Do-it-yourself air heating of the greenhouse. In winter, I especially want fresh vegetables! How to build a heating system in a greenhouse with your own hands. Heating with exhaust air

04.04.2020

If you decide to build a stationary greenhouse for year-round growing vegetables, then in any case, you need to solve the issue of heating it in winter and during the transition period. There are many various ways how to organize the heating of the greenhouse, and most of them can be done by hand. In the article we will consider these methods, as well as give recommendations on calculating the power of the heating system and choosing a source of thermal energy.

Types of greenhouse heating

There are really a lot of options for heating such structures, no less than for private houses. This is easy to verify if you study the heating projects of farm greenhouses. different sizes posted on various Internet resources.

According to the method of transferring heat into the building, the heating system is of the following types:

air;
water;
combined with direct heating of the soil.

For reference. In large farm greenhouses, infrared heating is often used with gas or electric heaters.

In the first case, one or more heat sources directly heat the air in the building, which is easier and cheaper to implement. It is more difficult to make water heating in a greenhouse with your own hands, but the effect will be greater, since it makes it possible to heat the growth zones of vegetables, and not the entire volume of the building. The optimal solution is a combined one, when the planting soil and the air in the greenhouse building are heated separately.

When choosing a heating method, the question inevitably arises, what is the best way to heat a building, what energy carrier should be used for this purpose? There are several options here:

natural or liquefied gas;
electricity;
different kinds solid fuel(wood, coal).

The choice of energy carrier depends on the individual conditions in each case, so you will have to make it yourself. We will consider how it is possible to heat a winter greenhouse with one or another fuel and what system schemes are used for this. True, there are alternative sources of heat, such as solar collectors or geothermal systems. But the former are ineffective in winter, and the latter are incredibly expensive, so it makes no sense to take them into account.

Natural gas heating

This energy carrier is very convenient to use, although it will not work to conduct and connect it with your own hands, this should be done by a specialized company. If this point is not taken into account, and even the cost of gas for the population different countries CIS, then this is one of the best options for greenhouses. Using gas heating, you can organize an air, water and infrared method of heating a winter greenhouse.

A common practice is to install infrared gas heaters on the roof of the room. If the structure has a small width, then the units will be placed along the axis of the building in one row. It is important that all the beds fall within the coverage area of the device in width (it is indicated in the operating instructions). When this cannot be achieved, gas appliances are placed in 2 or 3 rows.

The advantage of gas infrared heating in winter is the direct heating of the soil, and only then - the air in the greenhouse. The disadvantage is the need for a ventilation device to remove combustion products.

Another option is a gas boiler plus a greenhouse water heating system. It must be understood that in greenhouse facilities the main task is to provide plants with heat, and not to warm people. To do this, wiring is carried out from smooth pipes with a diameter of not more than 40 mm over the entire area. Moreover, their laying is carried out along each bed at a height of 20-30 cm from ground level. It is allowed to use the following types of wiring:

the supply line is along one wall, the return line is near the other. They are interconnected by transverse pipes running between the beds;
supply and return are laid along one wall. Each heating pipe runs along one bed, and returns past another;
the pipe is laid with a snake over the entire area of the greenhouse, forming a single heating circuit.

Advice. Shut-off valves must be installed on each branch so that the circuit can be turned off when the plants are already harvested.

Additionally, in order to warm the air inside the building, it is recommended to place several heaters near the walls. Usually these are do-it-yourself registers made of smooth pipes. As you already understood, it will take a lot of work to install such a system, but you will only spend money on a gas boiler and its connection. You can go the other way: arrange air heating of the greenhouse by installing several gas convectors.

Electric heating

If we talk about the device of water electric heating, then it is carried out in the same way as gas. Only the source of heat we now have is different - a heating element, electrode or induction boiler. No permits are required for its installation, and therefore the work can be done independently.

It is even easier to make infrared heating with hanging appliances, they do not require ventilation for their operation. They are placed in the same way as gas ones, by fixing to the roofing part.

There is a variant of combined heating of a winter greenhouse, when an electric heating cable or a heating film is laid in the ground. At the same time, the space inside the building is heated by air heaters (fan heaters) or self-made oil radiators. Here the choice is entirely yours, as long as there is enough electrical power supplied.

It is noteworthy that the electric heating of a winter greenhouse can be economical, despite high tariffs. After all, the coldest time is the night, when the cost of electricity is minimal, you just need to use a multi-tariff meter. In addition, such systems are easily regulated and automated.

Use of solid fuel

Heating greenhouses with wood is the most common and cheapest way, although troublesome. Most often, it is implemented using home-made stoves - brick or metal, for example, such as Buleryan.

One or more stoves are installed in the center of the structure, and its chimney is first laid horizontally and only then turns and goes outside. The goal is to extract as much heat from the flue gases as possible, so that the horizontal section can reach a length of 10 m.

Advice. A horizontal pipe should be laid with a slope towards the furnace in order to facilitate the passage of combustion products and improve natural draft.

When it is planned to install a water heating system, a solid fuel boiler is installed in the greenhouse or outside it. The first option is more preferable, since all the heat will remain inside the building, while the second one is used for the heat supply of several greenhouse structures from one solid fuel boiler. It is important to take into account 2 points: to insulate the highways passing along the street, and not to install shutoff valves on pipe sections outside the greenhouse.

How to choose a boiler for a greenhouse

Regardless of whether you decide to heat the building with wood or electricity, you must first find out the amount of heat needed for it. Here you can not do without calculation, and in order to complete it, you need to know the exact area of \u200b\u200bthe floor and the translucent part of the greenhouse. In addition, you need to find data on the lowest daily temperature for your area, as well as the average wind speed during that day. This information is specified in the standard called "Construction climatology and geophysics".

On the nomogram shown above, we find the graph corresponding to the lowest temperature. Then, from the abscissa axis (wind speed), we draw a line until we meet this graph and determine the specific heat loss in relation to the fencing coefficient along the ordinate axis. It is easier to show the calculation using an example for a greenhouse with a floor area of 700 m2, glazing - 980 m2. Then, with a wind of 4.7 m/s and a temperature of -30 °C, according to the graph, the value of Q/k is 388 W/m2.

Now we need to find the fencing coefficient k, it is equal to the ratio of the area of translucent structures to the area of the floor. In our example, k = 980/700 = 1.4, then Q = 388k = 388 x 1.4 = 543 W/m2. It remains only to find out the total heat loss by multiplying the specific (543 W / m2) by the area of the polycarbonate greenhouse (700 m2): 700 x 543 \u003d 380,000 W or 380 kW.

To select a boiler for a greenhouse, you need to multiply the heat loss value by the safety factor. Whatever heat source you take - solid fuel or gas, it cannot work at maximum all the time. For those greenhouses that are built of polycarbonate or using glass, the safety factor will be 1.3, and those covered with ordinary film - at least 1.5.

Advice. It is always better to choose a solid fuel boiler for long burning with a one and a half power reserve and large firebox sizes. This will save you from frequent loading of firewood or coal in the middle of the night.

Conclusion

The organization of heating a winter greenhouse is a simpler event than a heating device for a residential building. Here, almost all the work can be done independently, if you have the appropriate skills. The main thing is to choose a suitable heat source and energy carrier. Finally - the traditional advice on energy saving: in greenhouses it is very important to insulate the floors under the beds, which will provide significant savings. For this purpose, foam plastic with a thickness of at least 100 mm is well suited.

Heating the greenhouse is the key to getting a good, timely harvest. Many gardeners use greenhouse water heating, due to which it is possible to create in buildings of this type necessary for full growth temperature regime. Such systems are relatively cheap, and the operation is quite simple. And how to make water heating in a greenhouse on your own, you will learn from this publication.

System Benefits

For many years, horticultural farmers could not come to a consensus on what type of greenhouse heating is the most acceptable and profitable. Of course, the selection of a heating system for buildings of this type largely depends on the primary conditions, in particular on the possibility of connecting to a centralized gas or water main. But still, in recent years, water heating in the greenhouse has been most often used.

When choosing a greenhouse heating, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the structure, the heating system in a nearby residential building and the size financial resources, which will go to the arrangement of the shelter.

The water heating device is notable for the fact that it is powered by a boiler operating on any type of fuel:

gas;
electric;
solid fuel;
liquid fuel;
combined.

Speaking more plain language In order to perform water heating for a greenhouse, all kinds of materials can be used, which greatly reduces costs. And in order to implement water heating of the greenhouse with your own hands, you need to draw up a work plan, where there is a scheme, development projects, based on which the construction will be erected.

The main advantage of such a system is safety (when compared with electric cable and heating devices), and the creation of a humid environment.

Since cellular polycarbonate does not accumulate condensate, the resulting moisture completely drains into the ground, additionally moistening it.

VIDEO: How water heating of a greenhouse works from a gas boiler

Pipes - what should they be

To make water heating for subsoil and overground heating, it is possible to use two types of pipes:

Metal. There are many options in this category, but corrugated stainless steel pipes are especially popular among them. They have a high heat dissipation, but at the same time you need to mount them very carefully, placing the system as far as possible from the rhizome of the grown vegetation. Thanks to this, it will be possible to avoid burns of the roots of seedlings and, accordingly, their death.
Metal-plastic and plastic. This version of the pipes is characterized by a lower heat transfer coefficient, but at the same time it does an excellent job of heating the structure even in winter.

Sometimes you can find water subsoil heating for greenhouses made of polyethylene pipes. But it should be understood that such systems are suitable only when the coolant temperature does not exceed 40 °.

Many prefer budget options in the form of greenhouse shelters of a small area, since large structures are very difficult and financially expensive to heat during the cold season.

It is a fact! If the greenhouse is an extension to residential building, then it will take less strength and energy to warm it up.

Radiators as a source of heating in greenhouses are rarely used. Instead of such heating elements, gardeners equip their buildings with wide pipes, which are located directly under the arch of the structure.

The universal pipeline laying scheme is considered optimal - from two working circuits:

The first one lies under a layer of fertile soil and its task is to heat the root system of plants. The coolant temperature should not be higher than 30-40°C.
The second is laid along the walls of the room in order to heat the air directly. In order to control the temperature in the room, it is advisable to install an automatic thermostat that will maintain the optimum level.

Some gardeners install heating pipes under the ceiling for circulation, but this is not practical for large areas. Keeping in mind the laws of physics, warm air rises, and in this case it simply does not circulate. Near the soil, the air is quite cold, which does not have the best effect on the condition of the plants.

At what depth to lay the pipeline

Pipes, as mentioned above, in most cases are laid under the ground to a certain depth. This indicator is influenced by several points:

type of crop grown (heat-loving, cold-resistant, etc.);
preferences of the owner of the greenhouse structure.

Some gardeners lay the pipeline system to a depth of no more than 30 cm, while other owners of such buildings lay pipes 50 cm from the soil level. Both options are acceptable, it all depends on the temperature of the coolant.

It must also be remembered that if the pipeline system is laid too deep, then it will take a long time to create the optimal temperature regime in the room. Whereas in the case of a close location of the pipes to the soil surface, the greenhouse will warm up quickly, but there is a risk that the root system, having reached its largest size, will get burned when in contact with the thermal circuit. And this, in turn, hello to the withering and death of the plant.

Speaking of numbers, when laying the heating circuit to a depth of 50 cm, the warm-up time will be about two weeks. And with a contour depth of 30 cm, this figure will be reduced to 6 days. True, there is some caveat here. In the first case, to maintain the specified temperature conditions in the room, it will be necessary to turn on the system 12 hours a day, while in the second case, it is necessary to heat around the clock.

Water heating device

The furnace or heating boiler, as a rule, is located in the vestibule of the greenhouse shelter, less often in the building itself. The first option, when burning wood or coal, does not prevent moving around the greenhouse and carrying out any work on growing vegetation.

When locating the boiler in the greenhouse room, it must be taken into account that heat also comes from the heating element itself. Choose a place for the boiler with special care so that nearby plants do not suffer from excessive heating.

Algorithm for a water heating device in a greenhouse:

First of all, you need to calculate the pipeline system and decide what footage of pipes will be required to implement the task.
The next step is the construction of the foundation. If the heating of the greenhouse will be carried out at the expense of a brick oven, then a concrete foundation is needed under it. In the case of a metal heater, a steel or asbestos-cement sheet will fit.
After that, you need to remove the chimney from the heater. The joints of this element with the boiler (furnace) must be sealed using, for example, clay mortar.
Next, you need to take care of ventilation, without which it will not be possible to achieve a suitable microclimate in buildings of this type.

Only metal pipes of the same diametrical size are connected to the outlet and to the inlet of the heating device. And only at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the boiler, you can switch to plastic or metal-plastic pipes.

Before laying the pipeline assembly, you need to install an expansion tank at the highest point of the room in close proximity to the heating equipment. It is recommended to install an auto-air shut-off valve and a pressure gauge upstream of the expander.
After that, you can proceed to the installation of pipes. The method of laying the heating pipeline depends on the size of the room. The only thing I would like to add is that the step of laying the contour of plastic pipes should be at least 30 cm.

In order to prevent the escape of thermal energy into the ground, the heat-insulating layer is made of a material that does not allow moisture to pass through (for example, polystyrene foam). And on top of the thermal insulation, you can perform another layer of waterproofing, for which PET film is used.

Now you know how to make water heating in your greenhouse so that the soil and plants growing indoors are always in a suitable microclimate. A thorough approach to the implementation of the task will help you get a high-quality, timely harvest!

VIDEO: Water heating with a pump

A greenhouse is a great option for growing a variety of vegetables, as it creates unique climatic conditions that promote growth. In addition, the greenhouse allows you to get an early harvest, when it is still not warm enough outside for the full-fledged cultivation of vegetables. However, in order to create optimal conditions in the spring, the greenhouse needs heating, which will ensure the temperature is not lower than 18 degrees Celsius.

insulated greenhouse

Solar heating and batteries;
Air heating;
Heating with gas;
Heating with a solid fuel boiler;
Stove heating;
Water heating;

So, now a little more about the organization of each type of heating.

solar heating

Main components:

Photoelectric generator;
Control block;
Conversion block;
Accumulator battery;
The heat-releasing element is the consumer.

The principle of operation is as follows.Solar radiation affects the photovoltaic generator, which, when exposed to sunlight, begins to emit electricity, coming through the control unit to the battery, where it is accumulated and transmitted through the conversion unit to the heating element in the greenhouse.

The best option for the design of a greenhouse for organizing this type of heating is an arched transparent.

It is important to ensure the tightness of the greenhouse structure in order to eliminate drafts.

The photovoltaic generator is placed in a place that is lit from early morning, it immediately starts working to heat the greenhouse. The heating element is placed under a layer of soil. The battery is designed to store energy in order to heat the greenhouse at night. This heating option will allow you to maintain the required temperature in the greenhouse, even if it drops to 5 degrees outside at night..

The main disadvantage of such a system is the high cost of components.

Air heating of greenhouses

To implement it, you need an ordinary steel pipe with an internal diameter of about 60 millimeters and 3 meters long. One of the ends of the pipe through a hole in the wall is placed in the space of the greenhouse, and the other end is brought out into the street. Under it, a small fire is bred, the warm air from which heats the pipe and the air in it.

This method is simple, but completely inconvenient for implementation, since it is not possible to constantly maintain a fire.

Gas heating

Gas heating of the greenhouse

This method of heating consists in the installation of a gas-fired heating device. It is also necessary to purchase 2 gas cylinders. When the gas is burned, the air in the greenhouse will heat up and provide optimal conditions for the growth of vegetables.

The main problem of this method of heating is the accumulation of excess carbon dioxide in the greenhouse, which negatively affects the growth of vegetables.. Therefore, when implementing this heating system ventilation is required, providing additional air flow to maintain combustion.

Installation of a solid fuel heating boiler

Alternatively, you can install a solid fuel boiler in the greenhouse or next to it.

solid fuel boiler for greenhouse

In this case, the following components will be needed to install the heating system:

Boiler;
Pipe system;
Several radiators.

The advantage of this option is that it does not require a constant load of firewood. Modern solid fuel boilers allow you to maintain combustion from just 2 fuel loads per day. The disadvantage is the need for additional installation of pipelines and heating radiators.

Furnace heating of the greenhouse

Stove heating is implemented if the greenhouse area is more than 15 square meters.

There are two layout options.

Option 1

This is a simple option, you will need:

An ordinary small heating stove of the "potbelly stove" type;
Chimney pipe;
Chimney;
Chalk or lime.

The stove is installed on one side of the greenhouse, and the chimney passes through the greenhouse and ends with a chimney that leads the combustion products outside the greenhouse. As a result, the chimney pipe heats up and gives off heat to the air in the greenhouse.

In this case, it is important to monitor the tightness of the chimney pipe, since the ingress of smoke into the greenhouse room is unacceptable. To detect a smoke leak as soon as possible, it is necessary to paint the pipe with chalk or lime - on a white surface, places that let smoke through will be clearly visible.

To ensure good draft, it is necessary to install a chimney pipe with an overestimation to the chimney- about 1.5-2 centimeters per linear meter of pipe.

In order to fire safety it is necessary to ensure the distance from the chimney to the racks with vegetables at least 15 cm distance. It is also necessary to place the stove, chimney and chimney at a distance of at least 25-30 centimeters from the walls of the greenhouse.

Option 2

The second option for stove heating is to lay a piping system.

For its installation you will need:

Large barrel;
Stove;
Expansion tank;
Drain valve;
Pipes of rectangular (40x20 mm) or round section (up to 30 mm);
Chimney pipe;
Circulation pump.

A large barrel plays the role of a housing for the heating system. It fits the stove, expansion tank. The chimney from the stove goes outside the greenhouse in the form of a vertical 5 meter pipe.

ventilation installation required

The expansion tank is welded to the walls of a large barrel-case above the stove, so that the heat from burning firewood goes to heat the water. Pipes are welded to the expansion tank, which are laid along the perimeter of the greenhouse at a distance of 1-1.5 meters. Since the arrangement of the pipes is horizontal, it is not possible to realize the natural circulation of the coolant, therefore a small circulation pump is connected to the pipeline system.

With water heating, an almost constant air temperature in the greenhouse is obtained.

To implement this method, you will need the following components:

Old big fire extinguisher;
Heating element;
Temperature sensor;
Pipe system.

3 holes are cut out in the fire extinguisher body: for a hot pipe, for a return pipe and for installing a heating element. A pipe is drawn from the upper hole, which is laid in the upper part of the greenhouse, and a pipe runs from the lower hole along the bottom of the greenhouse. It is important to weld the heater and pipes tightly to eliminate water leaks.

The heating element is connected to the mains, the water is heated, and its natural circulation through the pipes is ensured. An important element of the heating system is a temperature sensor, which is installed in the greenhouse and measures the air temperature. When a certain value is reached, it turns off the heating element. When the temperature drops, the heating element starts working again. The result is an almost constant air temperature in the greenhouse.

Outcome

As you can see, there are a lot of options for heating a greenhouse. However, you should not get lost in this variety - you need to determine the optimal and most profitable for yourself, and then proceed with the installation work.

Video on how to make energy-saving greenhouse heating with your own hands

In this video you will learn how to make greenhouse heating in winter by installing infrared panels

The early crop is harvested from their greenhouse primarily due to its heating - after all, solar radiation is sufficient for most plants only in the summer months. And here is the content winter garden or growing fresh vegetables and exotic fruits in severe frosts is impossible without specially equipped heating in a greenhouse, because the lowest temperature that can only be in a greenhouse is +18°C. And only warm impenetrable walls are indispensable here. The most budgetary option for heating a greenhouse - if under summer cottage heating line passes. Then it remains to find the right place, and the problem of how to make heating in the greenhouse is solved. In all other cases, heating greenhouses will be more difficult, but it is quite possible to do it yourself - the diagrams and tips in this article will be extremely useful for this.

Option #1 - solar panels

It is possible to heat the greenhouse with the help of solar heat accumulators. First, they dig a 15 cm hole in the greenhouse and cover the ground with a layer of heat insulator, possibly polystyrene. A layer of polyethylene film is placed on top for waterproofing.

Then coarse-grained wet sand is placed on top and all this is covered with dug earth. This simple device makes it possible to maintain a satisfactory temperature in the greenhouse due to the accumulated energy of the sun, even at a temperature of - 10 ° C.

Option #2 - air heating

The easiest way to heat a greenhouse or hotbed is to equip primitive air heating:

Step 1. Take a segment steel pipe with a diameter of 50-60 cm and a length of about 2-2.5 m.
Step 2. One end of such a pipe must be inserted into a film greenhouse or a greenhouse, under the other, a fire should be made.
Step 3. The fire now needs to be constantly maintained. The air will quickly heat up in the pipe, pass into the greenhouse and give off heat to the grown plants.

This method of building heating is really easy, but somewhat inconvenient due to the fact that the fire must be constantly maintained.

Option # 3 - heating with gas

The main advantage of gas is that it is more stable in terms of supply, but the final cost of products from the greenhouse can surprise. Therefore, if heating a greenhouse in winter with gas lasts only a few weeks, then it is not necessary to pull it from a residential building and purchase expensive pipes for this. It will be enough to take a couple of cylinders for this purpose - they will last for a long time.

It is only important to remember that an excess of carbon dioxide can adversely affect the condition of plants, and therefore such a greenhouse must be well ventilated. And to remove combustion waste, it is necessary to use an exhaust device so that a constant supply of oxygen to the greenhouse is ensured. And so that the lack of oxygen does not lead to the cessation of the combustion process and the release of gas into the air, it is advisable to use heating devices with an automatic protective device - the sensors will immediately work as soon as the gas supply to the burner stops.

Option # 4 - stove heating

Unlike electric heating, classic stove heating is not so burdensome in terms of financial plan. So, you can build a simple greenhouse stove with a hog or a horizontal chimney with your own hands and at no special cost. Its device principle is quite simple:

Step 1. A brick firebox is laid out in the vestibule of the greenhouse.
Step 2. A chimney is laid out along the entire length of the greenhouse, either under the beds or under the racks.
Step 3. This chimney is brought out of the greenhouse on the other side to leave carbon monoxide, and all the heat remained inside the building. As a result, the distance between the end wall of the greenhouse and the firebox itself should be at least 25 cm, but from the garden bed or rack with plants to the top of the hog - from 15 cm.

Or in this way:

Step 1. You need to take a large barrel, with a capacity of about 3 cubes, and paint it from the inside in 2 layers so that it does not rust.
Step 2. Holes are made inside the barrel for a chimney, a stove, an expansion barrel on top and a drain valve on the bottom.
Step 3. The stove is boiled and inserted into the barrel.
Step 4. A chimney is removed from the barrel, and a pipe 5 meters high is placed on the street.
Step 5. A home-made expansion tank of 20 liters is installed on top of the barrel, which is pre-cooked from simple sheet iron.
Step 6. Heating is cooked from a profile pipe 40x20x1.5, and the pipes are laid out on the ground at a distance of 1.2 m. So they must be laid out so that the soil near the roots of the plants warms up well.
Step 7. To circulate water in such a home-made heating system, a special, but inexpensive pump is purchased.

You can heat such a stove with any wood, and the drain valve at the bottom of the barrel can be used not only to drain water, but also for drip irrigation when the water itself has cooled. To control the temperature in such a greenhouse, you can install an electronic temperature sensor inside it, and the digital display itself can be installed right in the house.

Option #5 - water heating

Water heating for a greenhouse is one of the most profitable in material terms. And you can make a water electric heater with your own hands.

Method # 1 - a thermos from an old fire extinguisher

So, you will need the body of an old, already unnecessary fire extinguisher, the top of which will be cut off. Work order:

Step 1. At the bottom of the case, you need to mount a heating element with a power of 1 kW, which can be taken from an electric samovar.
Step 2. In order to be able to pour water into the electric heater, a removable cover is made on top.
Step 3. Two water pipes must be attached to the body, which are connected to the radiator. It is necessary to fasten the pipes with rubber sealing gaskets and nuts.

In order for the heater to be automated, it is better to use such a circuit - with an AC relay, such as MKU-48 with a voltage of 220 V. As soon as the temperature sensor works, it will close contacts K1. The heater will begin to heat the water, and it will raise the temperature in the greenhouse. As soon as the water reaches the set level, the temperature sensor will immediately work and the power circuit of relay K1 will break, and the water heater itself will turn off. If the MKU-48 relay cannot be found, you can use the second circuit, where the relay has contacts that do not pass current less than 5A.

Method # 2 - heating element + old pipes

In this case, a small amount of old pipes, heating elements and an electric welding machine will be used. Everything will be made quickly and reliably.

So, in a convenient corner of the greenhouse, you need to install a boiler with a volume of about 50 liters and with an electric heater of 2 kilowatts. When heated, the water will rise into the expansion tank along the riser, and will be supplied to the heating system located around the entire perimeter. The system itself should be with a slight downward slope of the pipes.

Step 1. The boiler will need to be made from a piece of large diameter pipe, to which the bottom with a flange will be welded.

Step 2. The heating elements must be connected with a power cord to the plug and securely insulated.

Step 3. All joints between the flange and the body must be well sealed with a rubber gasket.

Step 4. An expansion tank with a volume of up to 30 liters is made from pipe scraps. Couplings are welded from below and from both ends for connection with the boiler riser and with the system.

Step 5. A lid for topping up water is cut out in the tank itself, because its level will need to be constantly monitored.

Step 6 A pipeline is made from metal pipes, at the ends of which it is necessary to make a thread in advance for a convenient connection.

Step 7. Now the boiler body must be grounded with a flexible three-core copper wire, which is rated for voltage from 500 V and without insulation. Both cores must be attached to the heating element phases, and the third core to the boiler body. By the way, for the period of cold weather it will be possible to use special screens made of foil or other heat-reflecting material.

The main thing is that during any installation of the heating system of a greenhouse or hotbed, observe all safety rules and strictly follow the instructions.

Method # 3 - installing a solid fuel boiler

The boiler itself can be located both in the greenhouse room and in a separate room. The advantage of the second option is that you can put firewood or fuel into the boiler without going into the greenhouse, and now it will not take up valuable space, like the fuel itself. And the downside is that the boiler also produces some heat energy, which would not be an extra greenhouse.

You need to put fuel into the heat generator 2 times a day - and that's it. And at the same time, such a boiler is absolutely fireproof, and therefore it can be safely left overnight without any control. In addition, fuel consumption is quite small.

Greenhouses are used to grow and harvest heat-loving crops all year round. Such structures can be of various sizes: from small country houses to large industrial ones. In each individual case, different equipment for heating greenhouses can be used. So, if for the equipment of industrial facilities are hired special organizations, which are engaged in the delivery and installation of heating systems, then small private greenhouses can be equipped with your own hands. How to do this, we will tell further.

Heating using solar batteries

The easiest and cheapest way to heat a greenhouse is to use solar energy. To use it, you need to install a greenhouse in a place that receives enough sunlight during the day. The material from which the structure is made is also important. For the use of solar heating greenhouses, polycarbonate materials are used. It helps to create an excellent greenhouse effect because it has a cellular structure. Each of its cells stores air, which works on the principle of an insulator.

Another good material to make a greenhouse out of if you plan on heating it with the sun's rays is glass. 95% of sunlight passes through it. To collect maximum amount heat, build an arched greenhouse. At the same time, it should stand along the east-west line, especially if you plan to install the winter version of the structure.

AT additional order, a so-called solar battery is installed around it. For this, a trench is dug 40 cm deep and 30 cm wide. After that, a heater (usually expanded polystyrene) creeps to the bottom, it is covered with coarse sand, and covered with plastic wrap and earth on top.

Did you know? As a heat-insulating material, it is best to use extruded polystyrene foam. It is not afraid of moisture, does not deform, has a high level of strength and perfectly retains heat.

This design, at night, allows you to save the heat that has accumulated in the greenhouse during the day. The disadvantage of this method is that it can only be used during periods of high solar activity, and in winter it will not give the desired effect.

Another long-standing method of heating a greenhouse is the use of biological materials. The principle of heating is simple: during decomposition, biological materials release a large amount of energy, which is used for heating. Most often, horse manure is used for this purpose, which can warm up to a temperature of 70 ° C within a week and keep it for at least four months. To lower the temperature readings, it is enough to add a little straw to the manure, but if cow or pig manure is used, then no straw is added to it. By the way, the straw itself can also be used as a material for bioheating.

What else can be used to heat the greenhouse with this method of heating? Sawdust, bark and even household waste. It is clear that they will give much less heat than manure. Although, if you use household waste, which is 40% paper and rags, then it may well reach the performance of "horse" fuel. True, it will take a long time to wait.

Did you know? Experienced gardeners use the so-called artificial manure. They lay in layers straw, cut to about 5 cm (10 kg), lime-ammonium nitrate (2 kg), superphosphate (0.3 kg). The layer of compost earth, at the same time, should be up to 20 cm, biofuel - up to 25 cm.

Also, you can take care of vegetable humus in advance, which is also perfect for the role of biological fuel. To do this, freshly cut grass is folded into a box or barrel and poured nitrogen fertilizer, for example, 5% urea solution. The mixture must be closed with a lid, pressed with a load, and after two weeks the biofuel is ready for use.

Important! Biological heating has a positive effect on the microclimate of the greenhouse. It saturates the air with microelements, carbon dioxide, while maintaining the necessary humidity, which cannot be said about technical methods of heating.

Biofuels are used in the following way. The entire mass is laid to a depth of approximately 20 cm, while the total laying thickness should be approximately 25 cm. Further, nature itself carries out all the necessary processes. You only need to occasionally water the soil so that the decomposition processes take place actively. One such bookmark is enough for at least 10 days, maximum - for four months. It all depends on the type of biological materials used.

Installing a stove in a greenhouse

A good answer to the question "How to heat a greenhouse with high quality?" - installation of a metal or brick stove and a chimney pipe system around the entire perimeter of the greenhouse with access to the outside. Heat comes from both the stove itself and the smoke that exits through the chimney. Any fuel material can be used. The main thing is that it burns well.

gas heating

Another popular way to heat greenhouses is to use heat from burning gas. True, heating a greenhouse with gas is considered a rather energy-intensive way. Its essence lies in the fact that infrared gas burners or heaters are installed around the perimeter of the greenhouse. Gas is supplied to them through flexible hoses, which during combustion gives off a huge amount of heat. The advantage of this method is that the heat is evenly distributed throughout the room.

True, in this case, you need to take care of a good ventilation system. During combustion, a huge amount of oxygen is used, and if it is not enough, the gas will not burn, but accumulate in the greenhouse. To avoid this, gas heating greenhouses are equipped with an automatic protective device that regulates all ongoing processes.

Heating with electrical appliances

Due to the availability of electricity, this method has become one of the most popular among gardeners and farmers. Especially those who are engaged in greenhouses and in winter. Its main advantage is its availability all year round and the ability to easily adjust the temperature regime. Among the shortcomings, the high cost of installation and the purchase of the equipment itself are distinguished. To use the electric heating of the greenhouse, it is necessary to install a special heater. What it will be depends on the heating system that you prefer. Consider the most popular of them.

Convectors and infrared heaters

One of the safest and effective methods electric heating type. The essence of this method copies the method of solar heating of the greenhouse. Ceiling-mounted polycarbonate greenhouse infrared heaters heat plants and soil. The latter accumulates heat and returns it to the greenhouse. The advantage of this method is that such heaters are easy to install, reinstall for different needs, and also consume relatively little electricity. At the same time, they do not occupy the working area, since they are mounted on the ceiling.

Among other advantages, the absence of air movement is noted, since some plants are very sensitive to this. If you install heaters in a checkerboard pattern, you can warm up the greenhouse evenly. It is very easy to regulate the temperature.

Cable heating

Another heating method that does not take up any working space is cable heating. A heating cable, installed on the principle of underfloor heating in houses, heats the soil, which releases heat into the air. The main advantage of this method of heating is maintaining the desired soil temperature at different vegetative stages of plants, which positively affects the yield. The system is easy to install, the temperature regime is also easily regulated, and very little electricity is required.

Most often, such a heating system is used in the construction of industrial greenhouses. It is calculated during the design of the structure and is laid during its construction.

Installation of heat guns

One of the easiest ways to heat a greenhouse without installing complex structures is to put a heat gun inside. It can be used immediately after purchase by hanging it from the ceiling of the greenhouse. So hot air will not harm the plants. Another advantage is the presence of a fan. During operation of the unit, it distributes warm air throughout the greenhouse and does not allow it to accumulate under the ceiling.

There are many varieties of such guns: electric, diesel, gas. Which one to choose depends on the specifics of the greenhouse and the plants grown. For example, there are guns that can operate in conditions of high humidity, with in large numbers dust in the air and other harsh environments.

Using an electric heater or hot water boiler

You can also heat greenhouses with the help of boilers that run on electricity or solar, wind energy. They have high efficiency - up to 98%. It is also possible to make water heating of a polycarbonate greenhouse from a stove by installing a water-heating boiler on the stove. A system of pipes should depart from it to the water intake tank-thermos. From it to the greenhouse, hot water will flow through the pipes. At the end of the system, the pipes fork, descending down the walls and returning to the boiler.

Thus, a constant circulation of hot water is maintained, which through the pipes gives off heat to the air. Depending on how the entire system will be laid and where the boiler will be installed, it is possible to warm up the air more or capture the soil of the greenhouse as well.

Did you know? For such heating, a central heating system can be used. It is used if the greenhouse itself is located no further than 10 m from your house. Otherwise, this method will be inefficient due to large heat losses during the transportation of water from the central system to the greenhouse. Remember that you must have the appropriate permission for such a solution.

This principle is based on the use of any heating boilers described above, to which a heat pump is connected. For example, when used together with a water boiler, the water in the pipes around the perimeter of the greenhouse can be heated up to 40°C. You can also connect it to other heating devices. As a rule, it turns on and off automatically, and therefore saves energy.

In addition, such a unit eliminates harmful emissions into the atmosphere, because the pump does not use open gas mixtures and other sources of fire. The unit itself takes up little space and looks neat. Another advantage of the pump is that it can be used not only for heating in winter, but also for cooling in summer.

The principle of operation of the device is quite simple. The unit is connected to the track or collector, where the heat will pass. A manifold is a long pipe through which liquid flows smoothly. Usually it is ethylene glycol, which absorbs and gives off heat well. The heat pump drives it along the perimeter of the pipes in the greenhouse, heating it up to 40 ° C, provided that the water boiler is running. If air is used as a heat source, it can be heated up to 55°C.

The most primitive, and therefore inefficient way of heating a greenhouse is air. It involves the installation of a pipe, one end of which goes into the greenhouse, and under the other, outside, a fire is made. The diameter of the pipe should be approximately 30 cm, and the length should be at least 3 m. Often the pipe is made longer, perforated and carried deep into the room in order to distribute heat more efficiently. The air that rises from the fire enters the greenhouse through a pipe, heating it.

Important! The fire in this case must be maintained constantly. That's why this method It is used mainly as an emergency, in the event of a breakdown of the main one.

The system is not very popular because it does not allow the soil to warm up well. Typically, pipes are installed under the ceiling so that the heat does not burn the leaves of plants. At the same time, it is necessary to constantly monitor the level of humidity, since with such heating it drops sharply and has a bad effect on plants.

Another way to heat the greenhouse with air is to install a fan that drives warm air. In this case, there is no need to install an extensive pipe system. The air heats up quickly, and the mobility of the fan and its lightness allow it to be used at various points in the greenhouse. In addition, the fan can be used not only for heating, but also for normal ventilation of the room, which is also necessary for the normal growth of plants.