy had to be brought to new level- it was necessary to hide the construction site not only from strangers, but also from our own.
The idea of the possibility of building an underwater aircraft carrier was based on the Rubinovsky project of transport submarines based on pr 941. The main customer of the TPL was Norilsk Nickel.
To finance the 941bis project, new Russian customers were found who liked the idea of carrying used cars from Japan to Europe. part of the country year-round Sevmor by.
A small group of designers from Rubin finalized the TPL project, using the developments of projects 621 (amphibious transport submarine cruiser), 717 (amphibious transport submarine, minelayer), 748 and 664. The designers worked in two groups: one thought that it was creating an underwater ro-ro ship for new Russians, and only the second, very small, knew about the real purpose of the project.
The hull structures of the TK-210, which were allegedly previously dismantled, were taken as a basis. Upon completion of the construction of the civilian part of the cruiser, he moved under the ice to the Far East, as part of the "sea trials". Even in the middle of the transition, the customer was told that there were serious omissions in the project and that the boat could not be operated as it was. Needs a long term renovation. Due to the fact that the life expectancy of the new Russians at that time was short, there was simply no one to make claims.
The Americans somehow languidly watched the Zvezda at that time, and the cruiser was put there for armament and the installation of a flight deck. There, disassembled at low speed, under the guise of a color-met, a steam throwing device was brought from the Crimea, or, more simply, a catapult.
By 1995, the cruiser was ready. The air wing was selected from the Far East squadrons, Sushki were simply bought.
The building attracted attention. And no means of disguise and misinformation could prevent the leakage of information. The only salvation for secrecy was going to sea. The crew was selected exclusively from volunteers, and the vast majority of them did not know about the existence of the “Soviet Union” until the moment they boarded.
November 18, 1995 at 00:00 local time, the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser submarine "Soviet Union" gave up the moorings and went on combat duty, the length of which, as it is now clear, is life ....
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As always, the model is made according to authentic drawings, all millimeters are adjusted, and all rivets are counted.
In the media, some ships of our fleet are called "aircraft carrier killers." In different interpretations, this nickname walks through the pages of newspapers, sounds in various TV shows. It seems that such a ship or submarine is capable of almost single-handedly "killing an aircraft carrier", and for our fleet, the defeat of an aircraft carrier group (aircraft carriers do not go alone, they are always guarded by a group of ships that form an aircraft carrier strike group - AUG) is a sufficient task simple. However, this is not quite true.
First of all, about the "killers of aircraft carriers" themselves. Such a nickname "stuck" to the Project 1164 missile cruisers, which are often referred to in the press that way. Obviously for their formidable appearance from the 16th launcher for the powerful missile system "Basalt" or "Volcano". In addition to this ship, heavy missile cruisers of project 1144 (the most famous of which is Peter the Great), as well as missile submarines of project 949A (became known to the general public in connection with the tragedy of the Kursk submarine) can be attributed to the number of “killers”.
So, is such a missile cruiser, acting as part of a group of 2-3 ships (as is the case today when our ships perform various tasks of supporting Russian diplomacy and demonstrating the flag) or a single submarine, pr. building an American aircraft carrier?
The typical composition of an aircraft carrier strike group includes one aircraft carrier (the main Nimitz class in the United States), 6-8 surface ships covering, including 2-3 missile cruisers of the Ticonderoga type, the same number of destroyers of the Orly Burke type URO and 2-3 nuclear submarines, mainly of the Los Angeles type.
The typical composition of an aircraft carrier air wing is 48 F / A-18C and D attack fighters, 10 Viking anti-submarine aircraft, 4-6 tanker aircraft, the same number of electronic warfare aircraft, 4 reconnaissance aircraft, 4 radar patrol and E-type control aircraft. 2C Hawkeye, 10-16 anti-submarine and search and rescue helicopters.
Missile cruisers and destroyers URO are the basis of the defense system of an aircraft carrier group, having powerful air defense, anti-aircraft defense and electronic warfare.
Solving the problem of combating enemy surface ships, an aircraft carrier strike group is capable of delivering strikes by carrier-based aircraft consisting of up to 40 aircraft at a distance of up to 600-800 km and Tomahawk missiles at a distance of up to 500-600 km from the center of the warrant, having up to several dozen in a salvo such missiles.
The anti-submarine defense of an aircraft carrier strike group is built to a depth of 600 or more kilometers from the aircraft carrier, and the anti-aircraft defense is up to 700 km from the center of the warrant.
In general, the US aircraft carrier strike group is a single combat system in which heterogeneous forces and assets operate under the control of a single automated system management of a ship formation, solving in a single complex all the tasks of defense and offensive assigned to it.
What does it consist of sea battle with an aircraft carrier.
In order to hit an aircraft carrier from an aircraft carrier strike group, our ship group led by a missile cruiser or a missile submarine must: provide timely detection of the aircraft carrier group and classify it, get close to the range of missile weapons, while maintaining combat capability, receive target designation with location determination aircraft carrier in order and launch missiles, which, having overcome the opposition of air defense and electronic warfare, should hit the aircraft carrier.
Let's consider the possibilities of implementing this whole complex of events.
The own capabilities of a ship group consisting of a missile cruiser and 1-3 security and reconnaissance ships are actually limited by the limits of the radio horizon. That is, several tens of kilometers.
The helicopters on board the ships for searching for the enemy in large areas are of little use due to the small number of these machines on board the ships of the formation (maximum 2 helicopters on the largest ship) and the short range. They can be effectively used only in the interests of issuing target designation, and then only for an incomplete range of missile weapons.
The capabilities of the 949A missile submarines of the reconnaissance project are much wider. They are capable of detecting the noise of aircraft carrier groups with their hydroacoustics at a distance of more than a hundred nautical miles. That is, when a submarine is located in the far zone of the anti-submarine defense of an aircraft carrier group, where there is a certain (albeit small) probability of its destruction.
However, it is impossible to classify and even more so to determine the battle formation of an enemy formation with the identification of the main order from such a distance. It will be necessary to approach the enemy at a distance of several tens of nautical miles. That is, to enter the middle zone of the anti-submarine defense of the enemy formation, where the probability of its destruction is already very significant.
In Soviet times, the actions of our fleet against enemy aircraft carrier forces were supported by a powerful and developed reconnaissance and target designation system, including a space component. It made it possible to identify and track American carrier formations literally from the moment they left the base.
Today, out of all this power, in fact, only a limited number of nuclear submarines, single reconnaissance aircraft and a significantly reduced radio-electronic reconnaissance system have remained, which, moreover, has lost all its foreign centers. These forces do not allow for effective reconnaissance of operationally important areas of the seas and oceans, all the more so to provide our formation with the required amount of intelligence data for an effective strike on the AUG.
A different picture emerges for an aircraft carrier formation, which alone is capable of controlling air and surface space to a depth of 800 km or more. Having such superiority, an aircraft carrier formation will be able to prevent our missile cruisers from reaching the distance of a missile salvo, delivering strikes with carrier-based aircraft and long-range missiles with impunity (even without being detected).
However, even if our small naval formation is provided with proper reconnaissance information, it will need to get close to the aircraft carrier formation at the distance of firing missile weapons.
Having superiority in the range of use of carrier-based aircraft, the enemy will launch air strikes on our formation with up to 40 vehicles, of which about 25 will be equipped with two Harpoon missiles - up to 40-50 missiles in total. Attack aircraft and missiles will be covered by electronic warfare aircraft.
Under these conditions, the most powerful air defense systems of our ship formation - "Fort", will be able to destroy only a few missiles each. The means of self-defense of each of the ships will, at best, destroy one or two missiles, some will be taken away for interference. As a result, more than a dozen missiles will hit their targets. We can confidently say that in the end, our ships, including the missile cruiser, will be sunk with a high probability.
If this is not enough, the blow can be repeated.
That is, our ship formation will not even be able to approach the distance of rocket fire.
The conditions for overcoming enemy opposition for the Project 949A missile submarine are much better. However, in this case, the probability of her death before reaching the position of the use of weapons is significant.
If we assume that our missile cruiser or missile submarine entered the salvo position and fired it or carried out a missile attack from a weapon tracking position (that is, holding a position in which the AUG is within the range of a missile weapon), then there is still no chance of hitting an aircraft carrier a little.
Volley of 16 (cruiser project 1164), 20 ( heavy cruiser pr. 1144) or 24 (NPS pr. 949A) missiles, against a ship formation saturated with multi-channel air defense systems, covered by combat air patrol fighters, with powerful electronic warfare equipment, is unlikely to reach the target.
2-3 missiles can be destroyed by fighters. Each of the missile cruisers and destroyers of the URO will be able to destroy several missiles. If we take into account that the number of such ships that can take part in repelling a missile attack can be 3-4 or even more, it becomes clear that literally a few missiles can remain undamaged. They will be destroyed by anti-aircraft self-defense weapons or taken away from the target electronic interference.
The chances of achieving a hit with even one missile are very small.
Thus, in this way, it can be stated that even with the successful launch of their missiles at an American aircraft carrier formation, the chances of a Russian missile cruiser to hit it are negligible. And taking into account other factors, they are practically reduced to zero.
So it’s impossible to call our missile cruisers and cruise missile submarines “aircraft carrier killers”.
In order to defeat the AUG, our fleet must oppose it with an adequate operational formation. Its number should be comparable to the AUG: 2-3 missile cruisers 1164 and 1144 projects in the protection of 5-8 surface ships of the destroyer class, a large anti-submarine ship, a frigate, 3-4 missile submarines of project 949A, 4-5 multi-purpose submarines, with the support of a division of two or three regiments of naval missile-carrying or long-range aviation, a squadron of at least reconnaissance aircraft of the oceanic zone. In the Northern Fleet, the aircraft carrier pr. 1143.5 can be included in the strike force. With its inclusion, the combat strength of the strike force of surface ships can be reduced by 20-30%.
Such a formation will be able to defeat the American AUG and destroy an aircraft carrier from its composition. At the same time, it itself will suffer very tangible losses and will need to restore its combat capability. So you can’t shower AUG with hats.
Each of our ocean fleets will be able to create only one such formation (and only if the combat capability of the ships is restored). And the Americans will be able to put up at least 4 aircraft carrier groups against each of them. That is, today our fleet cannot solve the problem of parrying an aircraft carrier threat, unlike the Soviet Navy, whose combat strength made it possible to maintain the parity of naval weapons with the United States at an acceptable level. Such is the price of "market reforms".
In the near future, an aircraft carrier with a nuclear power plant may enter the balance sheet of the Russian Navy. It will complement the combat "park" of the fleet, on the balance of which so far only the aircraft-carrying cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" is listed. According to experts, the aircraft carrier "Storm" can become a prototype for the ship. How the combat "novelty" will look like and whether it can compete with the American fleet, "360" found out.
Vladimir Tryapichnikov, head of the shipbuilding department of the Russian Navy, said that the fleet is working on a new generation aircraft carrier project. According to Rear Admiral, now domestic enterprises are preparing a nuclear power plant for the new ship.
Tryapichnikov noted that specialists from the design bureaus of the United Shipbuilding Corporation and representatives of the largest shipyards are working on a project that will require significant production capacity. The research centers of the Navy are also involved in this program. According to the rear admiral, one of these institutes is already developing a nuclear engine for a future aircraft carrier. In the near future, representatives of the fleet will decide on the concept of a promising power plant.
The military stressed that the ship will meet all the latest requirements for the construction of ships of this class. “Yes, it is expensive, but the ship must be modern, perform the appropriate tasks,” he said in an interview with the Zvezda TV channel.
"Storm" in the ocean
Representatives of the Russian Navy have not yet disclosed on the basis of which aircraft carrier a ship with a nuclear engine on board will be created. Military experts interviewed by 360 are inclined to believe that the Storm project can serve as a prototype. It is being developed by scientists from the Krylov State Research Center together with engineers from the Nevsky Design Bureau.
According to the project plan, the new ship will be 330 meters long, 40 meters wide and 11 meters deep. The speed of the aircraft carrier will reach 30 knots. The ship will be driven by a mixed-type power plant, consisting of nuclear and gas turbine units.
Photo source: Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation It will be able to "carry" up to 90 aircraft and helicopters, as well as receive long-range radar patrol aircraft. The Russian fifth-generation fighter Su-57 will be able to be based on board the aircraft carrier, the designers say.
The capacity of the ship will allow transporting up to 6,000 tons of fuel and transporting up to 4,000 officers. At the same time, the Russian aircraft carrier will be equipped with the latest weapons. So, for the "Storm" they plan to develop ship versions of the promising S-500 anti-aircraft missile systems. They are designed to detect aerodynamic and ballistic targets at ranges up to 800 kilometers and at speeds up to 7,000 meters per second.
Russia has access to two oceans, so the issue of creating a full-fledged fleet of aircraft carriers for the country is quite relevant, military expert, Captain 1st Rank Vasily Dandykin noted in an interview with 360.
Objectively, without a sufficient number of aircraft carriers, Russia cannot be considered a great maritime power. The fleet needs them to cover nuclear submarines during operations in different areas of the oceans. Now the Americans are leading in this segment, so following their path and creating an extensive group of destroyers is unreasonable, and it makes sense to equip the destroyer with nuclear reactors
Vasily Dandykincaptain of the 1st rank.
However, for its effective use, the Russian Navy will have to assemble or re-build a full-fledged aircraft carrier group. It should include at least two missile cruisers, three destroyers, two nuclear submarines and several supply ships. Also, the aircraft carrier group will require the construction of all the infrastructure necessary for it, military expert Alexei Leonkov noted in an interview with 360.
“The main problem in the construction of aircraft carriers now is the lack of a full-fledged site for its construction. We have a slipway on Far East- "Zvezda", but so far it is not loaded with ships of this size. In addition, you need to have the appropriate training for carrier-based aviation, which can take off from an aircraft carrier. Plus, the construction of even one aircraft carrier costs billions of dollars. Therefore, the military needs to set tasks with the utmost precision in order to develop best option new aircraft carrier," the military expert emphasized.
Currently, only one aircraft carrier, the Admiral Kuznetsov, is on combat duty. It was built at the Black Sea Shipyard in Nikolaev and launched back in 1991. In February last year, the ship made the longest voyage in its history - to the Mediterranean Sea to participate in a military operation in Syria. After a business trip, the aircraft carrier, by decision of the Ministry of Defense, was sent for renovation.
Global competitors
Photo source: RIA Novosti / Pavel Kanonov Although the Russian navy is now building up its combat "park", the forces in terms of aircraft carriers with the United States are unequal. On combat duty in the US Army are 11 ships of this class. The last of them - Gerald R. Ford - was launched in 2017. Its construction cost the US Treasury $13 billion. Another aircraft carrier should appear in the US by 2023.
In addition to the Americans, aircraft carriers and the Chinese are also actively building. Moreover, in March of this year, the PRC announced the creation of the first warship with a nuclear power plant in its fleet. Engineers promise to build an aircraft carrier by 2025. Now the Chinese Navy has only one aircraft carrier - or rather, the aircraft-carrying cruiser Liaoning. This ship was built on the basis of an unfinished Soviet ship purchased from Ukraine in 1998. aircraft carrier cruiser"Varangian".
Great Britain is also constantly modernizing its fleet. For example, in 2014, the largest aircraft carrier in the history of the English fleet, Queen Elizabeth, was built. The country spent about three billion pounds on its construction. The ship will make its first voyage this Saturday.
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The hidden confrontation between steel giants - nuclear submarines did not stop with the end of the Cold War. On the contrary, both in the United States and in Russian Federation began to appreciate opportunities submarine fleet. This is especially true for multi-purpose submarines equipped with cruise missiles. Special hopes are placed on such submarines in Russia - along with strategic missile submarines, multi-purpose submarines will have to perform the most difficult tasks to deter any, even the most serious, aggression at sea and, if necessary, strike back at surface and underwater targets, as well as destroy enemy targets on land. Threat assessment No matter how much experts discuss the protection of aircraft carriers and consider escort ships from the carrier strike group, invariably, any dispute in the professional community comes to the question of how such forces can be neutralized if necessary. Is it a joke - a ship, 70 aircraft with missiles, and a dozen auxiliary vessels, including an escort with missile weapons - a serious force that you can’t take for fear. boats, has long been noted by foreign colleagues. Realizing that the submarine, recently commissioned, armed with cruise missiles and unique torpedoes, could turn a huge ship into a sieve, the Americans began to noticeably worry. For almost 30 years, the command of the US Navy did not make harsh statements about the danger of Russian submarines. 
However, the long-term silence was broken by Harry Harris, Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Command. Harris said that the program of modernization and construction of new submarines poses a serious danger to the Pacific region and "signals the seriousness with which Moscow views this region." Experts note that the "recognition" of success in rearmament and modernization of the Russian fleet indicates that the command of the Navy considers every modernized and even more so new submarine dangerous, and third-generation submarines fade into the background at the mere mention of Russian nuclear submarines of the fourth project. four yards
In fairness, it should be noted that the Americans approached the formation and maintenance of their own submarine fleet thoroughly. In addition to the strategic missile submarines of the Ohio type, multipurpose nuclear submarines of the Virginia type have been built and put into operation. True, the Americans decided to build new multi-purpose submarines for a reason. At a certain stage of the naval confrontation, after weighing all the pros and cons, and simultaneously evaluating the data on the Soviet Project 971 nuclear submarines, the US military issued technical task for the development of a multi-purpose nuclear submarine.
The specialists of the Electric Boat company and dozens of specialized companies developed a project for a multi-purpose nuclear submarine with advanced equipment and weapons, called the Seawolf (eng. Seawolf, “sea wolf”). Everything in the Sivulf design was subordinated to one goal: to detect the enemy and not be detected, much less destroyed. In order to ensure the secrecy of the submarine while moving, the developers went for such non-standard solutions as the rejection of the traditional propeller. Instead, a water jet was used, originally developed for the British Trafalgar submarines, and the hull was made using a special sound-absorbing coating. 
A hydroacoustic complex, surveillance equipment and a total ammunition load of 50 torpedoes and missiles were supposed to turn the Seawulf into a real master of the depths, but the dream of military engineers was not destined to come true. The culprit, as usual, was money. Research work, the study of materials, the development of electronics and other systems cost the US military department exactly one billion dollars. Almost another four and a half billion (4.3 to be exact) had to be paid for each submarine built. Having recalculated the costs of building, maintaining, repairing and modernizing, the US military decided to limit itself to only three submarines, and on this the issue of mass production of the Seawolf was closed. Virginia vs. Ash
In terms of the amount of money spent on construction and maintenance, the Virginia-class submarine that was put into service instead of the Seawolf turned out to be significantly cheaper, but this submarine did not succeed in becoming a relatively inexpensive ship. The recently launched USS Illinois cost the US Navy nearly three billion dollars ($2.7 to be exact). Similar to the submarines of the previous generation, the tasks of the Virginia multi-purpose nuclear submarine included all the same activities - the fight against enemy submarines, coastal operations (meaning the destruction of objects on land) and, if necessary, the landing of landing units. One of important aspects the study of multi-purpose submarines (and submarines in general) is armament. And just here the most interesting begins - a comparison of the capabilities of the American "Virginia" and the Russian "Ash" as the main competitors. The first versions of the Virginia (Block I and Block II series) are armed with 12 Tomahawk cruise missiles, and from the Block III version, the submarine is equipped with a revolver-type launcher of 6 cruise missiles each. 
Despite the fact that the main competitor of Virginia, the Russian multi-purpose nuclear submarine of project 885 Yasen, due to well-known political and economic reasons, entered service much later, the level of solutions regarding the power plant, weapons, on-board electronics and controls is such that for sure, after studying some of the parameters, gray-haired generals will be added to the headquarters of the US Navy. Perhaps we should start with the main thing - the Yasen's armament consists mostly of cruise missiles, of which as many as thirty-two can be accommodated in the submarine's hull. In order to understand whether this is a lot or a little, one should turn to the practical side of the issue - combat (albeit hypothetical) shooting.
“If we take into account the number of missiles and compare this figure with the number of ships in the aircraft carrier strike group, then it can be determined by calculations that one Yasen SSGN with a salvo of 32 anti-ship missiles can hit an AUG of three aircraft carriers. True, such a salvo has not yet been worked out in order to test it in practice, ”military expert Alexei Leonkov notes in an interview with the Zvezda TV channel. Of course, a grouping always (if necessary) works on the AUG and a single operation of a nuclear submarine for a dozen ships is unlikely, but as the experts explain, there is a technical possibility to carry out such an “event”. Many of those who watched the world-famous video of the firing of Caliber missiles by the Caspian flotilla for one and a half thousand kilometers do not even suspect that a Russian submarine can also use similar missile weapons. "Ash" can launch anti-submarine torpedo missiles 91RE1 "Caliber", which are capable of destroying submarines of any displacement. 
Experts immediately note that the American Virginia also has similar weapons, while omitting one important circumstance - the speed characteristics of Tomahawks fired from torpedo tubes and anti-submarine Calibers differ significantly. “The first stage of the 91RE1 torpedo ensures its movement under water, then it emerges from under the water and climbs at a speed of 2-2.5 M due to the operation of the second stage. The missile flies along a controlled trajectory towards the detected target. Hitting a target at a distance of 40-50 km occurs almost instantly,” explains Alexey Leonkov. But that's not all. Yasen launchers can be equipped with X-101 cruise missiles with a range of more than five thousand kilometers. Considering that the tests of these missiles from aircraft carriers were successful, we can conclude that there are practically no obstacles to equipping a submarine with such weapons. The number of launchers, as well as the characteristics of the rocket, also suggest that the issue of destroying any, even a well-protected enemy, can be solved "from the neighboring sea" without appearing on the horizon. In addition, according to the developers, the design of the launch silos of the Project 885 Yasen submarine is such that they can be loaded with any sea-based cruise missiles in service with the Navy. Transition boats or technology hunters Wins "Ash" from "Virginia" and differently important indicator: the maximum diving depth is 488 meters for an American submarine versus 600 for a Russian submarine. And although the key characteristics of the American and Russian boats, such as speed, the exact number of crew, forces and means of detection, and other data will not be available to the public for a long time (and most likely never at all), it should be understood that Ash and Virginia » are not at the top of technological progress. The thing is that from the very moment when the active construction of submarines and their use began, work and research aimed at detecting submarines started at the same time. Experts note that this is why such a thing as an “acceptable noise level” for modern submarines simply ceased to exist - each next generation of nuclear submarines, whether they are "strategists" with nuclear missiles "behind their backs" or naval fighters like the "Ash" should be inaudible to the enemy's hydroacoustics. Hundreds of dissertations have been written on the part of reducing the noise of a submarine, and the specialized research institutes have probably been struggling for several years over the layout of equipment inside the hull. A breakthrough solution, according to experts, could be the rejection of the use of turbines in nuclear submarines and their exclusion as a source of noise on board with a passing transition to electric motors. The “electrical” circuit, as experts explain, will solve several problems at once. 
First, it will be possible to reduce the noise level and in fact make the huge submarine inaudible to modern sonar stations. Secondly, it will be possible to “play” with the space inside the submarine itself and place other mechanisms and devices in the vacated space. The Americans are already actively working in this direction - in particular, the Block V version of Virginia-class submarines is being developed precisely with an electric drive of the main shaft, without the use of turbines and compressors. However, according to experts, there are certain difficulties in the implementation of this program that American engineers cannot yet overcome. Both Ash and Virginia in this sense are laboratories for testing new technologies, and it would be completely fair to think about refusing to build " Ash" and focus on more technologically advanced nuclear submarines. But here, as they say, there is a peculiarity. “On average, new project requires a minimum of 7-8 years to develop. And we need to put something into service now, ”said military expert Viktor Murakhovsky in an interview with the Zvezda TV channel website. Then there is pure mathematics. Or rather, the economy.
Considering the opinion of experts that the cost of production of the lead submarine of project 885 "Ash" is at least half the production of American multi-purpose nuclear submarines, and the price of production of all subsequent submarines of project 885M with improved characteristics will decrease by another third, we can conclude that the Russian Navy will receive only modern multi-purpose nuclear submarines, but it will also spend much less money on it than the American "colleagues". A huge help in this case will be the list of technical solutions already implemented in Yasen and planned for use in the construction of fifth-generation multi-purpose nuclear submarines. According to CEO St. Petersburg Marine Engineering Bureau "Malachite" Vladimir Dorofeev, it was the work on the project 885 "Ash" that largely determined the appearance of the fifth generation submarines, the production of which is scheduled after 2020. Despite the fact that the Russian Navy has only one Project 885 submarine at its disposal, one can clearly observe the nervousness of the American military. The task that the US military will have to solve after the entire series of project 885 submarines enters service will be formulated approximately as follows: “Calculate how many ships can be destroyed by one submarine of project 885, if in the planned series of six (and according to other sources, eight ) submarines each carry 32 missiles. Judging by the level of attention paid to the latest submarines, if we compare the range of weapons used on Project 885 submarines and add to this the level of cooperation completely lost several decades ago and restored, then the Ash is not only a component of the non-nuclear deterrence of a potential adversary, but also demonstrates the readiness of the industry to create not just test ships, but to build warships that are ready to perform the assigned tasks immediately after the tests. Apparently, it was no coincidence that American experts dubbed the submarines
Russia is reportedly planning to build "the world's largest aircraft carrier" to bolster its defenses and compete with the US in this area.
The aircraft carrier "Storm" will be able to carry 90 combat aircraft on its board and will cost about $17.5 billion, the British edition notes, citing Russian media.
This ship, now known as Project 23000, could be ready by 2030. However, whether it really will become the largest aircraft carrier in the world, as Moscow claims, is a moot point.
His specifications, the article notes, are similar to the characteristics of American Nimitz-class aircraft carriers. And one of the experts even told the media that the design of the American aircraft carrier USS Gerald R. Ford will be taken as the basis of the ship, the publication claims.
According to the project, the deck of the new aircraft carrier will be the size of three football fields, and the crew will be up to 4,000 people. The ship will become so large that, according to The Independent, it will have its own zip code.
Currently, Russia has only the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, which was launched back in 1985. In terms of its capabilities, it is seriously inferior to the Storm ship.
Russian aircraft carrier of the future. Project 23000 Storm
A promising multi-purpose heavy supercarrier of the future - Shtorm (project 23000), is being developed in the Russian state scientific center them. Krylov (St. Petersburg) in cooperation with the Nevsky Design Bureau.
The ship is aimed at performing various tasks in the far ocean and sea zones. It will be capable of delivering strikes against enemy ground and sea targets with the help of its own weapons and aircraft of the aviation group, as well as providing air defense.
The main requirements presented by the High Command of the Navy to the new Russian aircraft carrier are autonomy and mobility. The ship must transfer all the necessary equipment and equipment to the right place and in a short time. And the air group must provide patrols and quickly increase its presence in a given region.
At the same time, Storm should have ample opportunities both in terms of the use of carrier-based aircraft and in terms of the combat effectiveness of operations as part of heterogeneous forces. On the newest aircraft carrier the tasks of detecting and destroying enemy submarine and surface assets, attacking enemy infrastructure facilities on land and protecting their own fleet will be assigned.
The concept of a new multifunctional aircraft carrier
The concept of a new multifunctional aircraft carrier provides for the deployment of up to 100 aircraft. Aircraft and helicopters of five different types will be placed and secured at the stern and bow of the aircraft carrier.
The aircraft carrier will have a practically “bare” deck. Instead of a massive tower, there are two "islands" of control (two island superstructures). This will save space on the deck and reduce the radio visibility of the ship at sea.
The aircraft carrier will be equipped with a RITM-200 two-reactor power plant with a capacity of 175 MW.
Storm will have a hybrid aircraft launch system - two electromagnetic catapults (EMALS) to accelerate aircraft and two springboards (a total of 4 launch positions on the flight deck). The length of the runway of one of the springboards will exceed 250 meters. The landing of aircraft will be provided by one arrester (a device based on a cable that dampens the landing speed). To save space, the aircraft lifts will be of vertical and swing type.
Storm will be equipped with an integrated combat control system. The electronic complex of the aircraft carrier will include integrated sensors, including radar stations with an active phased antenna array (radar with AFAR).
The aircraft carrier will ensure the takeoff and landing of the latest generation aircraft and helicopters even in a storm. Under the takeoff deck and in optimized control superstructures, the latest nuclear power plant, effective missile and electronic weapons will be placed. Usage missile weapons- this is one of the most interesting moments in determining the appearance of the future ship.
Four S-500 Prometheus modules will be responsible for the air defense of the ship at once. With such an air defense quartet, an aircraft carrier will be able to simultaneously detect, fire and destroy up to 10 airborne aerodynamic or supersonic ballistic targets at once at a distance of 800 kilometers. Air defense targets can be aircraft, helicopters, UAVs, medium-range missiles, supersonic cruise missiles and intercontinental ballistic missile warheads, as well as objects flying at speeds up to 7000 meters per second. Plus, the aircraft carrier will be equipped with two anti-torpedo protection systems.
A single-seat MiG-29K and a two-seat MiG-29KUB (4++ generation fighters) will solve the problem air defense and gaining air supremacy, hitting targets with guided precision weapons at any time of the day and in any weather.
The placement of anti-ship missiles on the ship (on a basic permanent basis) is not planned. But this by no means prohibits the placement on an aircraft carrier (according to a good tradition), 4-8 20-foot removable containers with missile system Club-K, or Zircon hypersonic anti-ship missiles. The placement of 8 containers with Club-K on board the aircraft carrier means that it is armed with 32 high-precision attack cruise missiles. Container Club-K - will ensure the defeat of both surface and ground targets. The complex is a modification of the well-known Caliber missile system. Inside the containers of the complex, launchers with 3M-14, Kh-35 or 3M-54 missiles are hidden, capable of hitting both land and large surface targets at a long distance. For example, the 3M-54 missile is capable of destroying even an aircraft carrier, and the flight range of the KR 3M14 with nuclear warheads / FBCHs is 2650 and 1600 km, respectively.
The task of collecting information about the enemy and monitoring air, ground and surface space, as well as guiding aircraft to detected targets will be provided by a radar control point and a radar patrol and guidance point based on the Yak-44E aircraft. The submarines will be fought by Ka-32/Ka-27 helicopters armed with torpedoes, depth charges, missiles and mines.
The hull of the ship will be optimized so that the water resistance will be reduced by 20-30%. The latter will provide significant energy savings and the ability to increase the speed and autonomy of the ship. Note that the movement of the vessel with a drag of 30% less than that of the traditional hull contour means that with conventional power it will be possible to have a cruising range of 30% more and the fuel consumption will also decrease.
As you can see on the Storm they will use the best developments domestic and Western schools for the creation of ships of this class. In the project, great importance is given to the possibilities for providing aeronautics for carrier-based aviation. For example, according to the project, the maximum width of the flight deck will exceed 80 meters, the composition of the double deck was adopted from the UK. At the same time, it is planned to create a smooth flight deck.
As an innovation, an improved aircraft carrier hull design can be singled out, which can significantly reduce water resistance and increase its efficiency and seaworthiness.
The military power of the ship is significantly enhanced by the deployment and use of an airborne early warning and guidance aircraft (AWACS) on it.
In general, it can be noted that Storm will become a multi-purpose aircraft carrier that will serve as a sea airport. In Soviet times, carrier-based aircraft performed anti-submarine, defensive and air defense missions, and the aircraft carrier was positioned as a military cruiser designed for sea attacks at long distances.
TTX aircraft carrier Storm:
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