Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square house 3 on the map. Hospice

Museums

Behind the Garden Ring, not far from the Moscow Compound of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, in a quiet shady lane, there is the house of the outstanding Russian artist V. M. Vasnetsov, built in 1894 according to the project of the artist himself in the neo-Russian style. V. M. Vasnetsov lived here for the last 32 years of his life (1894–1926). On August 25, 1953, a museum was opened in the house, in 1954 the 3rd Troitsky Lane, in which the house stands, was renamed Vasnetsov Lane. Immediately after the death of the artist, the relatives came up with the idea “to keep everything as it was, to arrange something like a house-museum”. Turning to the Tretyakov Gallery for help, they received consent to joint work on the organization of a posthumous exhibition of works by V. M. Vasnetsov with the further prospect of creating a museum. On January 27, 1927, the artist's son, Aleksey Viktorovich Vasnetsov, submitted a statement to the Gallery Board stating that the family was ready to accept all obligations related to the organization of the exhibition. He was also approved as the commissioner for the conduct of affairs. Alexei Viktorovich was assisted by his sister Tatyana Viktorovna and his wife Zinaida Konstantinovna. M. V. Nesterov, P. Korin, Ap. M. and Vl. V. Vasnetsov and Scientific Secretary of the Tretyakov Gallery N. S. Morgunov. The necessary repair work, several hundred posters with information about the exhibition were printed and pasted up, tickets were prepared and a catalog was published. The exhibition opened on March 13, 1927. On the first day it was visited by about 600 people. In the following days, many interested visitors and school groups came to the exhibition, there were excursions. The exposition of the exhibition was preserved until 1933. The preface to the catalog indicated that the works exhibited at the exhibition, in particular the fairy tale cycle, were presented to the public for the first time and that landscapes, sketches and sketches would be shown in the future, “which, combined with what is now being shown, should form the Viktor Vasnetsov Museum” . The exhibition featured 212 exhibits: paintings, drawings and objects of arts and crafts. The exhibits were placed in the living room, the former classroom and in the workshop. The authors of the catalog supplied the fabulously epic pictures with short texts from the literary source. During the years of the Great Patriotic Wars The artist's relatives continued to live in the house. Large paintings were rolled up, the rest of the works were placed in boxes. The house itself was not damaged, but the fence and terrace were not preserved. In September 1946, the heirs expressed their desire to organize a museum in the house by the centenary of the birth of V. M. Vasnetsov in 1948 and negotiated this with the Tretyakov Gallery. The exhibition of paintings by the master, which opened in May 1948 in the exhibition hall of the Union of Soviet Artists, aroused great interest among visitors and contributed to the decision to organize a museum. On June 29, 1950, an order of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was issued on the organization of the House-Museum of V. M. Vasnetsov. The Committee for Arts under the Council of Ministers of the USSR issued an order to start organizing a museum, for which purpose it was necessary to receive the house, as well as art collections and property donated by the artist's heirs to the state. A month later, on July 29, 1950, the heirs signed an application to the Committee for Arts under the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the gratuitous transfer of property and valuables to the state for the organization of the House-Museum of V. M. Vasnetsov. On July 18, 1951, by order of the Committee, the “Regulations on the House-Museum of V. M. Vasnetsov” were approved. On August 28, 1951, an act of acceptance by the commission of the house, works of art - paintings, graphics, works of arts and crafts, household items and property of V. M. Vasnetsov from his heirs was signed. The first director of the museum (from 1951 to 1957) was the artist's nephew Dmitry Arkadyevich Vasnetsov, a participant in the First World War and the Great Patriotic War, actor musical theater K. S. Stanislavsky and V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, director of the Children’s music school. Z. K. Vasnetsova was appointed the chief custodian. Together with Tatyana Viktorovna, D. A. Vasnetsov was engaged in repairing the house, restoring its layout and recreating the situation that was during the life of V. M. Vasnetsov. The architecture of the house was completely preserved, the furnishings of the house were restored at the beginning of the 20th century. The decoration of the dining room, living room and workshop has been almost completely preserved. In all other rooms, including the exposition rooms, original objects were presented, donated to the museum by the artist's family. The part of the collection that remained in the ownership of the heirs was transferred to the museum under the will of T.V. Vasnetsova in 1959 and on the basis of her deed of gift in 1961. Thus, all collections: paintings, graphics, objects of arts and crafts and everyday life, the personal archive and library of the artist, photographs and reproductions became part of the museum collection, which was replenished by donations from various people, purchases, and currently has about 25 thousands of museum items. In 1978–80, the house was restored, restored appearance outbuildings, where a janitor's, laundry and carriage house were located under a common roof, a cobblestone pavement and a brick path were restored in the courtyard. On the eastern side, a firewall (brick wall) erected in the 80s of the 19th century has been preserved, to which the mosaic “The Savior on the Throne” was transferred in the 1970s, made at the beginning of the 20th century according to the sketch of V. M. Vasnetsov in the St. Petersburg mosaic workshop under the direction of V. A. Frolov. On the northern and western sides of the house, a garden with centuries-old oaks and elms has been preserved. At the time of its organization, the museum was under the jurisdiction of the Committee for Arts under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. The practical management of the work of the museum was carried out by the General Directorate of Institutions fine arts. In 1954, the museum was transferred to the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR, in January 1955 - to the Department of Culture of the Moscow Council. In 1963, it was decided to join the Museum of the History and Reconstruction of Moscow, and in 1986 the V. M. Vasnetsov House-Museum became part of the State Tretyakov Gallery All-Union Museum Association as a scientific department.

The building, which with its facade faces , 3, is an architectural monument - the Hospice House of Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev.

The construction of the almshouse was conceived as early as 1792, when the count's wife, Praskovya Zhemchugova, was still alive and well. Later, after her death, this charitable institution was dedicated to her memory and became a kind of memorial building.

They built a complex designed for the free treatment of 50 people and the maintenance of 100 poor people, moreover, of both sexes, on the site of the royal Foundry Palace and the Cherkasy gardens that once stood here, which belonged to Sheremetev's mother, Varvara Alekseevna. At that time, there was already an almshouse for 48 people and, in the neighborhood, a church in the name of St. Xenia, built in 1649.

The initial project was created by the architect Elizva Semenovich Nazarov, and the Sheremetev fortress architects Argunov, Dikushin and Mironov were already involved in the construction.

During the construction process, the brilliant master Giacomo Quarenghi was involved in the work. It was thanks to this architect that the modest portico of the central part was replaced by a Tuscan colonnade, which is a semi-rotunda, which gave the whole composition some lightness and airiness.

According to Quarenghi's drawings, porticos were also built on the end facades and in the middle part of the side wings of the building, a bypass gallery, and work was carried out to create the decoration of the built-in church in the name of the Holy Trinity, the impressive dome of which crowns the composition of the structure of the Sheremetev Hospice House.

All these transformations came down to the fact that the building received a horseshoe shape, framing the front yard of the establishment.

The decoration of the Trinity Church and the White Hall were the main focus of the richly decorated interiors, which were created by the then famous painter Domenico Scotti and sculptor Gavriil Tikhonovich Zamaraev. To this day, elegant chandeliers, white marble stairs and floors, pale green luxurious columns made of Ural stone have survived here.

Looking at this splendor, you do not believe that the institution was built as an almshouse and a free medical institution. However, this is how it was, and, as mentioned above, it was created and dedicated to the memory of the Sheremetevs' beautiful wife - the serf actress Praskovya Zhemchugova.

The count and his faithful companion together selected a place for construction, and together they also laid coins “for good luck” in its foundation. Unfortunately, the wife did not live to see the opening and the count directed all his love for her to the fulfillment of their plans - the creation of a Hospice House on Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3.

Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev also did not live to see the opening. Having outlived his wife for six years, he died in 1809, a month and a half before the completion of construction and decoration work. It is because of this that the grand opening of the institution and the illumination of the church were postponed to 1810, which took place with a huge confluence of noble people and ordinary people.

The fire of 1812 spared the structure. The Moscow cholera epidemic of 1830 did not touch the local inhabitants either. The Sheremetev family remained the trustees of the hospital until the October Revolution of 1917.

Museums

Behind the Garden Ring, not far from the Moscow Compound of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, in a quiet shady lane, there is the house of the outstanding Russian artist V. M. Vasnetsov, built in 1894 according to the project of the artist himself in the neo-Russian style. V. M. Vasnetsov lived here for the last 32 years of his life (1894–1926). On August 25, 1953, a museum was opened in the house, in 1954 the 3rd Troitsky Lane, in which the house stands, was renamed Vasnetsov Lane. Immediately after the death of the artist, the relatives came up with the idea “to keep everything as it was, to arrange something like a house-museum”. Turning to the Tretyakov Gallery for help, they received consent to work together to organize a posthumous exhibition of works by V. M. Vasnetsov with the further prospect of creating a museum. On January 27, 1927, the artist's son, Aleksey Viktorovich Vasnetsov, submitted a statement to the Gallery Board stating that the family was ready to accept all obligations related to the organization of the exhibition. He was also approved as the commissioner for the conduct of affairs. Alexei Viktorovich was assisted by his sister Tatyana Viktorovna and his wife Zinaida Konstantinovna. M. V. Nesterov, P. Korin, Ap. M. and Vl. V. Vasnetsov and Scientific Secretary of the Tretyakov Gallery N. S. Morgunov. The necessary repair work was carried out, several hundred posters with information about the exhibition were printed and pasted up, tickets were prepared and a catalog was published. The exhibition opened on March 13, 1927. On the first day it was visited by about 600 people. In the following days, many interested visitors and school groups came to the exhibition, there were excursions. The exposition of the exhibition was preserved until 1933. The preface to the catalog indicated that the works exhibited at the exhibition, in particular the fairy tale cycle, were presented to the public for the first time and that landscapes, sketches and sketches would be shown in the future, “which, combined with what is now being shown, should form the Viktor Vasnetsov Museum” . The exhibition featured 212 exhibits: paintings, drawings and objects of arts and crafts. The exhibits were placed in the living room, the former classroom and in the workshop. The authors of the catalog supplied the fabulously epic pictures with short texts from the literary source. During the Great Patriotic War, the artist's relatives continued to live in the house. Large paintings were rolled up, the rest of the works were placed in boxes. The house itself was not damaged, but the fence and terrace were not preserved. In September 1946, the heirs expressed their desire for the centenary of the birth of V. M. Vasnetsov in 1948 to organize a museum in the house and negotiated this with the Tretyakov Gallery. The exhibition of paintings by the master, which opened in May 1948 in the exhibition hall of the Union of Soviet Artists, aroused great interest among visitors and contributed to the decision to organize a museum. On June 29, 1950, an order of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was issued on the organization of the House-Museum of V. M. Vasnetsov. The Committee for Arts under the Council of Ministers of the USSR issued an order to start organizing a museum, for which purpose it was necessary to receive the house, as well as art collections and property donated by the artist's heirs to the state. A month later, on July 29, 1950, the heirs signed an application to the Committee for Arts under the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the gratuitous transfer of property and valuables to the state for the organization of the House-Museum of V. M. Vasnetsov. On July 18, 1951, by order of the Committee, the “Regulations on the House-Museum of V. M. Vasnetsov” were approved. On August 28, 1951, an act of acceptance by the commission of the house, works of art - paintings, graphics, works of arts and crafts, household items and property of V. M. Vasnetsov from his heirs was signed. The first director of the museum (from 1951 to 1957) was the artist's nephew Dmitry Arkadyevich Vasnetsov, participant in the First World War and the Great Patriotic War, actor of the Musical Theater of K. S. Stanislavsky and V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, director of the Children's Music School. Z. K. Vasnetsova was appointed the chief custodian. Together with Tatyana Viktorovna, D. A. Vasnetsov was engaged in repairing the house, restoring its layout and recreating the situation that was during the life of V. M. Vasnetsov. The architecture of the house was completely preserved, the furnishings of the house were restored at the beginning of the 20th century. The decoration of the dining room, living room and workshop has been almost completely preserved. In all other rooms, including the exposition rooms, original objects were presented, donated to the museum by the artist's family. The part of the collection that remained in the ownership of the heirs was transferred to the museum under the will of T.V. Vasnetsova in 1959 and on the basis of her deed of gift in 1961. Thus, all collections: paintings, graphics, objects of arts and crafts and everyday life, the personal archive and library of the artist, photographs and reproductions became part of the museum collection, which was replenished by donations from various people, purchases, and currently has about 25 thousands of museum items. In 1978–80, the house was restored, the exterior of the outbuildings was restored, where the janitor's, laundry and carriage house were located under a common roof, a cobblestone pavement and a brick path were restored in the courtyard. On the eastern side, a firewall (brick wall) erected in the 80s of the 19th century has been preserved, to which the mosaic “The Savior on the Throne” was transferred in the 1970s, made at the beginning of the 20th century according to the sketch of V. M. Vasnetsov in the St. Petersburg mosaic workshop under the direction of V. A. Frolov. On the northern and western sides of the house, a garden with centuries-old oaks and elms has been preserved. At the time of its organization, the museum was under the jurisdiction of the Committee for Arts under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. The practical management of the work of the museum was carried out by the General Directorate of Fine Arts Institutions. In 1954, the museum was transferred to the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR, in January 1955 - to the Department of Culture of the Moscow Council. In 1963, it was decided to join the Museum of the History and Reconstruction of Moscow, and in 1986 the V. M. Vasnetsov House-Museum became part of the State Tretyakov Gallery All-Union Museum Association as a scientific department.