What personal hygiene rules should employees follow. Sanitary requirements for personal hygiene of personnel. Skin rubbing technique

14.11.2019

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The work of workers in many professions is associated with the possible impact on them of harmful and dangerous production factors. Often, work takes place under adverse temperature conditions, in conditions of high humidity, and the performance of work requires great physical effort, etc.

In order to exclude diseases, maintain the health and performance of a worker in such conditions, it is necessary to take appropriate measures, which are united by the concepts of "occupational hygiene" and "personal hygiene of the worker".

Occupational hygiene as a scientific discipline studies the patterns of the impact of factors of the production environment and the labor process and their combinations on the body of the worker, which makes it possible to scientifically substantiate the standards of working conditions, as well as determine the means of prevention occupational diseases and other adverse effects of poor working conditions.

From the point of view of occupational health, working conditions are determined by a combination of various factors, the organization and technology of production, the nature of the labor process, and the sanitary and hygienic conditions for its implementation.

AT modern production, equipped with complex technical systems, sharply increased requirements are imposed on a person, forcing him to work at the limit of his psychophysiological capabilities and in extremely complicated conditions.

Deficiencies in the organization of labor lead to increased intensity and duration of work, the use of overtime work, uncomfortable working posture, prolonged forced position of the body, overstrain of individual muscle groups, organs and body systems.

Many occupations work in dusty and dirty environments, using harmful chemicals and materials. The skin in such conditions is exposed to the combined effects of physical, mechanical and chemical factors.

Water with prolonged contact with the skin dries and degreases it. High or low water temperature exacerbates its effect on the skin. Organic solvents used in production for technological purposes, like water, degrease and dry the skin.

Microbially contaminated cooling and lubricating mineral oils and emulsions, oil, coal tar and its distillates used under industrial conditions can cause the development of pustular diseases.

It becomes obvious that measures to ensure occupational health in the workplace are quite numerous.

Knowledge of the hygienic features of production, as well as adverse factors that may arise during work, will allow you to take the necessary measures to preserve the health and performance of workers.

In this context, two areas of activity can be distinguished:

adaptation of working conditions to a person;

human adaptation to working conditions in the workplace.

The implementation of work in both of these areas in the complex allows you to achieve better results. Some of these problems and ways to solve them are discussed below.

It is well known that during the working day in hot shops the body of workers loses up to several liters of water, and without its replenishment, dehydration of the body can occur. These losses become even greater when operating in hot weather.

The loss of water entails a number of unfavorable changes in the blood for the body. Along with water, the body also loses a large number of the salts he needs (first of all, chlorides (table salt). So, if under normal conditions a person loses about 7-8 g of salt per day, which are then replenished with food, then in hot shops in just one shift, a worker, sweating, can lose 35-60 g of salt.

The lack of water in the human body causes a strong thirst, which becomes stronger, the more salts are washed out of the body. A kind of vicious circle is created.

The total amount of water drunk by workers in one shift in a hot shop can reach 8-10 liters, that is, a whole bucket. This entails a large load on the heart, the number of heart beats in some cases, instead of 64-72 per minute, increases to 150-165.

However, the supply of working hot shops with one benign fresh water does not solve the problem of eliminating thirst. Therefore, it is necessary to add 2-5 g to ordinary water. table salt, and since salt water is not drunk well, it is carbonated and cooled to 8-12 ° C. Carbonated water helps to improve the secretion of gastric juice, since carbon dioxide has an exciting effect on the gastric mucosa.

The practice of using salted carbonated water in hot shops has shown that the amount of water consumed per shift is reduced from 8-10 liters to 4-5 liters, and the overheating phenomena are less pronounced, changes in the blood disappear, the heartbeat decreases, weight loss stops, the general well-being.

Therefore, near workplaces, it should be possible to use drinking water: Drinking fountains that have a protective fence that prevents the drinker's lips from touching the metal part. Along with this, those working in hot shops must also be uninterruptedly provided with salted sparkling water.

Water taps must be marked to distinguish between potable and process water. For drinking, it is better to use disposable cups, or each worker needs to have a separate mug.

The source of drinking water supply should not be located in the toilet room, as well as in those places where water pollution with dust, chemicals and other substances can occur.

In order to combat overheating of the body in hot shops, it is necessary that the supply air be directed directly to the surface of the body of the worker. The temperature and speed of air movement during air showering is set depending on the intensity and severity of the work and the time of year.

The air shower should, if possible, wash the entire surface of the body and have the character of a general shower. To fulfill this requirement, the supply air ducts are equipped with special nozzles that allow you to change the direction of the air flow in the vertical and horizontal planes, depending on the position of the worker. In this case, it is necessary in every possible way to avoid the device of an air shower aimed at the head and back.

Air showers are used not only as stationary, but also as portable units or propeller installations.

In order to increase the cooling effect of air shower installations and especially portable units, water spraying is used. The resulting water-air flow directed to workplace, has a noticeable cooling effect and protects the worker from exposure to radiant heat.

When working in the cold, in unheated rooms, it is necessary not only to prevent excessive heat transfer from the body to the environment, but also to ensure rapid warming of the body and normalization of its physiological functions in cases of cooling.

It is equally important to ensure the free (unhindered) evaporation of sweat released on the surface of the body. Its amount during hard work can reach significant values even at low ambient temperatures. Any delay in the evaporation of sweat will cause wetting of clothes and contribute to hypothermia of the body after work, since wet clothes, wet shoes, having a large heat capacity, are good conductors of heat and sharply increase heat transfer.

One of the means of protecting workers from hypothermia is rational clothing, shoes and gloves. The fabrics from which they are made must be not only low heat-conducting and moisture-absorbing, but also breathable. Fabrics and materials of this kind primarily include woolen cloth, woolen knitwear, fur, wadding and some types of cotton fabrics.

The cut of clothing when working in the cold should not restrict movement and prevent ventilation under clothing.

Another important measure to prevent hypothermia is the establishment of periodic breaks in work and the arrangement of rooms for heating workers. It is desirable to equip these rooms with radiant panel heating or provide them with an air temperature of 26 °C. Boilers for making hot tea are installed in the rooms for heating workers.

At the end of the working day, when working in the cold, it is desirable to use a water shower with a water temperature of 35-40 ° C for 10 minutes in order to more quickly eliminate the physiological changes caused by cooling.

Workers whose clothes and shoes get wet during work should be able to dry them by the start of the next shift. For this, special dryers are arranged.

It is also necessary to have special rooms for changing into working clothes, as well as for airing and drying wet clothes. This contributes to the observance of working rules of personal hygiene and cleanliness.

To protect workers outdoors from adverse meteorological conditions, in addition to appropriate overalls and protective devices, rooms for heating, awnings, tents for protection from solar radiation and precipitation should be provided.

Ensuring occupational health in the workplace is closely related to what is called "work culture". Proper organization of providing workers with everything necessary, the rhythmic supply of raw materials, components, tools and technological equipment to workplaces, the timely removal of unnecessary items, production waste and finished products eliminate clutter and littering of workplaces.

Production, auxiliary and sanitary premises must be equipped with general exchange supply and exhaust ventilation and heating.

The use of dust suction machines ensures the cleaning of equipment from dust, chips, the proper maintenance of oil pipelines, pumps, filters eliminates the splashing of emulsion and oil around the room, etc.

Of great importance in increasing the protective forces of the working organism is the implementation of measures aimed at neutralizing and weakening the adverse effects on the working organism of harmful factors of the production environment and the labor process.

The current legislation provides for the free distribution of milk, therapeutic and preventive nutrition, and vitamin preparations.

To prevent diseases and increase labor productivity, it is necessary to do industrial gymnastics every day at the right time.

For those working on personal computers, as well as in conditions of increased psycho-emotional stress, a visit to properly equipped relaxation rooms is shown during the working day. Rest in such rooms in combination with gymnastic exercises allows you to relieve fatigue of the eyes, neck muscles, hands, helps to calm the nervous system, and restore working capacity.

The absence of direct sunlight, noise, vibration and other harmful production factors in the place of rest contributes to greater relaxation and recuperation.

Therefore, sanitary facilities, which include drinking water supply, locker rooms, showers, rooms for rest and shelter from bad weather, for eating, help to relieve fatigue and have a positive effect on the health of workers.

Hygienic requirements provide for the arrangement of sanitary facilities for various purposes: dressing rooms, washrooms, showers, psycho-emotional unloading rooms, women's personal hygiene rooms, health centers, eating rooms, etc., as well as the functioning of water supply systems, sewerage, heating, ventilation, etc.

As has been repeatedly mentioned above, the availability of special clothing is of great importance in ensuring occupational health. Workwear protects the human body from exposure to harmful factors external environment conditioned production processes, and also ensures that hygiene requirements are met during work where compliance with these requirements is mandatory.

Overalls are used to protect against:

harmful vapors and gases in the air of industrial premises or emitted from equipment;

actions on the skin of acids, alkalis and other aggressive chemical compounds;

contact with highly polluting substances;

sparks and splashes of molten metal;

possible contact with the flame; exposure to radiant energy; constant dampness and getting wet; infection during the processing of certain materials; cold when staying in conditions of low temperature; wounds when processing materials with sharp corners and edges.

Overalls for any profession must meet certain requirements, namely: to reliably protect against industrial hazards, to ensure normal thermoregulation of the body, to be light and comfortable, not restricting movements when worn, and to be well cleaned of dirt.

In order to ensure sanitary and hygienic conditions during the performance of a number of works, workers at enterprises for the production and sale of food products, in medical institutions, at consumer service enterprises, etc., are issued sanitary clothing.

To reduce the adverse impact on the worker harmful substances measures should be taken to minimize contact with such substances. The limitation of such contact is primarily achieved by technological and sanitary-hygienic measures. For these purposes, personal protective equipment is also used.

However, only these measures and means cannot always achieve reliable protection of the skin of the worker in production conditions, especially in the case of exposure to adverse factors on open areas of the body (face, neck, hands), and also when the worker cannot use gloves.

If the work is associated with contamination of hands with hard-to-wash substances, washrooms are equipped with devices for washing hands with special products approved by the sanitary authorities.

When working with various aggressive liquids, preventive pastes and ointments, called "biological gloves", are a reliable means of protecting hands. Being previously applied to the skin, they close it with a protective layer, protecting it from external adverse effects. After finishing work, the applied layer is removed. In such cases, the use of protective pastes (ointments) is often the only means of protecting the skin.

Protective ointments according to their purpose are divided into ointments for protection against:

fats and oils, petroleum products, solvents, varnishes, resins, various hydrocarbons and organic substances (in the absence of water);

water, oil-in-water emulsions, aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, salts and other substances.

According to the physico-chemical properties, the ointments of the first group are hydrophilic substances. They contain mainly substances that are easily wetted by water and soluble in it. This determines the purpose of this group of ointments: applied to the skin, they create a protective layer impervious to organic substances.

The second group of ointments contains mainly hydrophobic substances, not wetted by water and insoluble in it. Ointments of this group protect the skin from the harmful effects of water and aqueous solutions of various substances on it.

big hygienic value has the replacement of mineral oils with their aqueous emulsions.

Not all industrial pollution can be removed from the skin with ordinary soap. Therefore, for these purposes, it is necessary to use special detergents that cleanse the skin. better than soap especially synthetic detergents. In their absence, organic solvents, alkali solutions, etc. are used for this purpose, which, in turn, causes irritation of the skin.

It should be noted that cleaning material for machine tools should be used washed and disinfected. It cannot be used for wiping hands due to contamination with the smallest particles of metal, which can violate the integrity of the skin.

Workers working with cutting fluids should take a warm shower after work and be sure to change outerwear and underwear contaminated with oils.

Work in many professions is accompanied by a great loss of energy, so such workers need to regularly eat high-calorie food prepared in compliance with hygiene standards. Also, such workers should be given the opportunity to:

obtaining potable water;

boiling water and heating food.

Sanitary assessment of the suitability of the source for drinking water supply and the place of water intake from it is carried out on the basis of the conclusion of the local sanitary supervision authority.

In industrial buildings where there are no canteens, it is necessary to organize rooms with tables and chairs designed for cooking food brought from home or purchased at a buffet or store. The place of eating should be protected from exposure to harmful production factors.

To comply with the rules of personal hygiene, it is necessary that:

showers functioned;

in the washrooms there was soap in solid or liquid state, as well as hard brushes for cleaning hands after working with harmful substances;

there were paper towels (personal cloth towels) for drying hands or air hand dryers.

This requires providing workers with the opportunity to wash their hands and shower regularly in order to:

prevent the entry of chemicals into food and, accordingly, prevent their penetration into the body with food or through the skin, as well as prevent the transfer of these substances;

wash away dirt, soot and other contaminants that can enter the body with food and lead to illness;

compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.

Each structural subdivision, service, branch of the organization, as well as each vehicle is provided with first aid kits, equipped with medicines, dressings and other necessary means.

In order to place first-aid kits with medicines and other first aid supplies in these units, rooms or separate places are allocated.

The completeness of first aid kits is carried out in accordance with the standards established by the Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated January 15, 2007 No. 4 “On approval of the lists of investments included in first aid kits medical care, and the order in which they are assembled.

The presence and staffing of units with first aid kits is checked during all types of control over compliance with the requirements of labor protection legislation.

Each employee of the organization should be informed about where first-aid kits with medicines and other first aid supplies are located.

The efforts of the employer in the above and other areas of the activity under consideration will give a better result if the workers themselves comply with the requirements of occupational health and personal hygiene.

Employees are required to comply with the requirements of industrial sanitation and personal hygiene provided for by applicable laws and other regulations.

Each employee is obliged to use means of individual or collective protection against the adverse effects of working environment factors and potential production risks.

The employee is obliged to maintain in good condition the machines, equipment, tools and other equipment allocated to him for the performance of work. The employee is obliged to use the equipment allocated to him for its intended purpose, to perform the assigned work. It is forbidden to use equipment, devices and tools for personal purposes.

It is forbidden:

smoking in places where such a ban is established in accordance with the requirements of safety and industrial sanitation;

leave personal and special clothing and personal belongings outside the places intended for their storage;

bring or consume alcoholic beverages, come to the organization or be in it in a state of alcoholic, narcotic or toxic intoxication.

It is not recommended to drink too cold or too hot water. The water temperature should be in the range of 15-20 °C. Water should be drunk boiled from a well-washed dish or raw from a fountain. In hot shops, it is recommended to drink sparkling salted water.

Before eating, wash your hands well with soap and dry them with a clean towel or dry with warm air. In order to avoid the ingestion of harmful substances and dust along with food, it is not allowed to eat at the workplace.

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Personal hygiene service personnel. Special clothing

INTRODUCTION

1. PERSONAL HYGIENE OF SERVICE PERSONNEL

2. HYGIENIC TREATMENT OF HANDS OF MEDICAL STAFF

3. NEED TO WEAR MEDICAL CLOTHING

4. THE RULE OF WEARING A MEDICAL CAP, GOWN, SHOES

5. REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONAL UNDERWEAR, CLOTHING, SHOES. WEARING RULES

6. RULES FOR WEARING AND HYGIENIC PROCESSING OF WATCHES, BRACELETS, RINGS, ETC.

CONCLUSION

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

Medical personnel must strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene, because the personal hygiene of medical personnel is something that should never be neglected. This is necessary both for the worker himself and for all patients served by him. And for this reason, every medical worker is obliged to be a real living example of the highest sanitary culture.

Neat and cultured appearance, impeccable compliance with the rules of personal hygiene by medical personnel are necessary conditions when servicing patients. Medical staff should be a model for patients in respecting the rules of personal hygiene, which is of great importance for the prevention of nosocomial infections, both among staff and among patients.

1. PERSONAL HYGIENE OF SERVICE PERSONNEL

All employees entering the hospital are subject to a mandatory medical examination. Junior staff should be literate in the field of sanitary knowledge.

Medical personnel of medical institutions should be provided with sets of change of clothes: gowns, caps or scarves, masks, change of shoes (slippers) in an amount that ensures a daily change of clothes. It should be stored in individual lockers. A set of sanitary clothing should always be available for emergency replacement in case of contamination. Special sanitary clothing for personnel serves as protection against the transfer of infections and distinguishes the position of an employee. Sanitary clothing must be snow-white clean, ironed, of the appropriate size.

Outerwear is stored in the staff cloakroom.

Non-medical personnel performing work (including temporary work) in departments of medical institutions must have a change of clothes and shoes. Change of clothes and shoes should also be provided for medical personnel of other units providing advisory and other assistance.

Nails should be cut short. Technical staff involved in cleaning the premises are not allowed to distribute food.

The staff serving the section with one infection should not have contact with the staff and patients of another section of the infectious diseases department during work.

Pass-type showers are arranged for the personnel of the infectious and disinfection departments.

In order to prevent various diseases associated with medical manipulations, personnel must:

Immediately after the end of the manipulation or procedure, immerse the used medical instruments in a container with a disinfectant solution;

If hands are contaminated with blood, serum, secretions, thoroughly wipe them with a swab moistened with a skin antiseptic, then wash with running water and soap. Handle gloves with a napkin moistened with a disinfectant, then wash them with running water, remove them and wash your hands and treat with a skin antiseptic;

If the patient's biological fluid gets on the mucous membranes of the oropharynx, immediately rinse the mouth and throat with 70% alcohol or 0.05% potassium permanganate solution; if biological fluids get into the eyes, rinse them with a solution of potassium permanganate in water at a ratio of 1:10,000;

For injections and cuts, wash hands without removing gloves with running water and soap, remove seals, squeeze blood out of the wound, wash hands with soap and treat the wound with 5% alcohol tincture of iodine;

If there are microtraumas, scratches, abrasions on the hands, seal the damaged areas with adhesive tape;

For hand skin care, use softening and protective creams that provide skin elasticity and strength.

2. HYGIENIC TREATMENT OF HANDS OF MEDICAL STAFF

During the hygiene treatment of hands, an employee from among the medical staff must:

1) take scissors, adhesive plaster, cotton swabs, hand sanitizer, liquid soap or disposable packages of solid soap, individual towel, gloves;

2) remove bracelets, rings and other jewelry from hands;

3) remove the varnish coating from the nails, make sure that there are no microtraumas on the hands (if any, seal them with adhesive tape);

4) cut your fingernails short;

5) wipe your hands with a cotton swab dipped in an antiseptic;

6) wet your hands under running water and lather them;

7) rub your palms together;

8) rub the left palm on the back of the right hand, and vice versa;

9) rub your palms together with fingers crossed;

10) grab the first finger of the right hand with the left hand and rub it in a circular motion, repeat the manipulation on the other hand;

11) rub the palm of the other with the fingertips of one hand in a circular motion, repeat the manipulation on the other hand;

12) wash off the soap from the hands with running water so that the water flows down the brushes in the direction from the fingers to the wrists;

13) dry your hands with an individual towel.

Hand hygiene is carried out in two ways:

Hygienic hand washing with soap and water to remove contaminants and reduce microbial counts;

Hand sanitizing to reduce microbial counts to safe levels.

Liquid soap is used to wash hands using a dispenser (dispenser). Dry hands with an individual towel (napkin), preferably disposable.

Hygienic treatment of hands with an alcohol-containing or other approved antiseptic (without prior washing) is carried out by rubbing it into the skin of the hands in the amount recommended by the instructions for use, paying Special attention on the treatment of the fingertips, the skin around the nails, between the fingers. An indispensable condition for effective hand disinfection is keeping them moist for the recommended treatment time. manipulation hygienic treatment antiseptic

When using a dispenser, a new portion of antiseptic (or soap) is poured into the dispenser after it has been disinfected, rinsed with water and dried. Preference should be given to elbow dispensers and dispensers on photocells.

Skin antiseptics for hand treatment should be readily available at all stages of the diagnostic and treatment process. In departments with a high intensity of patient care and a high workload on staff (intensive care units, etc.), dispensers with skin antiseptics for hand treatment should be placed in places convenient for use by staff (at the entrance to the ward, at the bedside of the patient and etc.). It should also provide for the possibility of providing medical workers with individual containers (vials) of small volumes (up to 200 ml) with skin antiseptic.

Use of gloves.

Gloves must be worn in all cases where contact with blood or other biological substrates, potentially or obviously contaminated microorganisms, mucous membranes, damaged skin is possible.

It is not allowed to use the same pair of gloves when in contact (for care) with two or more patients, when moving from one patient to another, or from a contaminated area of the body to a clean one. After removing gloves, hand hygiene is carried out.

When gloves are contaminated with secretions, blood, etc. in order to avoid contamination of hands in the process of removing them, a swab (napkin) moistened with a solution of a disinfectant (or antiseptic) should be removed to remove visible contamination. Remove gloves, immerse them in the product solution, then discard. Treat hands with an antiseptic.

3. NEED TO WEAR MEDICAL CLOTHING

An important role in contact with patients is played by the hygiene of personal and special clothing of medical personnel.

Appropriate appearance disposes the patient to the doctor, promotes the development of trusting relationships. A clean, ironed white coat can calm the patient, convince him of high-quality and qualified treatment, direct him to fight the disease. The confident appearance of the doctor sets the patient up for a favorable outcome of the disease. Wearing medical clothing prevents the introduction of infections "from outside" and the development of nosocomial infections. Wearing a mask or gauze bandage protects the doctor from infection from the patient, and vice versa: infection of the patient from the doctor by airborne droplets. Gloves protect medical personnel from cuts when opening ampoules, injecting, performing operations, from infection through the blood with various infections. Replaceable shoes help to keep the department room clean, prevent dust accumulation, dirt from the street, and this has a positive effect on the patient's condition, promotes his recovery, and facilitates the course of respiratory diseases.

4. THE RULE OF WEARING A MEDICAL CAP, GOWN, SHOES

Important principles of personal hygiene include the rules for wearing medical clothing - a gown and a cap - with its daily change. After coming to work, the doctor can take a hygienic bath or shower. In the departments, two individual lockers are equipped for each employee: in one, when medical personnel come to work, they must leave their clothes and things, in the other, they must store special clothes, work clothes and shoes that they put on before work. At the end of work, personal sanitation must be carried out.

The robe and cap must be clean and ironed. They should be washed at least once a week. The robe should be long enough to cover the hem of the skirt for women and reach the knees for men. Usually the dressing gown is buttoned tightly. It is desirable that his sleeves be long (2/3 length is allowed). Sleeve cuffs must be fastened. The color scheme may vary: light and delicate shades of blue, green, pink, and of course - white. The cap should cover the scalp completely, as dust settles in the hair (the spread of microorganisms is possible). The resistance of young employees, who often see hygiene requirements as excessive, must be overcome through persuasion and administrative pressure. A lot of trouble arises with those fashion lovers who have long beards and hair and do not want to understand that they are the most dangerous staphylococcal reservoir and pose a potential threat to patients.

Slippers are recommended leather with rubberized soles, they are easy to wash and disinfect. In no case is it allowed to wear felt or fur slippers, as they quickly absorb dust and moisture and can serve as a source of nosocomial infections. Slippers should be comfortable so that you can walk in them for a long time, so that your feet do not sweat in them, so that when walking they do not create noise.

Currently, there is a transition to the use of disposable medical suits made of light fabric, which would not have to be sterilized.

Personnel are provided with personal protective equipment in required quantity and appropriate sizes (gloves, masks, shields, respirators, aprons, etc.) depending on the profile of the department and the nature of the work being done.

For the staff of hospitals, a dressing room with a shower and a toilet is provided.

The number of cabinets in the dressing rooms should be taken equal to 100% of the payroll of medical and technical personnel; dressing rooms should be provided with two-section lockable cabinets that provide separate storage of home and work clothes.

The area of dressing rooms for street clothes should be taken at the rate of at least 0.08 m2 per 1 hanger (hook) of the dressing room.

The area of dressing rooms for personal and work clothes of personnel should be taken at the rate of at least 0.5 m2 per 1 closet.

The number of shower cabins in hospitals is taken from the calculation: at least 1 shower cabin for 10 people working in departments of infectious and tuberculosis profiles; in other departments - at least 1 shower cabin for 15 people working in the largest shift. With a smaller number of personnel, at least 1 shower cabin should be provided.

Medical personnel should be provided with sets of change of clothes: gowns, caps, change of shoes in accordance with the equipment sheet, but not less than 3 sets of overalls per worker.
In the operating unit, doctors and other persons involved in the operation must work in sterile gowns, gloves and masks. Replacement shoes must be made of non-woven material.

Laundry of staff clothes should be carried out centrally and separately from the linen of patients.

Change of clothes in the departments of the surgical and obstetric profile is carried out daily and as it gets dirty. In institutions of a therapeutic profile - 2 times a week and as it gets dirty. Replaceable shoes for personnel working in aseptic rooms should be made of non-woven material available for disinfection. Change of clothes and shoes should also be provided for medical personnel of other units providing advisory and other assistance, as well as for engineering and technical workers.

5. REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONAL UNDERWEAR, CLOTHING, SHOES. WEARING RULES

Personal clothing must be cotton. Wool and synthetic fabrics are not allowed in the surgical department, as they are a favorable environment for the spread of infections. Clothing must always be clean. Linen is washed at least once a week, and socks every three to four days. The clothes of medical personnel cannot be too defiant, bright colors. It is not allowed to wear short skirts, open tops. Makeup should also be kept to a minimum. In surgery, as a component of personal clothing, the wearing of tight trousers is recommended for both men and women. Eau de toilette should not be overly smelled by medical personnel, as some patients may be very sensitive to such odors, and this can cause negative emotions. Personal shoes, if possible, should be leather. High heels are excluded, as they create noise when walking, and this can interfere with patients. Street shoes, before entering the hospital, must be washed, or brushed off on the threshold or rug. In the room of the department, shoes change into clean, work slippers.

6. RULES FOR WEARING AND HYGIENIC PROCESSING OF WATCHES, BRACELETS, RINGS, ETC.

If medical personnel wear watches, rings, bracelets, they must be sanitized (wiped with alcohol). As a result, they can lose their appearance, so it is better to exclude them altogether. The rings can tear the gloves, and this can lead to various infections during the operation. Also during the operation, watches will interfere, they are allowed only by anesthesiologists who monitor the time and report it to the surgeons. The cleanliness of the body should be monitored. Fingernails should be trimmed short (two millimeters from the edge of the nail plate) as dirt can accumulate under the nails. Hands should be washed with warm running water and soap before and after each procedure for at least two minutes.

CONCLUSION

Features of work medical worker present high requirements not only to theoretical knowledge and professional skills, but also to moral and ethical character nurse, the ability to behave with dignity in a team, to be merciful with the sick and polite with their relatives.

Compliance with the basic requirements of personal hygiene ensures the correct physical development of the body and helps to reduce the adverse effects of the external environment. Strict implementation of these rules ensures the preservation of health and performance, as well as the extension of human life.

Professional knowledge and strict implementation of the orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on the observance of the sanitary and epidemiological regime, the rules of asepsis and the technique of performing manipulations can prevent the occurrence of post-injection complications and nosocomial infections.

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

1. Order of the Ministry of Health Russian Federation No. 156 dated May 20, 1997 "On employment in medical and pharmaceutical activities in the Russian Federation."

2. Order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR No. 916 dated August 4, 1983 “On approval of instructions on the sanitary and anti-epidemic regime and labor protection for personnel of infectious diseases hospitals (departments)”.

3. Order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR dated 31.07.78. No. 720 "On improving medical care for patients with purulent surgical diseases and strengthening measures to combat nosocomial infections."

4. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations engaged in medical activities. Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.3.2630 - 10.

5. Paleeva N.R. "Handbook of a Nurse for Nursing" edited by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Moscow, 1993

6. Sadikova N.B. "Modern handbook of nurses". Minsk, 1999.

7. Khramova E.Yu., Plisov V.A. “Handbook of a nurse. Practical guide. - 2011. - 511 p.

8. Volkolakov Ya.V. "General Surgery 1983. Care of Surgical Patients" Ch. 3

9. Krasnova A.F. "Nursing" Samara - 1998 - 368s.

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14. Sanitary requirements for personal hygiene of personnel

14.1. Persons employed by companies Catering, are required to undergo a medical examination in accordance with the current Order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR N 555 of September 29, 1989 "On improving the system of medical examinations of workers and drivers of individual vehicles" and attend a course in hygienic training with passing the test.

Prior to submitting the results of medical examinations and passing the test for the sanitary minimum, these persons are not allowed to work.

14.2. Each employee must have a personal medical book, which contains the results of medical examinations, information about infectious diseases, and the passing of the sanitary minimum.

14.3. The staff of the catering establishment is obliged to observe the following rules of personal hygiene:

Come to work in clean clothes and shoes;

Leave outerwear, headgear, personal items in the dressing room;

Cut nails short;

Before starting work, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water, put on clean sanitary clothes, pick up your hair under a cap or scarf or put on a special hairnet;

When visiting the toilet, take off sanitary clothing in a specially designated place, after visiting, wash your hands thoroughly with soap, preferably disinfectant;

If there are signs of a cold or intestinal dysfunction, as well as suppuration, cuts, burns, inform the administration and contact medical institution for treatment;

Report all cases of intestinal infections in the worker's family.

14.4. At public catering establishments it is strictly forbidden:

When preparing dishes, culinary and confectionery products, wear jewelry, varnish your nails, fasten your sanitary clothing with pins;

Eating, smoking in the workplace; eating and smoking are allowed in a specially designated room or place.

14.5. Every day before the start of the shift in cold, hot and confectionery shops, as well as at enterprises that produce soft ice cream, the head of the shop or a medical worker available in the state examines the exposed surfaces of the body for the presence of pustular diseases. Persons with pustular skin diseases, festering cuts, burns, abrasions, as well as catarrhs of the upper respiratory tract are not allowed to work in these workshops, but are transferred to another job. The results of the inspection are recorded in the journal of the established form.

14.6. Each enterprise should have a first aid kit with a set of medicines for first aid.

14.7. Students of secondary vocational schools, students of higher educational institutions and technical schools before passing industrial practice at public catering establishments, they must undergo a medical examination and pass a sanitary minimum.

14.8. Locksmiths, electricians and other workers employed repair work in the production and storage facilities of the enterprise, are required to work in workshops in clean sanitary clothing, carry tools in special closed boxes, and prevent contamination of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products during work.

Personal hygiene of PES workers

All employees of enterprises must observe personal hygiene. At the same time, before starting work, employees and employees at the enterprise must undergo a medical examination in accordance with the current orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (No. 90 dated March 14, 1996, No. 405 dated December 10, 1996, medical examinations (Sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.3.4.545-96) and medical examinations.

In connection with the epidemiological situation, the bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision may conduct an unscheduled bacteriological examination of workers. All newly hired workers must undergo training on a sanitary minimum and pass exams. In the future, exams under the sanitary minimum program after classes are taken every two years. Newly hired workers are allowed to work only after familiarization with the rules of personal hygiene and instructions to prevent foreign objects from entering the finished product.

Before being allowed to work, workers who produce confectionery products with cream must undergo a mandatory daily examination by a medical worker in order to identify injuries and pustular diseases of the skin of the hands, exposed parts of the body, as well as patients with tonsillitis and catarrhal symptoms of the upper respiratory tract.

Workers with cuts, abrasions, burns, pustules, boils, suppuration are not allowed to work on the production of confectionery products with cream.

Employees of a food enterprise must have a personal medical book, in which the results of a medical examination are entered. Employees who are found to have infectious diseases are suspended from work. Persons whose family members are ill with acute intestinal diseases are temporarily suspended from work until the patient is hospitalized and disinfected.

Upon admission to work and in the future, studies are periodically carried out for bacilli and helminth carriers in order to identify bacillus carriers, i.e. actually healthy people, but excreting bacteria - the causative agents of intestinal diseases. Identified bacillus and helminth carriers are removed from work and sent for treatment. To prevent the spread of infectious diseases at the enterprises of the industry, annual preventive vaccinations of the combined vaccine and regular X-ray examination of the chest (fluorography) to identify patients with tuberculosis are mandatory.

All employees of bakery and confectionery enterprises must observe the rules of personal hygiene, as this is one of the main conditions that prevent bacterial contamination of finished products. Sanitary requirements associated with the implementation of personal hygiene rules are as follows: keeping personal and sanitary clothing clean, caring for the cleanliness of the body and hands, hair, maintaining a sanitary regime at work and at home.

Food industry enterprises should have a sanitary checkpoint - a specially equipped room for sanitizing people, disinfecting and disinsection of clothes and shoes.

At enterprises producing confectionery products with cream, before admission to work in each shift, a mandatory examination by a medical worker of a medical institution of all shift workers without exception should be organized.

Inspections are carried out in accordance with the Instructions on daily inspections of employees of enterprises producing confectionery products with cream before starting work

The results of the inspection are recorded in the journal.

It is forbidden to conduct an inspection by shift supervisors, site foremen and other employees of the enterprise.

All workers in production shops are required to comply with the following rules of personal hygiene:

1) come to work in clean personal clothes and shoes; upon entering the enterprise, thoroughly clean clothes;

2) before starting work, take a shower, put on clean sanitary clothes, pick up hair under a cap or scarf; sanitary clothing should be tied; the use of buttons, hooks, etc. is strictly prohibited; it is forbidden to fasten sanitary clothes with pins, needles, keep cigarettes, pins, money and other items in the pockets of dressing gowns, as well as wear beads, earrings, clips, brooches, rings and other jewelry at the workplace; only a neatly hemmed handkerchief can be stored in the pockets of sanitary clothing;

3) keep hands and face clean, cut nails short;

4) do not eat or smoke in production premises; eating and smoking are allowed only in specially designated areas.

Before going to the toilet, sanitary clothes are removed and hung on a hook (hanger) designed for this purpose. After using the toilet, wash your hands with soap and disinfect them with any approved disinfectant.

Keeping hands immaculately clean is of the utmost importance for workers in the food industry. Some operations in the preparation of bakery, rich and flour confectionery products are carried out manually, and there is a risk of bacterial contamination of semi-finished products and finished products. Nails must be cut short, as microorganisms and worm eggs can be under them. Hands should be thoroughly washed with warm water with soap and a brush, and after visiting the toilet, contact with contaminated objects, containers, shoes, after smoking, etc., disinfect with a 0.2% clarified bleach solution, and then rinse with clean water.

On the skin of the hands there should be no scratches, suppuration, burns, cuts, in which there are staphylococci and streptococci. These micro-organisms, when in contact with the product, cause contamination. The wounds should be lubricated with tincture of iodine and such a worker should not be allowed to work related to the direct processing of the product. This is important in the preparation of creams and cream products.

Bakery and confectionery workers must be provided with sanitary clothing. Sanitary clothing is designed to protect food products from possible bacterial and mechanical contamination by the worker's clothing during the preparation or dispensing of finished products. Sanitary clothing includes a dressing gown, jacket, trousers, apron, scarf or cap. Sanitary clothing must be white, always clean and completely cover personal clothing. Kerchiefs and caps should fit snugly around the head to protect the product from hair.

Do not fasten sanitary clothing with pins, needles, hairpins to prevent these items from getting into the finished product. Toilet items (mirror, comb, powder box, etc.) must be left in the dressing room. Sanitary clothing should be sized. Care must be taken to ensure that there are no flying ends, as they can get caught in the moving parts of the machine and lead to an accident.

Sanitary clothing should not be taken with you, after work it must be left in individual lockers installed in the locker room. Cupboards should be kept clean and should not be used to store food or dirty dishes, as this is a breeding ground for rodents, cockroaches and flies. Individual cabinets for storing sanitary clothing must be periodically cleaned, washed and disinfected. Sanitary clothes are washed in laundries.

Public places (canteens, toilets, washrooms, cloakrooms) must be kept in good sanitary condition. Otherwise, they can be sources of the spread of pathogenic microorganisms in the workplace. Public places are disinfected, they must have freshly prepared disinfectant solutions. Washrooms must have electric towels.

The quality of personal hygiene by employees of the enterprise should be controlled by bacteriological studies of the sanitary cleanliness of clothes and hands, especially after going to the toilet.

Eating should be carried out in special workshop buffets, canteens. It is not allowed to eat directly at the workplace, as food residues, paper, etc. can get into the finished product. Titanium with drinking water, as well as a soda water machine, must be in the workshop.

It is forbidden to smoke in the production workshops to prevent ash, cigarette butts, matches from getting into the finished product. There are designated areas for smoking.

In modern conditions, not a single fish industry enterprise will be able to achieve high productivity and competitiveness of its products in the market if employees do not fully comply with the rules of industrial hygiene, including personal hygiene of personnel. Personnel hygiene is a multi-level process,

including washing and disinfection of hands, shoes, work clothes, organization of rest rooms, design of workplaces, special training of personnel on hygiene issues.

An important condition for the production of high-quality products is the physical health of the personnel, since microorganisms can get on products when coughing, sneezing, from open wounds, abrasions and scratches. All lesions on the skin of the hands should be covered with a waterproof plaster, bandage or fingertip to prevent blood and microorganisms from entering the wound on food. Fingernails should be neatly trimmed so that dirt does not accumulate under them.

Employees are required to thoroughly wash and disinfect their hands before starting work, after using the restroom, and after every break from work. When visiting the bathroom, washing hands in the toilet room is not enough - you need to wash your hands again upon returning to the workshop. In case of contact in the workshop with objects that can contaminate hands, they are washed each time additionally.

Wash and disinfect hands in the following sequence: wash twice to the elbow bend (during the first lathering, be sure to use a brush), thoroughly wipe the palms and the back of the hands, paying special attention to skin irregularities and the space under the nails, then wash off the soap, lather a second time, without using a brush, and wash off the soap with water. After washing, the hands are rinsed with a clarified solution of bleach containing 0.05-0.1% active chlorine, or a solution of chloramine with a concentration of 0.1-0.2%, then the remaining solution is thoroughly washed off with tap water.

If in the process of work a person blew his nose or scratched himself, then before continuing to work, he must thoroughly wash and disinfect his hands. The facility must have sufficient soap tanks, hot and cold water, and facilities for drying and wiping hands.

The procedure for proper hand washing and disinfection in accordance with EU hygiene rules takes at least 2 minutes, including disinfection. The cleanliness of hands or gloves, if they are used, is especially important in the fishing industry, since most of the operations in the fish processing process are carried out manually. When washing hands, not only dirt, dust and sweat are removed from the skin, but also microorganisms. It is believed that there are up to 10 million microbial cells on unwashed hands, and after washing, approximately 100 thousand microbial cells capable of reproduction remain on the skin.

Processing hands after washing with disinfectants reduces the number of viable microbial cells from 100 thousand to -10. But the remaining microorganisms immediately begin to multiply, so it is necessary to wash and disinfect hands regularly during the working day.

This requirement should be especially carefully observed by workers performing several technological operations.

When working with gloves, only those microorganisms that are already on the product or objects that come into contact with it can multiply on them. Therefore, in order to avoid accidental contamination of food products when working with gloves, an employee should perform only one technological operation.

Wristwatches and all jewelry must be removed prior to work so that they do not interfere with washing and disinfecting hands as thoroughly as required by sanitary regulations.

Workers performing mixing procedures and other similar operations are required to wash and disinfect their hands up to and including the elbow. Overalls for performing such technological operations should be short-sleeved. When using any equipment for washing and disinfecting hands, the rule that clean hands should not come into contact with a contaminated surface should be followed.

In order to prevent the entry of hair into foodstuffs, as well as microorganisms present on the hair shed, all workers in contact with unpackaged food products, are required to wear a bandage, net or special caps on their heads.

When working with products that are very sensitive to microflora, in accordance with the sanitary rules in force in the territory of the EU countries, it is recommended to use special masks that cover the mouth and beard, as microorganisms get on the product from exhaled air. Of particular importance is the cleanliness of overalls so that microorganisms from outer clothing cannot get on food. The function of overalls is to protect food products from contamination with microbes from the skin and street clothes of workers.

The sanitary clothes and gowns of the production workshop workers must be kept clean and replaced with clean ones every shift. After work, aprons and sleeves (from oilcloth) are washed with hot water and soap and rinsed with chlorine water (0.05-0.1% active chlorine) or a weak solution of chloramine B (0.3-0.5% concentration) .

Wet and oily overalls should be replaced as soon as possible. When working with particularly microbiologically sensitive products, it is recommended to replace all clothing, including underwear, with protective clothing after taking a shower. Instead of traditional work overalls, it is appropriate to use trousers and T-shirts (or shirts) as workwear in some production areas.

In order to avoid microbial contamination of food products, company executives and persons visiting them are allowed into production premises only in overalls.

The main types of protective clothing in fish processing enterprises are work overalls, overalls and trousers. In the area of work with labile products, this clothing should be of light colors so that contamination is immediately visible. The fabric from which the protective clothing is made must be able to withstand washing with boiling water to kill microorganisms.

All workers are required to wear long-sleeved protective clothing that prevents microbes from the worker's personal clothing and skin from entering food products. To perform certain technological operations, it is recommended to wear overalls with oversleeves in order to avoid contact of the sleeves of working clothes with food products. One of these elements of workwear is the apron, which is made of a light-colored fabric that is easy to wash and clean. Single use aprons are recommended when handling microbiologically sensitive products.

Abroad, at fish enterprises, for work in workshops, shoes with wooden soles (such as clogs) or light-colored rubber boots that are easy to clean are used. Shoes with a protective metal insert at the toe and with a grooved sole are used when working in a freezer and performing some other operations.

Access to all production areas should be carried out only through a special hygienic zone. It is desirable that the hygienic area be separated from the production premises, and in the case of working with microbiologically sensitive products, such a separation should be mandatory. In the hygienic area, after taking a shower, workers change into overalls, wash and disinfect their hands, put on aprons and, if necessary, work shoes, which must first be washed and disinfected.

Clothing contaminated by contact with food should be replaced immediately. Replacement must be done in a hygienic area. Put on, take off and store gloves and aprons there. Before removing gloves, they are washed and, if necessary, disinfected. Eating, drinking and smoking are prohibited in the workplace, as this can lead to contamination of food products.

All employees of fish processing enterprises are required to comply with the rules of personal and professional hygiene. Each employee at the enterprise is responsible for the condition of the workplace, the implementation of technological and sanitary requirements at his site. Employees of the enterprise must wear clean overalls or sanitary clothing and hats. For persons who, by the nature of their work, have direct contact with open fish products, a headdress must completely cover their hair.

Sanitary clothing should be made of light-colored materials, have a distinctive workshop marking. Shoes must be designed for repeated disinfection.

A set of sanitary clothing for workers in cutting shops consists of a cap (kerchief), a cotton robe, rubber boots, a rubberized apron, cotton and rubber gloves; for workers of the packing, stacking and packing shop - a cap (kerchief), a cotton dressing gown and jacket, cotton trousers, leather slippers, four-layer gauze bandages, an individual towel. Sane clothing should be worn only during work, it is forbidden to put it on outerwear. Sanitary clothing must not be stabbed with pins and needles; it is forbidden to bring items of personal toilet and other foreign objects into the workshop. Workers assigned to the processing and preparation of fish products must wash their hands before starting work and each time they resume work. Wounds on the hands should be covered with a waterproof bandage. Workers with pustular wounds are not allowed to work in order to avoid infection of products with pathogenic staphylococci.

The stackers of the canning, culinary and caviar shops, as well as small packaging areas, are obliged to wash their hands before starting work, after visiting the toilet (but at least twice per shift), followed by their disinfection, do not cover their nails with varnish and must temporarily step back from work with finished products in the presence of pustular diseases of the hands or the absence of: waterproof dressings on damaged areas of the hands. Workers must be provided with protective and preventive means for the skin of their hands.

Workers of cutting and packaging shops should at least 2 times per shift disinfect their hands with a 0.1% solution of chloramine or other antiseptics, and to prevent pustular diseases, treat their hands with a solution of potassium permanganate (1 g per 10 l of water), silicone cream, soap "Hygiene", Novikov's liquid or other means intended for this purpose. The workers of the packaging department should be provided with individual towels, as well as napkins for wiping tables, scales. The wipes used in the work should be changed as they become dirty, but at least 2 times per shift. Washing of napkins and their disinfection with a 0.1-0.5% solution of chloramine should be carried out centrally in a special room. Before visiting public, administrative premises, as well as the toilet, you should take off your sanitary clothing; before entering the production workshop, you should carefully process shoes (disinfectant mat, container with disinfectant solution).

Disinfection and deratization materials should be handled by personnel familiar with the rules for their use. The use of materials must not create any risk of product contamination.

To identify persons with pustular skin infections, medical workers of the enterprise should daily check the hands of the personnel for the absence of pustular diseases with an entry in a special journal.

If pustular and other lesions appear on the skin, in case of acute infectious diseases, as well as cuts to the hands and other injuries, the worker is obliged to immediately report this to the medical center or to the head (foreman) of the workshop, who must ensure that the worker arrives at the medical center.

In the absence of a health worker in the state of the enterprise, such a procedure should be carried out by a sanitary post (a specially dedicated and trained employee of the enterprise, a microbiologist or a foreman). Constant control over the observance by the workers of the workshop of the rules of personal and professional hygiene is carried out by the technologist, foreman and the sanitary post of the workshop (medical worker or microbiologist, if available).

Sanitary posts monitor compliance with the sanitary regime of production. Sanitary post 2 times per shift is obliged to control the disinfection and prevention of pustular diseases of the hands by the packers, as well as to monitor the correct wearing of overalls. The sanitary post controls and keeps records of the preparation of disinfectant solutions. The data is logged.

After finishing work, you must hand over your workplace in proper cleanliness and order to the foreman, and sanitary clothing - to the persons responsible for its reception, storage and issuance.

Locksmiths, electricians, adjusters and other workers engaged in adjustment and repair work in production shops and warehouses are also required to follow the rules of personal hygiene and take measures to prevent foreign objects from entering finished products, raw materials and semi-finished products.

All persons entering work must undergo a medical examination in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation "On conducting preliminary and periodic medical examinations of employees." The frequency of preventive examinations is regulated by the above-mentioned order and the decision of local authorities, adopted on the basis of the current epidemiological situation in the area.

Each employee must have a personal medical book, where the results of the examination are regularly entered, as well as information about the employee's training in the hygiene training program. Conducting preventive medical examinations should be reflected in the rules internal regulations enterprises. On the place and time of the preventive medical examination, the administration issues an order indicating the person responsible (for each structural unit) for the timeliness and completeness of the examination of employees. At facilities with more than 30 employees, medical examinations can be carried out at the enterprise. Permission to conduct is given by the territorial center of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, which oversees this object. The administration of the enterprise should not allow patients and bacteria carriers to work, as well as persons who did not pass preventive medical examinations in a timely manner and did not pass the test for sanitary and hygienic training. In the absence of a medical worker, the head of the workshop or another responsible person approved by the order for the workshop maintains a special schedule for medical examinations. Personal medical books are kept by the head of the workshop or a responsible person, and if there is a medical worker, all medical documentation is kept by him.

Persons exposed to harmful and unfavorable production factors are subject to mandatory preliminary (upon employment) and periodic medical examinations.

The contingent subject to preliminary and periodic inspections is determined by the centers of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision together with the administration and the trade union committee of the enterprise (for enterprises, professions and adverse factors) no later than December 1 of the previous year. The centers of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision also exercise control over the completeness of coverage and the timeliness of preliminary and periodic medical examinations of contingents of workers.

To ensure the normal functioning of the enterprise, the administration must ensure:

necessary conditions for the production of products of guaranteed quality;

passing the necessary medical examinations by employees within the time limits established by the centers of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision;

all workshops with first aid kits, as well as protective and preventive means for the skin of the hands;

attending classes in hygienic training and passing tests once every 2 years, as well as when applying for a job;

each employee with three sets of sanitary clothing, shoes, gloves;

repair, replacement of clothes as they wear out, centralized washing (washing of sanitary clothes in individually prohibited at home)

persons employed in laying, packaging products, inspecting (culinary, caviar, canning production) with four-layer gauze masks, rubber gloves, aprons, which must be sanitized after each shift;

A sufficient amount of cleaning equipment, detergents and disinfectants, soap, towels, napkins;

Introduction to the staff of the canning shop manicurists;

conclusion of contracts with local centers of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision for the implementation of deratization and disinfection measures;

all employees with medical books, and all workshops with sanitary journals, journals of monthly examination of employees for pustular diseases and other sanitary documentation of the established form (numbered, laced, certified seals).

The administration of the enterprise is obliged to bring to the attention of all workers who come into contact with food during work, the sanitary rules for fish processing enterprises and demand their strict implementation.

The management of the enterprise is obliged to hold accountable those responsible for violating the technological and sanitary and hygienic conditions of production, as well as take measures to promptly eliminate the identified shortcomings

The head of the enterprise is responsible for the sanitary and technical condition of the enterprise and for the implementation of sanitary rules.

Responsibility for the sanitary condition of the site, workshop, department, utility rooms and equipment is borne by the heads of workshops (sections), the head of production, foremen, foremen, warehouse managers by affiliation or persons appointed by the head of the enterprise.

Each employee is responsible for the implementation of the rules of personal and professional hygiene, for the maintenance of his workplace and related equipment and inventory in proper sanitary condition.