Carbon monoxide enters the atmosphere during any type of combustion. In cities, mainly in the composition of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. Carbon monoxide actively binds to hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin, and blocks the transfer of oxygen to tissue cells, which leads to hemic-type hypoxia. Carbon monoxide is also included in oxidative reactions, breaking the biochemical balance in the tissues.
Poisoning is possible:
In case of fires;
In production, where carbon monoxide is used to synthesize a number of organic substances (acetone, methyl alcohol, phenol, etc.);
In garages with poor ventilation, in other unventilated or poorly ventilated rooms, tunnels, as the car exhaust contains up to 1-3% CO according to the standards and over 10% with poor adjustment of the carburetor engine;
When you stay on a busy road or near it for a long time. On major highways, the average concentration of CO exceeds the poisoning threshold;
At home, in case of leakage of lighting gas and in case of untimely closed stove dampers in rooms with stove heating (houses, baths);
When using low-quality air in breathing apparatus.
For mild poisoning:
headache, pounding in the temples, dizziness, chest pain, dry cough, lacrimation, nausea, vomiting, visual and auditory hallucinations, reddening of the skin, carmine-red color of the mucous membranes, tachycardia, increased blood pressure;
For moderate poisoning:
drowsiness, motor paralysis is possible with preserved consciousness;
loss of consciousness, convulsions, involuntary discharge of urine and feces, respiratory failure, which becomes continuous, dilated pupils with a weakened reaction to light, sharp cyanosis (blue) of the mucous membranes and skin of the face. Death usually occurs at the scene as a result of respiratory arrest and a drop in cardiac activity.
When leaving a coma, the appearance of a sharp motor excitation is characteristic. Possible re-development of coma.
By clicking on the "Download archive" button, you will download the file you need for free.
Before downloading this file, remember those good essays, control, term papers, theses, articles and other documents that lie unclaimed on your computer. This is your work, it should participate in the development of society and benefit people. Find these works and send them to the knowledge base.
We and all students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.
To download an archive with a document, enter a five-digit number in the field below and click the "Download archive" button
Similar Documents
-
slide 5
Carbon monoxide is released into the atmosphere during any type of combustion.
slide 6
POISONING IS POSSIBLE
-
Slide 7
IN THE FIRE
Slide 8
When you stay on a busy road or near it for a long time (on major highways, the average concentration of gas exceeds the poisoning threshold).
Slide 9
Having closed the stove damper until the firewood, coal is burned (in a house with stove heating or a bath).
Slide 10
In winter, in the interior of cars with a faulty internal combustion engine, when people are trying to warm themselves in the cabin, waiting for something. I fall asleep and don't wake up again.
slide 11
Poisoning is most likely in garages with poor ventilation, in other unventilated or poorly ventilated areas, tunnels, since this gas is found in car exhaust.
slide 12
At home, with a leak of lighting gas, a faulty gas stove in an unventilated room.
slide 13
Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs as a result of violation of the rules for the operation of gas appliances, stove heating and neglect of elementary rules of life safety.
Slide 14
The main signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are headache, nausea; choking, confusion, muscle weakness, red complexion. Prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide can cause death.
slide 15
slide 16
exit immediately Fresh air and call ambulance– check if the gas equipment is turned off and open the windows. Never light a light or fire, as this may cause an explosion. -when going outside, call the fire department or the gas network repair service
Slide 17
If you are helping a victim of poisoning
-
Slide 18
Make sure you have support (someone is waiting for you outside and ready to help you) - entering the room you yourself can become a victim of poisoning - Entering the room where the victim is located - open windows and doors, do not turn on the light or fire -Try to take the victim outside as soon as possible, put him on his back, free him from tight clothes, let him smell the ammonia. - if the victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration immediately - call an ambulance
View all slides
CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
Since the beginning of the year, cases of carbon monoxide poisoning have become more frequent in the Novogrudok district. In the last month, 2 such cases have been registered. The main reason is a violation of the rules for the operation of stove heating.
Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the critical human conditions, leading to death. As a rule, poisoning occurs as a result of malfunctioning stove heating in countryside, when a person is in the fire, in a closed car with the engine running. The process of carbon monoxide poisoning has long been called carbon monoxide poisoning, hence the common name of this gas - carbon monoxide.
Carbon monoxide is completely odorless, carbon monoxide poisoning can occur unnoticed, and carbon monoxide is formed wherever there is a combustion process, even in the oven. At a content of 0.08% CO in the inhaled air, a person feels a headache and suffocation. With an increase in CO concentration to 0.32%, paralysis and loss of consciousness occur (death occurs after 30 minutes). At a concentration above 1.2%, consciousness is lost after 2-3 breaths, a person dies in less than 3 minutes.
The mechanism of action of carbon monoxide on a person is that when it enters the blood, it binds hemoglobin cells. Then hemoglobin loses its ability to carry oxygen. And the longer a person breathes carbon monoxide, the less efficient hemoglobin remains in his blood, and the less oxygen the body receives. A person begins to suffocate, a headache appears, consciousness is confused. And if you do not get out in time for fresh air, then a lethal outcome is not ruled out.
If you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning in yourself or others, first aid should be quick.
At mild form of poisoning it is necessary to leave the danger zone on your own, covering your mouth and nose with a cloth soaked in water. If you are using a bandage to protect yourself from carbon monoxide, it must be changed frequently, as the products of combustion are deposited in the fibers.
If you have a headache or dizziness, drink hot coffee or tea. A solution of baking soda at the rate of 1 teaspoon per glass of water is also useful.
Whiskey, face and chest must be wiped with vinegar. A weak vinegar solution can be taken orally.
Injured with severe damage- impaired coordination of movements or in an unconscious state, you need to endure. He also needs to protect his mouth and nose with a cloth soaked in water.
The most important thing in this situation is to ensure the flow of fresh air. If necessary, give the victim artificial respiration. If the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning is foreseeable, such as in a fire, it is advisable to prepare self-contained sources of oxygen - oxygen cartridges and pillows.
In case of loss of consciousness, bring cotton wool with ammonia to the victim's nose at a distance of no more than 1 cm. If you bring ammonia too close, it can cause paralysis of the respiratory tract.
A cooling container with ice or cold water should be placed on the head and chest, and the feet, on the contrary, should be warmed.
Remember that carbon monoxide poisoning takes a long time for the body to recover. There are cases when people died a few weeks after the poisoning. At the same time, the adverse effect is completely reversible if first aid is provided to the victim in a timely manner.
Propaganda and training group of the Novogrudok ROChS
Completed by: Teacher of Mathematics and Life Safety State Educational Establishment "Boarding School for Students in AOP Alekseevka" Bobrinskaya Irina Nikolaevna
Carbon monoxide, or carbon monoxide, or carbon monoxide (CO), is often referred to as the "silent killer". The main problem is that it has no color, no taste, no smell, no sensation at all (until it's too late). It is impossible to detect "by eye", and for the victim, his presence remains unnoticed. At the same time, the gas spreads quickly, mixing with air without losing its toxic properties.
Entering the body during breathing, it penetrates from the lungs into the circulatory system, where it combines with hemoglobin. As a result, the blood loses its ability to carry and deliver oxygen to the tissues, and the body very quickly begins to experience a lack of it. First of all, the brain suffers, but other organs can also be affected, depending on the general state of health. According to an old proverb: "Where it is thin, it breaks there."
Gas, coal, firewood, gasoline and so on - it doesn't matter. Only the degree of risk is different. In the "leaders" in terms of the amount of carbon monoxide released during combustion, coal is listed. Automobiles are considered to be the main source of pollution for the environment.
According to scientists, the concentration of CO2 in cigarette smoke exceeds the maximum allowable by 8 times.
Natural gas itself is safe - but only if it is of good quality, well ventilated, and properly installed equipment is used. Cases of carbon monoxide poisoning in apartments where there are geysers, alas, are recorded annually.
1. Use only serviceable equipment. 2. Take care of good ventilation. 3. Do not close the stove damper until the coals are burned out 4. Motorists, do not work in the garage with the engine running A significant part of carbon monoxide poisoning occurs in a dream!!!
Dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, shortness of breath, cough, watery eyes. disorientation
With moderate and severe poisoning, problems in the work of the cardiovascular system are very likely. Arrhythmias occur (you will notice that the pulse has become uneven, intermittent); blood pressure drops, body temperature drops. In such a situation, without timely medical care, the victim may die from cardiac arrest or myocardial infarction.
In case of mild poisoning (if the case was limited to dizziness and nausea), it is usually enough to take (or take out) a person to fresh air. But until his condition completely returns to normal, observe, fix any changes in order to come to the rescue in time, if necessary. In severe poisoning and moderate injuries, as a rule, hospitalization is needed. And, in any case, you should not try to do without medical help - call an ambulance without delay.
The main task is to alleviate the condition of the victim, as much as you can. If chills begin, the temperature drops, wrap up warmer, drink sweet tea (if the person is conscious, of course). Make yourself comfortable (and preferably outdoors or at least near an open window) to make breathing easier. Calm down if scared or excited. Lay the unconscious person on his side and make sure that his head does not throw back, especially if vomiting suddenly occurs.
Causes of fires in residential buildings. Ways of salvation in case of impossibility to eliminate the fire on their own. Fire in the kitchen or on the balcony. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning, first aid. Flood and flood hazard factors, actions in case of a threat.
abstract, added 07/27/2009
Rendering first aid victim in a coma. First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning. Familiarization with the rules for the movement of pedestrians in residential areas. Restrictions on stopping route vehicles.
abstract, added 01/22/2016
General information and the mechanism of the toxic effect of carbon monoxide, its assessment negative consequences for the life of the human body. Risk groups and causes of poisoning, its degree and symptoms. First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning.
abstract, added 05/03/2015
Characteristics of poisoning with pesticides, drugs, alcohol and carbon monoxide. Signs and complications as a result of the ingress of toxic substances into the body. Types of food poisoning. Principles of first aid in case of poisoning.
abstract, added 12/22/2013
Rational organization of the workplace. Color design of industrial interior. Evaluation of the quality of the production environment. Poison mushrooms. Signs, symptoms and first aid for mushroom poisoning. Measures of antibacterial protection.
control work, added 12/13/2008
First medical care when a person is injured electric shock. Types of bleeding and help with them. Actions for sunstroke and insect bites, poisoning, drowning, broken limbs, as well as fainting of various etiologies.
presentation, added 04/11/2015
Personal protective equipment used in the production of electric welding. Safety measures when using liquefied gas cylinders. First aid for ammonia poisoning. Danger of electric shock when welding.
slide 2
Carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion various kinds fuel, wood, garbage, etc. This gas is odorless, colorless, non-irritating to the eyes and therefore cannot be felt.
slide 3
Why is this gas so dangerous?
It replaces oxygen in the blood. As a result, the blood carries too little oxygen to nourish body tissues. Inhalation of even a small amount of it can cause serious illness, and in some cases, death.
slide 4
Only lovers will survive
Features of advertising aimed at children
retouching old photos in photoshop retouching old photos
What is an NPO: decoding, definition of goals, types of activities Does a non-profit organization have the right
Gleb Nikitin First Deputy