Demanded professions in 10 years. "Centaurs" will come to the digital school. Continuing the theme: - survey, real data from readers

The choice of a profession is a question that everyone faces. From early childhood, a person tries to understand what place he will occupy in adulthood. Someone sincerely believed in the career of a firefighter, someone wanted to become a ballet actor, and some dreamed of selling sweets to children. Unfortunately or fortunately, not all children's wishes come true. With age comes understanding: the ideal profession is not only a favorite, but also a demanded business. Current schoolchildren and applicants must anticipate changes in the labor market. In this regard, you should deal with the list of professions in demand in 2020-2025. It should be capacious and justified - then it will be possible to use the freedom of choice.

What was relevant before

The first professions appeared before the rise of civilization. Then among the ancient people had a clear, concrete character. The task of the man was to ensure the safety of the "home", women and children. He also had to provide the tribe with food. Women, on the other hand, raised children and made sure that the fire in the family hearth always warmed the household. The redistribution of responsibilities appeared when humanity began to change their usual way of life. Nomadic tribes became sedentary, development began Agriculture. There was such a profession as a farmer.

The hard physical labor with which people cultivated the land prompted society to invent more convenient devices. There was a craft. Over time, the specialties of potters and blacksmiths were born - these were professions associated with the future. Dynasties of masters constantly improved their skills, which triggered progress. Eventually, this led to the fact that there are currently about forty thousand different professions.

Emergence of a narrow specialization

Already in the twentieth century, there was an urgent need for a division of labor. If earlier "jacks of all trades" were indispensable and in great demand, then in the conditions of congestion in the labor market and a constant increase in demand for goods, narrow specialists were needed. The first to understand this was Henry Ford, who divided the production of cars into conditional workshops. In each of them, a separate part of the general mechanism was produced. People worked where they were more successful. The result was an increase in output finished products several times. Ford's example was adopted by other major manufacturers, and now every enterprise uses the assembly line method.

How was the progress

In industrial Russia, throughout the twentieth century, traditional factory workers were popular, they received a good salary, and young people, wanting to be useful, went to work with pleasure. large enterprises. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, many factories lost their stability. started new era in the labor market - the development of the service sector. Construction developed no less actively - large cities were built up with high-rise buildings. Thus, at the beginning of the 2000s, the professions of a builder, a bricklayer, a plasterer, as well as managers, waiters, specialists in the field of restaurant and tourism business and other service workers.

In 2007, society was increasingly wondering what professions would be in demand in 10 years. Applicants understood that the whole subsequent life depends on their choice. Then the ratings of the professions of the future were full of sales managers, marketers, customer service specialists, IT engineers, lawyers, economists and some others. This suggests that at that time the service sector continued to develop and the demand for qualified specialists was constantly increasing. But even then the trend of development in the field of scientific research began.

Scientific development today

Now scientific research is given a decisive place. The future development of the country and society depends entirely on the daily achievements of scientists. Features of scientific development are that there is a clear division of science into several independent disciplines. This makes it possible to address relevant issues in more detail. Research and experiments at this stage of human development are primarily aimed at solving environmental problems. So, an expert in the field of alternative energy will be in great demand on the labor market in a few years. Equally important is the field of medicine, since the extension of life and the improvement of its quality are paramount issues of our time.

Medical Professions

The development of technology allows specialists to constantly improve. However, this medal has another side: employees need to improve their skills and undergo retraining programs. Undoubtedly, the results pay off all efforts - after all, they prolong human life.

The future is theirs

It is easier to present a list of professions in demand in 2020-2025 as a list:

1. Surgeon. This specialist must keep up with the times. So, already in 2012, an operation was performed to implant the implant of the lower jaw, which was previously printed on a 3D printer. Operations to implant artificial organs, such as kidneys, liver, and even the heart, are not unknown. The ability to use completely new technologies is the most important skill of a successful specialist of the future.
2. Health Manager. The representative of this profession will have to select a team of scientists, engineers, developers and researchers and coordinate them joint work to achieve commercially viable goals.
3. Medical device architect. This is a symbiosis of the profession of engineer and medical worker. This specialist will develop the design of medical equipment, as well as ensure its normal functioning. This profession is also called "bioengineer". Where to study? In higher education institutions that have directions "medical photonics", "biotechnical and medical devices and systems", "computer technologies in medical physics".
4. genetic consultant. This is a specialist in the field of genetics, which reveals hereditary diseases, determines individual characteristics metabolism and examines diseases that cause viral and bacterial infections.
5. Molecular nutritionist. The duties of a representative of this profession will include the study of the molecular composition of food and the development of an individual diet for each patient.

Industry

In order to understand the question of what professions will be in demand in 10 years, one should analyze the economic development of the country at the present time. The leading sector of the economy in Russia is industry. This is the most important factor influencing the development of the state. A specialist who has connected his life with this area will never be left without work.

Where to go?

Types of industry:

• Food.
• Light.
• Chemical.
• Mining.
• Metallurgy (ferrous and non-ferrous).
• Mechanical engineering and metalworking.
• Fuel and electric power.
• Coal, oil and gas.
• Lesnaya.

Thus, industry provides society with everything that is necessary for its normal functioning. The food industry of the future, for example, is developing new varieties of plants that humanity eats. The number of vacancies in industry is always higher than in other industries. In addition, there is a need to optimize production, so that, in addition to representatives of working professions, the work of economists, biologists, and many other specialists will be useful here.

Indispensable in industry

So what are the most in-demand professions in 2020-2025? The list will look like this:

1. Design engineers who will design new equipment and invent more modern technology.
2. Nanotechnologies whose field of work is ultra-modern nanotechnologies.
3. Chemists, biotechnologists, petrochemists, employed in all branches of the chemical industry: from household chemicals to complex chemicals used in production.
4. Seamstresses, textile workers, cutters whose labor will always be in demand in
5. Lumberjacks, locksmiths, sawyers that ensure the correct distribution of forest resources.

Occupations in demand in 2020-2025: list for men

Many primordially male professions were also mastered by women over time. So, now ladies can be not only drivers and bosses, but also politicians, policemen, assemblers. But, despite the wide distribution of such professions among the fairer sex, some areas are much more suitable for men. These include the professions of a sailor, pilot, miner, lumberjack, plumber, bodyguard, security specialist, firefighter, military, as well as a builder or scientist. The most promising areas for men are:

• Programming.
• Design.
• Engineering.
• Cyberprosthetics.
• City-farming (organization of production of farm products in a metropolis).
• Space industry - spacecraft piloting, cosmogeology and galactic architecture.

It so happened that more men than women are endowed with a technical mindset. This plays into the hands of the stronger sex: the rapid development of science and industry requires not only an increase in the number of workers, but also the involvement of technical minds. Design, drawing, planning, organization and optimization of production require a strong and strong-willed person at the head of the table. Often these positions are held by men.

In-demand professions in 2020: a list for girls

Representatives of the beautiful half of humanity are not inferior to the male part of the population. Diligence, punctuality, clarity of action and non-standard approach distinguish female professionals from the vast majority of male colleagues. The ability to adequately overcome difficulties at work in our time is also inherent in ladies. Thus, the areas of work for women are very diverse: from creative specialties, in which girls are traditionally considered professionals, to complex technical sciences. This includes the work of a teacher, a marketing, tourism or advertising manager, a realtor, a designer in all areas, as well as a psychologist and even a security specialist.

The most demanded "female" professions in ten years will be the following professions:

• Journalist.
• Editor.
• Nanomedica.
• Space travel manager.
• Game teacher (specialist in teaching children in a playful way).
• Mind fitness trainer (brain training).

Women will not be left without work. A stable life position, activity, enterprise, which coexist calmly with tenderness and complaisance, will always come in handy in the labor market. Not a single direction is complete without the participation of a female hand. In addition, among the students of the country's leading universities, the overwhelming majority are representatives of the weaker sex. Educated girls are able not only to build a brilliant career, but also to teach important knowledge their children.

How to choose the ideal profession?

Applicants are faced with a difficult choice: to go to study in the direction to which the soul lies, or to choose an unloved, but demanded profession? Everyone decides this for himself. However, careerists who are successful in their field advise finding a middle ground. Not a single profession, even the most relevant in the future, guarantees complete financial security. How it will turn out future life of a person, depends only on his desire to move and develop within the framework of his direction. But do you want to grow in an unloved business? Definitely not. Therefore, you need to go where it will be interesting to work in the first place, and the rest will follow.

Development of science and technology

The rate of progress is impressive. Literally ten years ago, mankind could not imagine what the science of today would be capable of. And even now it is difficult to believe that implants of vital organs can be printed on a 3D printer, that the space tourism industry not only exists, but is also actively developing. That nanotechnologies occupy a leading place in the development of industry. It is difficult to imagine what the professions in demand will be in 2020-2025. The list can only be conditional. But one thing is clear for sure: the future will not be able to do without qualified specialists. So, you need to learn, develop and work on yourself a lot.

People, and especially those just entering life, have always been interested in the question of what professions will become especially needed by the time they, having completed educational institution, start their professional activity. And getting an answer to it in our incredibly dynamically changing world is not at all easy.

To understand what professions are in demand in the next 10 years, an analysis of those trends that have the most significant impact on the labor market will allow. Chief among them is that the size of the share of labor conventionally referred to as manual is steadily declining, while intellectual labor is increasing. And this is not contradicted by the fact that the rating of professions for the next 10 years, for example, in our country, includes many so-called working specialties - the same turners, millers, etc. The fact is that it is quite difficult to call manual labor of a person working on a CNC machine. So the notion working profession"is by no means a synonym for the concept of" unskilled labor ".

Occupations in demand in the next 10 years

It seems that such professions should be distinguished by certain characteristic features, among which the following can be distinguished:

• enough high degree intellectuality;
• high level of labor automation;
• increased specialization at the expense of universalism;
• the constant need for advanced training and even retraining;
• big informatization;
• the need for constant growth of all professional characteristics and their self-improvement.

Promising professions for the next 10 years

Consider the professions in demand in the next 10 years, the list of areas in which they operate includes several positions:

• Technical professions: engineers, mechanics, electricians, adjusters, technologists, etc.
• IT professions: programmers, Internet technologists, system administrators and etc.
• Biotechnologists, bioengineers, breeders, etc.
• Architects, builders, designers, infrastructure specialists, etc.
• Specialists working with minerals, i.e. those who carry out their exploration, extraction and processing.
• Professionals from the field of atomic physics: nuclear scientists, nuclear engineers, etc.
• Specialists in working with such energy sources, which today are commonly called renewable and alternative.
• Professionals working in the field of chemistry and related fields: chemical technologists, biochemists, pharmacists, space chemists, etc.
• Nanotechnologies.
• Professions related to space, as well as to the oceans.

Most promising professions in the next 10 years, do not cancel the relevance of those that are in demand today.

Actual professions for the next 10 years

It seems that in the coming years, not only will they not cease to be relevant, but will also increase the degree of their demand for such professions as:

• Doctors, who are provided with ever greater opportunities by the rapid development of all types of technologies from year to year, however, require constant professional development and self-improvement. The most important reason for the relevance of this profession in the future are serious health problems observed all over the world: the emergence of previously unknown diseases, an increase in the degree of psycho-emotional stress, a decrease in the quality of nutrition, various wars and conflicts, etc.
• Teachers, the significance of whose profession should finally be understood by our state, as it has long been the case in the most economically powerful states of the East. At the same time, the role of teachers in society should constantly increase, allowing them to directly influence the choice of vectors of social development.
• Specialists of military professions, especially those associated with high-tech military equipment, without which no state, with the possible exception of dwarf ones, can exist. Already, the armed forces have become so high-tech that they require specialists of the highest level.
• Professions in the field of sports: athletes, coaches, sports doctors, managers, etc., as well as specialists related to physical development and a healthy lifestyle. The role of these professionals will also become more essential, fueled by people's understanding that good health and physical development are the most important factor a fulfilling and successful life.
• Leading employees of high qualification. In our country, this is actually a stumbling block, so the state needs to radically change the approach to training such specialists, focusing on both their professional and moral qualities.

Thus, the most demanded professions for the next 10 years will mostly come from our days, but their content can be greatly transformed, becoming more complex and constantly changing. And those who are going to work in these years need to be prepared for this.

Perhaps you will be interested.

Which university guarantees that tomorrow you will not be left without a job? Why does a chef need a university degree? Who are the "centaurs"? What will the digital school teach? HSE Rector Yaroslav Kuzminov answers questions from RG.

Yaroslav Ivanovich, the most difficult question for young people is where to find a job. Many, when choosing a place of study, are guided by the top 50 in-demand professions. But recently, experts said that the top 50 has little to do with the real needs of the market. How then to choose a future specialty?

Yaroslav Kuzminov: It is becoming more and more difficult to choose a specialty in advance. The labor market is changing in leaps and bounds, and no matter what "promising" specialties universities offer, they may lose their relevance in a few years.

Even 50 years ago - in the 1970s - there were only 5-7 percent of people who were paid for creating something fundamentally new, and not working on detailed tasks. Now in megacities there are already almost a third of such workers. In 25 years, workers with creative tasks will be 35-40 percent.

There is a digital revolution, a person is gradually freed from routine tasks. This is expressed in the disappearance of many professions - dispatcher, accountant, accountant, secretary, PC operator. The remaining professions are becoming more and more creative. A new concept has appeared in the world - "centaurs". This is a teacher, doctor, engineer, equipped with digital assistants that free up time for interesting tasks. The "middle peasants", conscientiously pulling the strap, are gradually being squeezed out of the core of the profession. But if you are ready to "buy education" - you will not become more than an average peasant.

Does it make sense to enter the profile classes of schools?

Yaroslav Kuzminov: Look in advance for what you are interested in, try yourself in it. Hundreds of specialized senior classes have been created in Moscow - from engineering and natural sciences to medical and cadet classes - you can "try on" yourself for different professions. We created a lyceum at HSE several years ago - there you can sort through all the university sciences that are not at school, find something that will captivate you. And if you liked archeology or astronomy, go there, don't listen to the advice "it's not promising", "they don't earn". A true professional is always in demand and earns well. And not only in Russia - the labor market has acquired a truly global character.

Successful high school graduates need to look for a strong university. Focus on the one with the highest average USE score in your field. After all, the quality of education is a derivative of three factors. Your own efforts, the quality of the teachers and the quality of the students who study with you.

Tablets already have 80 percent of families. Buying for the remaining 20 is quite realistic for the state. A photo: Alexander Ryumin / TASS

What to prepare for those who go to technical schools and colleges? Will they find a use for themselves?

Yaroslav Kuzminov: The economy has a steady demand for skilled performers, be it workers or service workers, nurses or operators technological complexes. This will not change in the foreseeable future - about a third must "work with their hands." In the work of the performer, the role of qualification and responsibility also increases. Everyone needs such an employee, and he is paid a lot.

Throughout the world over the past 20 years, the social status of skilled workers has risen and practically equaled the status of people of mental labor.

"Centaurs" are a teacher, doctor, engineer equipped with digital assistants

The problem with Russia today is that colleges are often attended by those who are simply not motivated to study. And schoolchildren who can find themselves in "working with their hands", as a rule, study better and enter universities. Often they are already higher education, then they find themselves precisely in the work of a worker, driver, farmer. According to the Association of Restaurateurs and Hoteliers, 90 percent of chefs in Moscow restaurants are people with non-core higher education who entered the profession at the age of 25-30.

What to do? It is necessary to start introducing technology to schoolchildren from the age of 11-12, to show a number of professions in practice.

How to integrate technology into the curriculum of schoolchildren?

Yaroslav Kuzminov: Technologies that allow you to get acquainted with professions exist today. This, for example, computer games- strategies, simulations and role-playing. You can fly a stormtrooper, build a house in 3D, manage a restaurant. This can be an initial career guidance platform. The next step is practice real production. Game approaches to training and career guidance were born a long time ago, it’s just that their application in reality should not lag behind the development of technology. It is necessary to develop class, school, interschool competitions, Olympiads in applied skills.

We have 46,000 schools, 26 of them are rural, where there is not always even a warm toilet. 3D modeling, production practices - aren't forecasts too bold?

Yaroslav Kuzminov: By 2021, every locality, where more than 100 people live, there will be Wi-Fi at the school. Today, 80 percent of families have tablets; buying them for the remaining 20 percent of schoolchildren is quite realistic for the state.

What will be taught in the digital school?

Expressed concern about the current state of labor markets and educational services and urged to balance them relative to each other.

On Thursday, at a government meeting dedicated to the plans of the Ministry of Education and Science for 2008, Zubkov stated that today no more than a third of school graduates enter primary and secondary vocational education institutions, and only half of them choose technical specialties. “But the need for qualified personnel in the real sector of the economy is very high, the country is developing, and highly qualified personnel are needed in different industries", the prime minister said.

"Currently, the faculties of management, management, law are especially popular. As a rule, they have big competitions. I am convinced that in the coming years the labor market will be oversaturated with specialists of this kind. Currently, graduates of the faculties of natural sciences are more valued in the distribution" - said Sadovnichy.

The rector of Moscow State University also noted that in the near future Russia "will face a shortage of specialists in the field of high technologies."

At a government meeting on Thursday, the Prime Minister noted, among other things, that it is very difficult to meet the needs of the real sector of the economy in personnel due to the lack of a system for analyzing and forecasting personnel needs and the labor market. In addition, Zubkov recalled that the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, headed by Andrey Fursenko, is responsible for state policy in the field of education, science, scientific, technical and innovative activities, guardianship, guardianship and education.

Meanwhile, large recruitment agencies regularly make their ratings of the demand for specialists in the service market. Thus, according to the findings of HeadHunter, last year the greatest demand in the labor market was for specialists in finance, sales, as well as for technical and engineering personnel. 8 positions from the list of 25 most scarce professions were positions from the IT sector. The list also includes specialists in insurance, construction and real estate, consulting and administrative staff.

3 years ago, employers were looking for sales managers, a year later - specialists with economic education and sales specialists. The companies needed sales representatives, directors of sales and commercial directors, Marketing Specialists. And in a few years, engineers, chemists, biologists and environmentalists will take the leading positions in the ranking of specialties.

According to experts, in 10 years, a dozen in-demand professions will look like this:

Engineers. Already, there is an acute shortage of professional engineers, technicians and middle managers in production. A combination of technical and economic or legal education will be especially appreciated.

IT professionals and computer hardware developers. This is not surprising, computers have firmly entered our lives. Now the smallest gap between the needs of the market and the release of young specialists is in the IT industry, but it is difficult to predict the need for specialists five years ahead.

Specialists in the field of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is expected to cover mechanical engineering, space technologies, food industry, medicine, etc.

Specialists in electronics and biotechnology. Biotechnologies are used in molecular medicine, in biopharmaceutical production and in other industries. The purpose of scientific developments may be, for example, the creation of new sources of food or electronic circuits based on living microorganisms.

Marketers. It is predicted that in 10 years Russian market there will be a glut of goods and services. And therefore, marketers will be required - company strategists who manage a system focused on the production of various benefits and satisfaction of the interests of producers and consumers.

Service professionals. Incomes of the population are growing, the number of the middle class is growing, which means that the need for quality service will increase. Moreover, the demand for professions in the service sector, as the experience of Western European countries and the United States shows, will increase annually.

Logistics. Russia's integration into the world market will require an influx of professional logisticians.

Ecologists. It is assumed that in the future more and more space will be occupied by the problems of conservation environment. The growth of harmful emissions into the atmosphere puts environmental problems in one of the first places in the future global world.

Medics. In particular, the growth in demand in this area is associated with the search for means of life extension.

Chemists. Specialists in the field of chemistry, first of all, will be in demand in the energy sector. Although, as is known, there will be enough oil reserves for the next 10 years, humanity is already working on the development of alternative energy sources.

Among those who in the foreseeable future will find it difficult to find a prestigious and high paying job, the experts named specialists employed in social sphere, science and the public health system. Demand for fashion designers, concert directors, diving instructors, florists, web designers, brokers, distributors and plastic surgeons will also fall.

A well-known futurist, president of the International Academy of Forecasting Igor Bestuzhev-Lada believes that in the more distant future there will be many professions related to the development of information and space technologies, computers, energy: information broker, informologist, computer security specialist, planetary engineer, space botanist, solar power engineer , moon miner, artificial intelligence specialist, cyborg specialist. New specializations in medicine will also be in demand: a medical sonographer, an oncologist-nutritionist, a certified alcoholism consultant, a transplant coordinator, a dance therapist, and a specialist in cryology. In addition, the futurist predicts the emergence of treasure hunters, waste managers and agents to search for talented programmers. "A lot of consultants, apparently, will appear - on the choice of professions, on the organization of leisure, on overcoming shyness, on color, on healthy lifestyle life. They predict the emergence of specialists in the problems associated with idleness and job creators," he says.

The material was prepared by the online editors www.rian.ru based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources