The average number of workers on a construction site. Determination of needs and selection of types of inventory buildings. Deviation for two objects

04.04.2020

1 The need for construction workers

The largest number of workers at the construction site is determined according to the workforce movement schedule or on the basis of the work schedule, the volume of work performed and the average annual output of performers per worker according to the formula:

where BUT- the number of workers at the construction site;

B - total cost construction and installation or special works, 3960.0 thousand rubles;

AT- average annual output per worker - 15,000 rubles;

T- the duration of the work calendar plan, 3 years.

BUT= 3960000: 15000: 3 = 88 people

Engineers, employees and MOS make up 15% of most working on the construction site:

BUT 1 = BUT´ 0.15 = 88 ´ 0.15 = 14 people

BUT 2 = BUT -BUT 1 \u003d 88 - 14 \u003d 74 people.

Workers in the most numerous shift make up 70% of the largest number of workers on the construction site:

A 3 = BUT 2 ´ 0.70 = 74 ´ 0.70 = 52 people

Engineers, employees and MOS in the most numerous shift make up 80% of the largest number of engineers, employees and MOS at the construction site:

BUT 4 = BUT 1 ´ 0.80 = 14 ´ 0.80 = 12 people

The total number of employees in the most numerous shift will be:

BUT 5 = A 3 + BUT 4 = 52 + 12 = 64 people

Working women in the most numerous shift make up 30% of the total number of employees in the most numerous shift:

BUT 6 = BUT 5 ´ 0.3 = 64 ´ 0.3 = 20 people

BUT 7 = BUT 5 - BUT 6 = 64 - 20 = 44 people

The number of employees employed in motor transport, in service enterprises and auxiliary industries (factories of reinforced concrete structures, concrete-mortar units) is not included in the calculation due to the centralized supply of concrete and mortar for construction, as well as semi-finished products and products from factories and bases of Glavmospromstroymaterialov by Glavmosavtotrans vehicles.

2 Calculation of temporary buildings and structures

The calculation of the need for temporary buildings and structures is carried out according to the formula:

R tr = R n ´ To,

where R n- normative indicator of the area;

To- the total number of employees (or their certain categories) or the number of employees in the most numerous shift;

R tr- the required area of inventory buildings.

Buildings for sanitary purposes

Dressing room - at a rate of 0.89 sq. m per worker per day:

R tr= 0.89 ´ BUT 2 \u003d 0.89 ´ 74 \u003d 66 sq. m

Washrooms - at a rate of 0.07 sq. m per worker in the most numerous shift:

R tr= 0.07 ´ BUT 5 \u003d 0.07 ´ 64 \u003d 4 sq. m

Showers - at a rate of 0.54 sq. m per worker in the most numerous shift:

R tr= 0.54´ BUT 5 \u003d 0.54 ´ 64 \u003d 35 sq. m

Premises for heating workers - at a rate of 0.1 sq. m per worker in the most numerous shift:

R tr= 0.1´ A 3 \u003d 0.1 ´ 52 \u003d 8 sq. m (at least 8 m 2 is accepted)

A room for drying overalls and footwear - at a rate of 0.2 sq. m per worker:

R tr= 0.2´ BUT 2 \u003d 0.2 ´ 74 \u003d 15 sq. m

Restrooms - at a rate of 0.07 sq. m per worker in the most numerous shift:

R tr= 0.07 ´ BUT 5 \u003d 0.07 ´ 64 \u003d 4 sq. m

Room for personal hygiene of women - determined by the number of women working in the most numerous shift ( BUT 6):

When the number of women is less than 100 people. a special cabin with a rising shower is provided 1 pc ´ 2.88 sq. m

R tr= 3 sq. m

Open areas for recreation and smoking areas are determined by the number of employees in the most numerous shift per person 0.2 sq. m:

R tr= 0.2´ BUT 5 \u003d 0.2 ´ 64 \u003d 13 sq. m

Health center - is determined when the total number of employees in the most numerous shift is up to 300 people. - 12 sq. m - a medical room at the foremen with a separate entrance:

R tr= 12 sq. m

2.2 Food outlets

Dining room - determined at the rate of 4 people. for one seat. The number of visitors to the canteen is 75% of the number of employees in the most numerous shift:

BUT 5: 4 ´ 0.75 = 64: 4 ´ 0.75 = 12 seats

The area per one seat in the presence of 12 seats in the hall, taking into account the preparation of food from raw materials - 1.02 sq. m

R tr 1 \u003d 1.02 ´ 12 \u003d 12 sq. m

Buffet - determined at the rate of 4 people. for one seat. The number of visitors to the buffet is 25% of the number of employees in the most numerous shift:

BUT 5: 4 ´ 0.25 = 64: 4 ´ 0.25 = 4 places

The area per seat in the presence of 4 seats - 0.7 square meters. m

R tr 2 \u003d 0.7 ´ 4 \u003d 3 sq. m

Total required area for food points:

R tr = R tr 1 + R tr 2 \u003d 12 + 3 \u003d 15 sq. m

2.3 Administrative buildings

The office of the heads of sections, foremen - is determined according to the norm of 4 square meters. m per one engineer, employee and MOS working on the line and making up 50% of the total number of personnel of these categories. 10% is also added to the area of corridors, passages, vestibules.

R tr= 4´ BUT 1 ´ 1.1 ´ 0.5 = 4 ´ 14 ´ 1.1 ´ 0.5 = 31 sq. m

Control room - determined according to the norm of 7 square meters. m per person service personnel. 5% is also added to the area of corridors, walkways, vestibules and 8 sq. m - the area of the room at the control room for the radio loudspeaker.

R tr\u003d (7 ´ Hell) ´ 1.05 + 8 \u003d (7 ´ 50) ´ 1.05 + 8 \u003d 376 sq. m,

where Ad - the number of attendants of the control room - 50 people. Red corner - determined by the norm of 0.2 square meters. m per worker in the most numerous shift. 10% is also added to the area of corridors, passages, vestibules.

R tr = BUT 5 ´ 1.1 ´ 0.2 \u003d 0.22 ´ 64 \u003d 14 sq. m

Construction headquarters.

a) work rooms - at a rate of 4 sq. m per person:

R tr\u003d 4 ´ Ar \u003d 4 ´ 34 \u003d 136 square meters. m

where Ap - the number of people in the working rooms - 34 people.

b) a room for a working design group - at a rate of 6 sq. m per person:

R tr\u003d 6 ´ Ap \u003d 6 ´ 3 \u003d 18 square meters. m,

where Ap - the number of people in the working design group - 3 people.

c) offices of construction managers (complex) - at a rate of 31 sq. m per construction manager:

R tr\u003d 31 ´ An \u003d 31 ´ 2 \u003d 62 sq. m,

where An - the number of construction managers - 2 people.

d) meeting room - at a rate of 0.9 sq. m per person in the hall:

R tr\u003d 0.9 ´ Ac \u003d 0.9 ´ 10 \u003d 9 square meters. m,

where Ac - the number of people for which the meeting room is designed - for 10 people.

e) methodical office:

R tr= 23 sq. m

e) pantries:

R tr= 70 sq. m

and) construction laboratories:

R tr= 34 sq. m

Buildings and structures for warehouse purposes.

a) Closed heated warehouse - at a rate of 24 sq. m per 1 million rubles. maximum annual cost of construction and installation works:

R tr= B/T/1000´24´ t´ to

R tr= 67.0 / 1.0 / 1000 ´ 24 ´ 1.3 ´ 1.1 = 0 sq. m,

where m- coefficient of uneven production consumption of materials = 1.3;

to- coefficient of non-uniformity of receipt of materials and products to construction warehouses = 1.1;

b) Closed unheated warehouse - at a rate of 51.2 sq. m per 1 million rubles. maximum annual cost of construction and installation works:

R tr= B/T/1000´51.2´m´k

R tr= 67.0 / 1.0 / 1000 ´ 51.2 ´ 1.3 ´ 1.1 = 0 sq. m,

c) Sheds - at a rate of 76.3 sq. m per 1 million rubles. maximum annual cost of construction and installation works:

R tr= B/T/ 1000´76.3´ t´ to

R tr= 67.0/ 1.0/1000 ´ 76.3 ´ 1.3 ´ 1.1 = 1 sq. m,

d) Tool workshops - at a rate of 13 sq. m per 1 million rubles. maximum annual cost of construction and installation works:

R tr= B/T/1000´13´ m´ k

R tr= 67.0 / 1.0 /1000 ´ 13 ´ 1.3 ´ 1.1 = 0 sq. m,

e) Open storage areas at a rate of 552 sq. m per 1 million rubles. maximum annual cost of construction and installation works:

R tr= B/T/ 1000´552´ m´ k

R tr= 67.0 / 1.0 / 1000 ´ 552 ´ 1.3 ´ 1.1 = 4 sq. m,

The results of calculations of the need for temporary buildings and structures are summarized in Table B.1.

No. p / p	Name	Unit rev.	Qty.	Project number and code

Buildings and facilities for sanitary purposes
	Wardrobe	sq. m
	Washrooms	sq. m
	showers	sq. m
	Warm room for workers	sq. m
	Room for drying clothes and shoes	sq. m
	latrines	sq. m
	Room for personal hygiene of women	sq. m
	health centers	sq. m
	Food items	sq. m
	TOTAL	162 sq. m
	Open areas for recreation and smoking areas	sq. m
Administrative buildings
	Offices of section chiefs, superintendent	sq. m
	control room	sq. m
	red corner	sq. m
	Construction HQ:
	a) work rooms	sq. m
	b) room for the working design group	sq. m
	c) offices of construction managers	sq. m
	d) meeting room	sq. m
	e) methodical office	sq. m
	e) pantries	sq. m
	g) construction laboratories	sq. m
	TOTAL:	773 sq. m
Buildings and structures for storage purposes
	Closed heated warehouse	sq. m
	Closed unheated warehouse	sq. m
	Sheds	sq. m
	Tool workshops	sq. m
	Open storage areas	sq. m
	TOTAL:	5 sq. m
TOTAL NEED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES excluding OPEN STORAGE AND RECREATION AREAS IS: 936 SQ. M

The need for office and administrative premises is calculated based on the maximum number of workers employed in construction and installation works. Required amount workers for the calculation of administrative and amenity premises is determined based on the average annual output according to the PSO MOSPROMSTROY and the cost of construction and installation works of the facility.

The calculation of the need for administrative and amenity premises was made on the basis of the Norms for determining the areas of temporary administrative and amenity premises during the construction of facilities in Moscow, SNiP 2.09.04-87* and the Guide to SNiP 3.01.01-85*.

Appendix 3
(reference)

Example of parameter calculation network graphics construction of a 19-storey monolithic reinforced concrete house.
1 Initial data

1.1 Geographical point of construction: Moscow

1.2 Ground conditions: the nature and bearing capacity of soils, the position of the groundwater level is deep.

1.3 Name of the main projected object (building): monolithic reinforced concrete residential building, 19-storey, plan dimensions 28.7×28.7 m.

The height of the building is 64.89 (from the foundation slab). The height of the floor from floor to floor is 3.30 m. The height of the technical underground is 3.60 m. The height of the technical floor is 4.85 m.

1.4 Material of the main and enclosing structures: external walls - monolithic reinforced concrete load-bearing 250 mm thick; internal walls - monolithic reinforced concrete load-bearing 180 mm thick; floors - monolithic reinforced concrete 160 mm thick.

The outer walls along the facades of the building consist of monolithic reinforced concrete 250 mm thick, load-bearing, lined with large-sized decorative bricks and an effective insulation placed between them.

The internal walls are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 180 mm. In the technical underground there are openings for the passage of service personnel and openings for laying communications. In the residential part of the building there are channels for electrical wiring.

Interfloor floors - monolithic reinforced concrete 160 mm thick, serving as a connecting frame with walls.

Windows and balcony doors - with double glazing of a separate design.

Roof covering of the building - 5 layers: 3 layers of roofing material on bituminous mastic, insulation - mineral wool, waterproofing, cement screed.

2 Calculation of the parameters of the network schedule for the construction of a 19-storey residential building.

Start of construction - 01.04.2001

Construction is carried out during daylight hours to save energy and for safety reasons.

This project was developed for the period of construction of a residential monolithic 19-storey building at the address: Rabochaya st., 22/24.

The construction of the house is carried out with the help of a tower crane NVK-160.1.

Concreting of monolithic structures is carried out by a PUTZMEISTER BRF 3209.EM concrete pump.

Calculation of the coefficient of unevenness

where K n£ 1.5...1.7

Rmax- the maximum number of workers (according to the schedule);

Table B.1 - Aggregate calculation estimated cost outdoor networks

Table B.2 - Work identification card for network I

No. p / p	Name of works	Code (code) of works	Scope of work	Labor intensity	Composition of the brigade, people	Number of shifts	Main machines	Duration of work, days	Production, nature. indicators
units rev.	count	people-see	machine-see

	Development of the excavation soil with an excavator	1-2	m 3	3500,0
	Concrete preparation device	2-3	m 3	106,0						4,5
	Installation of reinforcement of the foundation slab on the 1st grip	3-4	t	49,8						0,33
	Installation of reinforcement of the foundation slab on the II grip	4-5	t	49,8						0,33
	Installation of the formwork of the foundation slab on the 1st grip	4-6	m 2	47,8
	Installation of the formwork of the foundation slab on the second grip	5-7	m 2	47,8
	Laying the concrete mix of the foundation slab on the 1st grip	6-8	m 3	410,0	74,5					5,5
	Installation of reinforcement of the walls of the technical underground on the 1st block	8-10	t	4,6						0,33
	Installation of reinforcement of the walls of the technical underground on the II area	9-11	t	4,6						0,33
	Installation of the formwork of the walls of the technical underground on the 1st block	10-12	m 2	1104,5						6,3
	Installation of the formwork of the walls of the technical underground on the II area	11-13	m 2	1104,5						6,3
	Laying the concrete mixture of the walls of the technical field on the 1st grip	12-14	m 3	98,6						2,3
	Laying the concrete mixture of the walls of the technical underground on the II area	13-15	m 3	98,6						2,3
	Installation of the formwork for the floor of the technical underground on the I grip	14-16	m 2	332,5	60,5					5,5
	Installation of the formwork for the floor of the technical underground on the II occupancy	15-17	m 2	332,5	60,5					5,5
	Installation of reinforcement for the floor of the technical underground on the 1st block	16-18	t	2,5	11,5					0,21
	Installation of reinforcement for the floor of the technical underground on the II area	17-19	t	2,5	11,5					0,21
	Laying the concrete mix for the floor of the technical underground on the 1st block	18-20	m 3							2,3
	Laying the concrete mix for the floor of the technical underground on the II area	19-21	m 3							2,3
	Waterproofing	15-22	m 2		16,8
	backfilling	22-23	m 3		0,5
	blind area	23-24	m 3		6,0					4,5
	Installation of wall reinforcement of a typical floor on the 1st grip	20-25	t	2,4						0.21
	Installation of wall reinforcement of a typical floor on the II grip	21-26	t	2,4						0,21
	Installation of the formwork of the walls of a typical floor on the 1st grip	25-27	m 2							6,3
	Installing the formwork of the walls of a typical floor on the II grip	26-28	m 2							6,3
	Laying the concrete mix of the walls of a typical floor on the 1st grip	27-29	m 3							2,3
	Laying the concrete mix of the walls of a typical floor on the II grip	28-30	m 3							2,3
	Installation of the formwork for the floor of a typical floor on the 1st grip	29-31	m 2							5,5
	Installation of the formwork for the floor of a typical floor on the II grip	30-32	m 2							5,5
	Installation of floor reinforcement of a typical floor on the 1st grip	31-33	t	3,0	9,5					0,32
	Installation of floor reinforcement of a typical floor on the II grip	32-34	t	3,0	9,5					0,32
	Laying the concrete mix of the floor of a typical floor on the 1st grip	33-35	m 3							2,6
	Laying the concrete mix for the floor of a typical floor on the II section	34-36	m 3							2,6
	Installation of reinforcement of the walls of the technical floor on the 1st grip	35-37	t	2,5	11,5					0,21
	Installation of reinforcement of the walls of the technical floor on the II grip	36-38	t	2,5	11,5					0,21
	Installation of the formwork of the walls of the technical floor on the 1st grip	37-39	m 2							6,3
	Installation of formwork for walls of the technical floor on the II grip	38-40	m 2							6,3
	Laying the concrete mix of the walls of the technical floor on the 1st grip	39-41	m 3							2,3
	Laying the concrete mix of the walls of the technical floor on the II grip	40-42	m 3							2,3
	Installation of formwork for the ceiling of the technical floor on the 1st grip	41-43	m 2							5,5
	Installation of formwork for the ceiling of the technical floor on the II grip	42-44	m 2							5,5
	Installation of reinforcement of the technical floor on the 1st grip	43-45	t	3,1						0,32
	Installation of fittings of the technical floor on the II grip	44-46	t	3,1						0,32
	Laying the concrete mix for the floor of the technical floor on the 1st grip	45-47	m 3							2,6
	Laying the concrete mix for the floor of the technical floor on the II grip	46-48	m 3							2,6

Table B.3. An example of calculating a network diagram in tabular form for the I model of a network diagram

Qty. previous work	Code of works	Duration	Early dates	Late dates	Reserves of time
T r.n.	T r.o.	T b.s.	T p.o.	R total	R part.
	1-2					to
	2-3					to
	3-4					to
	4-6
	6-8
	8-10
	4-5					to
	5-7					to
	7-9					to
	9-11					to
	10-12
	11-13					to
	14-16
	13-15					to

Table B.4 - Work identification card for network II

No. p / p

Code of works

Name of works

Scope of work

Labor intensity, man-days

Production in kind, units

Required Mechanisms

Duration, days

Number of shifts

Number of workers per shift

units rev.

count

Name

count

Preparation period

Rub.

400 rub.

Bulldozer D-153

Excavation

m 3

500 m2/h

Excavator E-505

The device of a monolithic foundation slab

From I network diagram

Tower crane HBK-160-1

The device of the technical underground

From I network diagram

Concrete pump PUTSMEISTER BRF 3289EM

Waterproofing

m 2

16,8

20 m

The device of external communications and input to the building

Thousand rub.

56,03

500 rubles/person

Pipelayer

Backfilling of the sinuses of the pit

m 3

0.5

500 m 3 /person

Bulldozer D-159

blind area

m 3

4.5 m3 / person

Construction of the underground part of the building

1-3 fl.

From network diagram 6802

4-7 fl.

8-11 fl.

12-15 floor

13-14

16-19 fl.

14-15

Technical floor and roof

15-16

Roof device

m 2

761,76

9.76 m2 / person

15-17

Supply of elevators

Tower crane NVK-160-1

17-18

Commissioning works

Facing works

728965.6 rubles

500 rub.

1-3 fl.

Tower crane NVK-160-1

19-20

4-7 fl.

20-21

8-11 fl.

21-22

12-15 floor

22-23

16-19 fl.

23-24

Technical floor

Plumbing work

RUB 583,172.52

450 rub.

1-3 fl.

31-32

4-7 fl.

32-33

8-11 fl.

33-34

12-15 floor

34-35

16-19 fl.

35-36

Technical floor

Electric installation work

43737939 rub.

400 rub.

19-25

1-3 fl.

25-26

4-7 fl.

26-27

8-11 fl.

27-28

12-15 floor

28-29

16-19 fl.

29-30

Technical floor

15-38

Joinery

Rub.

437,38

500 rub.

31-37

Thermal insulation works

Rub.

450 rub.

Landscaping and landscaping

Rub.

400 rub.

Related unaccounted works

Rub.

300 rub.

38-41

Preparation for delivery

41-42

Change

Total: T total= 13758 man-days

Appendix 4
(reference)

A COMMON PART

The standard structure and norms for the number of engineering and technical workers and employees are intended for use in construction and installation and repair and construction departments and self-supporting sections of the industry.

The development of a typical structure and population standards is based on:

guidelines and provisions for the development of normative materials of the Research Institute of Labor;

the results of the analysis of technical and economic indicators and the state of labor organization and production management of construction and installation and repair and construction organizations;

technical calculations using methods of mathematical statistics;

collection "Typical structure and standards for the number of engineers and employees of construction and installation and repair and construction organizations of the oil industry". - M., VNIIOENG, 1978.

The standard structure and norms for the number of employees are established for the administrative apparatus and production units of construction and installation and repair and construction departments and self-supporting sections.

The headcount standards are calculated by establishing its relationship from the main norm-forming factors for the following management functions, arising from the content and nature of the work performed by engineering and technical workers and employees of the construction and installation and repair and construction departments.

I. General guidance

II. Production and technical.

III. Occupational health and safety.

IV. Repair and energy service.

V. Technical and economic planning.

VI. Labor organization and wages.

VII. Accounting and financial activities.

VIII. Logistics.

IX. Selection, placement and training of personnel.

X. Paperwork and economic services.

XI. Design and organizational (design and estimate) work.

Standards for the number of production (line) personnel of industrial construction sites, civil engineering, electrical work, auxiliary production, etc. are presented by the total number for each division, depending on the indicators of the work performed.

The standards for the number of engineers and employees of the administrative apparatus (N) are determined separately for each function, depending on the following norm-forming factors:

The annual volume of work performed on its own, taking into account the correction factors for the types of work provided for by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Labor and the Secretariat of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of March 16, 1971 N 88/8 to classify organizations as a group for remuneration of managers and engineering and technical workers. The scope of work excludes amounts attributable to regional coefficients of wages, northern allowances and costs for procurement and storage work, million rubles;

- the annual volume of work under the general contract (management or self-supporting site), taking into account the adjustment coefficients for the types of work, minus the volumes attributable to regional wage coefficients, northern allowances and costs for procurement and storage work, million rubles.

If the SMU (RCS) does not perform work under the general contract, then the factor is taken.

- the annual volume of work of the section, performed on its own, taking into account the correction factors for the types of work, minus the volumes attributable to regional wage coefficients, northern allowances and costs for procurement and storage work, million rubles;

- the cost of machines and mechanisms on the management balance sheet, thousand rubles;

- total number of employees in the department, people;

- the number of workers in management, people;

- number of workers in the area, people;

- number of plots under management, units.

The normative number is determined by the formulas. When a fractional value is obtained, values of 0.5 or more are rounded up to an integer, and less than 0.5 are discarded.

The normative headcount in general for management (SMU, RSU, SU, etc.) is determined by summing the corresponding normative values by management functions and production sites, calculated for the planned scope of work.

If individual indicators are not planned, their actual values for the year are taken.

The number of employees involved in the performance of the functions of labor regulation and accounting in production units (sections) is provided for by the standards for the number of administrative staff.

If in management as a result of a high level of labor organization and production management, the implementation production plan carried out by a smaller number of engineering and technical workers and employees than provided for by these standards, the number should not increase.

The standard structure and standards do not provide for the number of road construction (road repair) departments and road sections that are part of the construction and installation and repair and construction departments, as well as mechanized works departments.

The standards do not cover the following structural units, groups and positions that are part of the construction and installation and repair and construction departments: security personnel, housing, convoy (garage), gamma flaw detection laboratories, industrial gymnastics instructors, civil defense workers, cleaners office space, couriers.

The number of sentry guards is established within the approved labor limits for this category of workers. The number of personnel of communication centers is established depending on the availability of communication facilities (commutator, teletype, walkie-talkie) within the labor plan. The number of civil defense workers is determined on the basis of the relevant Regulations, and instructors-methodologists of industrial gymnastics - in accordance with the decision of the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of April 22, 1956.

The names of positions in the collection are established in accordance with the current directories: "Qualification directory of positions of employees." - M .: Research Institute of Labor, 1979 and the current salary schemes provided for by the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of December 29, 1968 N 1045.

TYPICAL STRUCTURE OF CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION AND REPAIR AND CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENTS


Name structural divisions	The annual volume of construction and installation works in million rubles.
		from 1.9 to 3.2	1.2 to 1.9
Management
Boss
Chief Engineer
Deputy Chief
Departments
Production and technical
Planned
Planning and production (in the absence of production and technical and planned)
Labor and wages
Accounting
Production divisions
Construction, construction and installation, repair and construction sites
Ancillary production

When establishing the structure of the management apparatus, construction and installation and repair and construction organizations must be guided by the following conditions:

departments of the management apparatus of construction and installation and repair and construction organizations are created with a number of employees of at least four people, including the head of the department;

in case of production need, functions related or related in nature of work can be combined in one department if the number of each of them is less than the established minimum for creating a department;

if the department provided typical structure, is not created, specialists of this profile are provided for in other departments or under management;

the position of deputy head of the department is provided for with the planned annual volume of work performed on its own, over 2.5 million rubles;

the position of deputy head of a department is introduced if there are at least seven employees in the department, and at least five in the accounting department;

if the number of engineers and employees by function is equal to four or more people, and according to the standard structure, the department is not provided, the creation of the department in connection with the production need is allowed with the permission of the higher organization.

STANDARDS FOR THE NUMBER OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL WORKERS AND EMPLOYEES OF CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION AND REPAIR AND CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENTS

1. General guidance

Job titles: chief, Chief Engineer, Deputy Chief.

Headcount standards for the annual volume of work performed on their own (), million rubles: up to 2.5 - 2 units; over 2.5 - 3 units.

2. Production and technical

Job titles: head of department, senior engineer, engineer, technician.

Number standards:


Number of employees (), pers.	The volume of work performed on its own (), million rubles.

3. Occupational health and safety

Job titles: senior engineer for labor protection and safety, engineer for labor protection and safety.

The rationing of the labor of engineering and technical workers (ITR) and employees is necessary for the correct calculation of their number, the objective distribution of duties between employees, the growth of their labor productivity, and objective conditions for material incentives.

To engineering and technical workers includes employees who organize production process, technical, economic and managerial guidance. It is necessary to distinguish between engineers and specialists. The basis for classifying workers as engineers is the position held (engineer, technician, agronomist, livestock specialist), and not education, therefore, they also include practitioners who do not have special education.

Specialists These are employees who have completed higher and secondary specialized education. They can be both engineers and employees.

Specialists include employees engaged in engineering, technical, economic and other work, employees - employees involved in the preparation and execution of documentation, accounting and control, economic services (secretaries, commandants, clerks, cashiers, timekeepers, freight forwarders, etc.).

Taking into account the peculiarities of the work of engineers and employees, their work is rationed with the help of various methods analytical rationing of the labor intensity of work and the number of performers. The choice of the rationing method depends on the complexity of the work performed, the variety of methods and approaches to solving problems, and the frequency of work. Accordingly, three groups can be defined:

1. Works that do not require great creative effort and are characterized by a small variety of operations performed

They require the exact implementation of the established order, rules, methods, instructions, standards (for example, shorthand, office work, accounting operations, detailing and copying documents, their design and reproduction, calculations according to a given program). Time limits for these works are established by analytical methods.

Consider how the work of the contractor is normalized to create a piecework order for the work performed on industrial enterprise.

Example 1

Creating an order for work performed contains a number of sequentially performed actions (algorithm; see diagram).

When performing work on creating an outfit, the contractor must act according to the algorithm. Knowing the initial data (the number of workers), it is possible to estimate the complexity of this work. Considering that the work contractor also performs other work, for which there are also prescribed algorithms, it is possible to calculate the total labor intensity and, accordingly, determine the number of work contractors at the enterprise.

2. Works requiring creative work

These works are not only technical activities (preparation of materials, design, drawing up diagrams and calculations), but also creative - the study various materials and search for solutions to problems. These are design, calculation, design, planning and other works.

The first part is normalized by the methods of analytical normalization, the second - the creative part - cannot be normalized by these methods. They apply to:

the method of analogies according to the categories of complexity of the work performed;
expert method;
method by typical representatives.

So, analogy method consists in the fact that previously developed themes, constructions technological processes are divided into the simplest elements of work, for which the actual time spent is recorded. When normalizing the development labor intensity, the value of time is taken from analogues and corrected (tightened) taking into account the growth in labor productivity.

Practice shows that in the designs and technology of their manufacture up to 50-60% are repetitive elements of work.

Note

The labor intensity of that part of the work, which has no analogues, is calculated using conversion factors that take into account the complexity and originality of the work. Conversion factors are set mainly by the expert method.

To normalize the work of designers and technologists, you can use analytical and calculation method, which is carried out in two stages.

At the first stage, when issuing work to a designer (technologist), only the type of work is indicated and an approximate time limit is set. This is necessary in order to calculate the monthly workload plan for an employee.

At the second stage, when the work is done, the quantitative and qualitative rationing of labor costs is carried out. Quantification answers the question of how many standard 1A4 formats fit in a finished drawing. Qualitative assessment allows you to attribute the drawing to a certain group of complexity.

Consider an example of labor rationing for designers of a machine-building enterprise.

Example 2

All products developed by designers are divided by expert into four groups:

simple products;
products of medium complexity;
complex product;
product upgrade.

Regardless of the complexity, the development of each product consists of a number of successive stages:

For each group of products for each stage, on the basis of the time actually spent, the time norm is determined (Table 1).

Table 1

Table of preliminary production rate for the development of a new product, h

No. p / p	Stages of design development of products	Simple product	Product of medium complexity	Complex product	Product upgrade
	Development of a draft model of the product
	Development of a 3D model and design documentation for prototype
	Supervising the creation of a prototype
	Correction of drawings and preparation of a complete set of design documentation
	Correction of design documentation based on the results of the pilot batch
	Drawing up and approval of the act of transfer to mass production

Based on this table, the load of each designer is calculated, the product release date is determined, and the need for design bureau employees is determined.

3. Management work, including the work of the heads of departments of the administrative apparatus

The most difficult standardized work. A method is used to determine the number of employees according to the norms of manageability and management functions.

Controllability rate is the number of people who are directly subordinate to the manager.

The optimal rate of controllability is 7 people. This is due to the feature random access memory of a person to store information about seven unrelated objects.

AT real life manageability can reach 40 people. It depends on the abilities, experience of the manager, the homogeneity of the tasks performed and many other factors, for example:

● type of activity of the organization;

● location of management objects (due to the geographical location of branches or departments of the organization, in some cases it is impossible to achieve optimal manageability indicators);

● qualifications of employees (the level of control over employees' activities depends on their skills and motivation);

● type organizational structure(hierarchical, matrix, design);

● level of task standardization;

● level of activity automation, etc.

It is important for the enterprise to determine the total number of employees for each function. It is calculated using the methods of correlation analysis, which takes into account the influence of the most significant factors on the labor intensity of work on this function.

The number of managers according to the functional responsibilities of implementing the main management functions can be calculated from the data in Table. 2.

table 2

Determining the number of managers

	Calculation formula for the number of employees of the management apparatus by management functions
	K y \u003d 23.6615 + 0.0011 × M p + 0.029 × K pr
	K st \u003d 0.05 × (K new + K otk)
Pre-production	K spp \u003d 1.85 + 0.0051 × K pr
	K otiz \u003d 11.2142 + 0.0031 × K ppp
	K op \u003d 12.0716 + 0.0286 × K pr + 0.523 × H sp
	K peo \u003d 5.015 + 0.0006 K ppp + 0.0006 × M p
	K boo = 3.9603 + 0.0013 × M + 0.0045 × K ppp
	K ok \u003d 2.2129 + 0.0012 × K ppp
Occupational Safety and Health	K otitb \u003d 1.1 + 0.0062 × M p
	K d \u003d 1.7883 + 0.0019 × K ppp + 0.0002 × D

Explanations for conditional abbreviations in Table. 2:

K y - the total number of managers of different levels;

M p - the number of jobs in the main production;

K pr - the number of workers in the main production;

K st - the number of employees of standardization and certification services;

K new - the number of employees involved in the development and implementation of new technologies and equipment;

To otk - the number of employees of the department technical control;

K cpp - the number of employees of the pre-production service;

To otiz - the number of employees of the wage department;

To ppp - the total number of industrial and production personnel;

K op - the number of employees of the department technical support production;

H cn - the number of independent structural divisions of the enterprise, units;

To peo - the number of employees of the planning and economic department;

K boo - the number of employees of the accounting and financial departments;

M - the number of names, sizes and article numbers of materials, semi-finished products, purchased products, units;

K ok - the number of employees of the training service;

To otitb - the number of employees of the department of labor protection and safety;

K d - the number of employees of the department of office work and economic services;

D - annual document flow, units.

The total number of independent structural units, their deputies and assistants, who are directly subordinate to the first head, is calculated by the formula:

H cn \u003d 7.78 + 0.00019 × K ppp.

Note!

These calculation methods were developed in the planned economy and used in large industrial enterprises. Therefore, in modern conditions they can only serve as a rough guide.

Example 3

According to the method presented above, we calculate the number of managerial personnel.

The initial data are presented in table. 3, the results of the calculation - in table. four.

Table 3

Determining the number of managers based on management functions

Indicators	Meaning
Number of jobs in the main production (M p)
Number of workers in the main production (K pr)
Number of employees involved in the development and implementation of new technologies and equipment (K new)
Number of employees of the technical control department (K otk)
Total number of industrial and production personnel (K ppp)
The number of independent structural divisions of the enterprise (N sp), units.
Number of names, sizes and article numbers of materials, semi-finished products, purchased products (M), units
Annual document flow (D), units

Table 4

Number calculation

Characteristic functional duties managers and their departments	population
General (line) management of the main production
Standardization and certification of products, technological processes and other elements of production
Pre-production
Organization of labor and wages
Operational management of the main production
Technical and economic planning
Accounting and financial activities
Recruitment and training
Occupational Safety and Health
General office work and economic management

conclusions

If we compare the results of calculations with the number at a real industrial enterprise, then with regard to labor protection, recruitment and training of personnel, preparation of production, we can see that the estimated number of personnel is very close to the real one.

With regard to accounting functions (PEO, accounting, O&M, office work), the calculated data are overestimated by 2-3 times. The work of these divisions is quite automated and does not require such a number of employees.

R. V. Kazantsev,
CFO "MC Teplodar"

Calculation of the number of construction personnel

The basis for calculating the composition of construction personnel is the general schedule of movement of workers. Total population personnel employed in construction per shift is determined by the formula:

Nmax - the maximum number of workers in the main and non-main production;

NITR - the number of engineers (engineering and technical workers);

NMOP - the number of MOP (junior service personnel);

NSERVICE - the number of employees.

The number of engineers, MOS and employees is determined in accordance with the ratios indicated below, depending on the categories of employees:

N - 100%; Nmax - 85%; NITP - 8%; NMOS - 5%; NSERVICE - 2%.

The total number of personnel employed in the construction shift:

N= 72+ 7+ 4+ 2= 85 people

Determination of need and selection of types of inventory buildings

Temporary buildings and structures are placed in areas that are not subject to development by the main facilities, in compliance with fire safety rules and safety regulations, outside the dangerous zones of operation of mechanisms. The office of the foreman or foreman should be located closer to the object under construction, and the household premises near the entrance to the construction site. The room for heating workers should be located at a distance of no more than 150 m from the workplace. Food points should be located at least 25 m and not more than 600 m from workplaces from toilets and garbage bins, a first-aid post should be located in the same block in the same block with amenity premises and no further than 800 m from workplaces. The distance from toilets to the most remote places inside the building should not exceed 100 m, to workplaces outside the building - 200 m. construction site there should be a place for workers to rest and smoke, and there should also be shields with fire fighting equipment.

The distributing network of temporary water and power supply is designed after all their consumers are placed on the building plan. The fire (permanent) water supply network must be looped, and fire hydrants are located on it no further than 100 m from one another. The distance from the hydrants to the building should be at least 5 m and not more than 50 m, and from the edge of the road - no more than 2 m. Temporary transformer substations should be located in the center of electrical loads and no further than 250 m from the consumer. To illuminate the premises and the construction site, a temporary electrical network independent of the power supply should be provided.

When designing a construction plan, it is necessary to provide for measures to protect environment: preservation of the soil layer, compliance with the requirements for dust and gas contamination of the air, cleaning of domestic and industrial wastewater, and others.

Modern requirements for the development of a construction plan prescribe: to equip exits from construction sites with points for cleaning or washing vehicle wheels; to close the facades of buildings and structures overlooking the streets, highways and squares with a hinged decorative mesh fence; free the construction site from foreign buildings, structures and structures (in accordance with the construction organization project).

The basis for choosing the nomenclature and calculating the need for space inventory of administrative and domestic temporary buildings are the duration of the construction of this facility and the number of construction personnel.

Number calculation for:

foreman's choice:

people = 6 people;

sanitary facilities:

dressing room:

The volume of inventory buildings should be minimal, but providing normal production and living conditions for workers and rational organization of the construction site. The results of the calculation of inventory buildings are given in table. 6.

Table 6 Calculation of inventory buildings

Based on the established need for space, the type of inventory buildings is selected. Their construction should be carried out according to standard projects.

Table 7 Explication of inventory buildings

Name of inventory buildings	Estimated area, m2	Plan dimensions, m	Number of buildings	Accepted area, m2	Constructive characteristic	Used sample project
Prorabskaya					container	UTS 420-04-10 SPD
checkpoint					mobile	Orgtechstroy of the Ministry of Construction Lit. SSR
Wardrobe					container	Trest Leningradorgstroy
					container
Heating and drying room					container
Canteen					mobile	Trest Leningradorgstroy
Honey. paragraph					container	Trest Leningradorgstroy

5.1. The total estimated number of construction personnel per shift.

The basis for determining the number of workers on a construction site is maximum amount workers of the main production, employed in one shift. It is determined according to the schedule of the movement of workers, built under the calendar plan for the production of work on the facility.

N max base = 43 people per shift

The number of workers in non-core production is assumed to be 20% of the number of workers hired according to the schedule. The data are summarized and the result obtained is used in further calculations.

N unbasic \u003d 0.2 * 43 \u003d 8.6 \u003d 9 people.

N itr - the number of engineering and technical workers (ITR) in one shift is taken in the amount of 6-8%, N mop - junior service personnel (MOP) - 4%, N uch - the number of students and trainees - 5% of the total number of workers of the main and secondary production.

N itr \u003d (43 + 9) * 0.08 \u003d 4.16 \u003d 5 people.

N mop \u003d (43 + 9) * 0.04 \u003d 3 people.

N account \u003d (43 + 9) * 0.05 \u003d 2.6 \u003d 3 people.

N \u003d 1.06 * (N max main + N non-basic + N itr + N mop + N uch) \u003d 1.06 * (43 + 9 + 5 + 3 + + 3) \u003d 77.38 \u003d 78

The total estimated number of workers employed at the construction site per shift is determined as the sum of all categories of workers with coefficients of 1.06 (of which 4% are workers on vacation, 2% are absenteeism due to illness).

5.2. Determination of the composition and area of temporary buildings and structures.

The composition and areas of temporary buildings and structures are determined at the time of the maximum turnaround of work at the construction site according to the estimated number of workers employed in one shift.

The type of temporary structure is accepted taking into account the period of its stay at the construction site: during construction lasting up to six months, mobile temporary structures are used. The results of calculating the need for temporary mobile buildings are given in Table. four.

At a construction site with less than 80 people working in the most numerous shift, there must be at least the following sanitary facilities: dressing rooms with washbasins; showers, medical center, for drying and dedusting clothes; for heating, rest and eating; foreman; toilet; women's personal hygiene.

Name of buildings and structures	Estimated number	Norm for 1 person	Estimated space requirement, m2	Accepted area, m2
Total	% concurrent users	number of concurrent users	units rev.	Quantity
checkpoint	-	-	-	m 2
Office of the great-slave				m 2	3-5
Room for heating				m 2	0,6	46,8	46,8
Dining room				m 2 / person	0,6	16,8	16,8
Pantry	-	-	-	m 2
Room for drying and dedusting clothes				m 2	0,2	7,8
Honey. paragraph				m 2	0,6	8,25
Pom. Women's personal hygiene				m 2	0,5
Dressing rooms				m 2	0,5	12,5
showers				m 2	0,43	10,32
Toilet				m 2	-

5.3. Calculation of water demand for construction needs.

Temporary water supply at the construction site is intended to meet industrial, household needs and fire fighting. The required water flow (l / s) is determined by the formula:

Q \u003d P well +0.5 (R b + R pr),

where R b, R pr, R pzh - water consumption, respectively, for domestic, industrial needs and for firefighting, l / s. Water consumption for domestic needs is made up of:

R 1 b - water consumption for washing, eating and other household needs;

R 2 b - water consumption for taking a shower. Water consumption for domestic needs is determined by the formulas:

R 1 b \u003d N * b * K 1 / 8 * 3600, R 2 b \u003d N * a * K 2 / t * 3600,

where N is the estimated number of personnel per shift;

b - the rate of water consumption per 1 person per shift (in the absence of sewerage, 10-15 liters are taken, in the presence of sewerage, 20-25 liters);

a - water consumption rate per person using a shower (in the absence of sewerage - 30 - 40 l, in the presence of sewerage - 80 l);

K 1 - coefficient of uneven water consumption (taken in the amount of 1.2-1.3);

K 2 - coefficient taking into account the number of washers - from the largest number of workers per shift (taken in the amount of 0.3 - 0.4);

8 - the number of hours of work per shift;

t is the operating time of the shower installation in hours (assume 0.75 h).

P 1 b \u003d 78 * 20 * 1.2 / 8 * 3600 \u003d 0.029 l / s;

P 2 b \u003d 78 * 80 * 0.3 / 0.75 * 3600 \u003d 0.31 l / s;

R b \u003d R 1 b + R 2 b \u003d 0.029 + 0.31 \u003d 0.339 l / s.

Water consumption for production needs is determined by the formula:

R pr \u003d 1.2 * K 3 ∑q / n * 3600

where 1.2 is the coefficient for unaccounted for water costs;

Kz - coefficient of non-uniformity of water consumption (assumed to be 1.3-1.5);

n is the number of hours of work per shift;

q - total water consumption per shift in liters for all production needs that do not coincide with the time of work (according to the work schedule).

R pr \u003d 1.2 * 1.3 * 800000 / 8 * 3600 \u003d 43.3

Water consumption for fire extinguishing is determined depending on the area of the site, taken according to the construction plan, equal to 10 l / s.

Required water flow

Q= 10+0.5(0.339+43.3)=31.81 l/s

Based on the calculations, the diameter of the pipeline is determined by the formula:

D=(4*Q*1000/πv) 1/2

where Q is the total water consumption for domestic, industrial and fire-fighting needs, l / s;

v is the speed of water movement through the pipeline, m/s (we take v=2 m/s).

D \u003d (4 * 31.81 * 1000 / 3.14 * 2) 1/2 \u003d 142.34 mm.

Estimated diameter of the pipeline is 142.34 mm. The diameter of the water supply network is assumed to be 150 mm. (V=1.39; 1000i=23.3)

5.4. Calculation of the required electricity and selection of the required power of transformers.

Electricity in construction is spent on power consumers, technological processes, internal lighting of temporary buildings, outdoor lighting of work sites, warehouses, access roads and the construction site. The calculation of the need for electrical energy is given in Table. 5.

Table 5:

The required electricity and power of the transformer are calculated by the formula:

P trans \u003d a * (K 1 ∑ P with / cosφ 1 + K 2 * ∑ P mech / cos φ 2 + K 3 * ∑ R v.o. + K 4 * ∑ R n. o.)

where a is a coefficient that takes into account losses in the network; depending on the

network length, a=1. 05-1.1;

∑P s - the sum of the rated powers of all power plants, kW;

∑P mech - the sum of the rated powers of the devices involved in the technological processes, kW;

∑P v.o. -general power lighting fixtures internal lighting, kW;

∑Р but - the total power of outdoor lighting fixtures, kW;

cosφ 1 , cosφ 2 - respectively, power factors depending on the load, power and technological needs; accepted respectively: 0.6 and 0.75;

K 1, K 2, Kz, K 4 - respectively, the survey coefficients, taking into account

mismatch of loads of consumers and accepted: K 1 =0.5, K 2 =0.7, Kz=0.8, K 4 =1.0.

P trans \u003d 1.1 * (0.5 * 72 / 0.6 + 0, 7 * 70 / 0.75 + 0, 8 * 0.9 + 1.0 * 4) \u003d 1 43 kW

In accordance with the obtained power value, we select a transformer. We choose a complete mobile transformer substation KTPP-58-320

5.5. Calculation of the need for compressed air.

Compressed air at the construction site is necessary to ensure the operation of devices (including jackhammers, perforators, pneumatic rammers, hand-held pneumatic tools for cleaning the surface from dust, etc.)

Compressed air sources are stationary compressor stations, and most often mobile ones. compressor units. The calculation of the need for compressed air is made from the operating conditions of the minimum number of devices connected to one compressor. The power of the required compressor unit is calculated by the formula:

where 1.3 - coefficient taking into account network losses;

∑q- total air consumption by devices, m3/min;

K - the coefficient of simultaneity of the operation of the devices, taken during the operation of 6 devices - 0.8.

Q \u003d 1.3 * 0.8 * 12.4 \u003d 12.9 m 3 / min

The capacity of the receiver is determined by the formula:

V \u003d K √ Q \u003d 0.4 * √ 2.9 \u003d 1.44 m 3

where K is a coefficient depending on the compressor power and taken for mobile compressors - 0.4;

Q - power of the compressor unit, m 3 / min. We accept PKS-5 compressor units (selection according to the reference book), in the amount of 3 pieces. The diameter of the distributing pipeline is determined by the formula:

D = 3.18√Q=3.18*√12.9=11.4mm

where Q - estimated flow air, m 3 / min.

The resulting value is rounded to the nearest standard diameter, and 15 mm is selected.

5.6. Determining the need for oxygen.

4400 m 3 - for the oxygen demand of housing and communal services. In one cylinder (40 l.) - 6.0 m 3 oxygen. 734 cylinders are needed.

8.7 Calculation of heat demand.

At construction sites, heat is consumed for heating buildings and greenhouses, for technological needs (for example, steaming reinforced concrete structures in winter, steam heating frozen soils, etc.)

Heat consumption for heating temporary buildings

Q \u003d qV (t in -t n) * a,

Q 1 \u003d 0.45 * 13827.04 * (22-(-9)) * 0.9 \u003d 173.598 * 10 3 kJ

Q 2 \u003d 0.8 * 549 * (22-(-9)) * 0.9 \u003d 51.46 * 10 3 kJ.

where q is the specific thermal characteristic of the building; kcal / m 3. .h.grad.

for temporary buildings it is taken equal to 0.8 kcal / m 3 .h.g.;

for capital residential and public buildings taken equal to 0.45 kcal / m 3 .h.grad.;

a- coefficient taking into account the influence of the calculated outdoor temperature on q (1.45-0.9)

V- volume of the building in terms of external volume, m 3

t in - calculated internal temperature

t n - calculated outdoor temperature

Heat consumption for technological purposes is determined each time by special calculations, based on the given volumes of work, the period of work, the accepted modes or according to specific consumption heat per unit volume or product according to the available reference data.

The total amount of heat is determined by summing up the heat costs for individual needs, taking into account the inevitable heat losses in the network in kcal and converted to kJ (1kcal-4.2kJ):

Q total \u003d (Q 1 + Q 2) * K 1 * K 2,

Q total \u003d (173.598 * 10 3 + 51.46 * 10 3) * 1.5 * 1.1 \u003d 371.346 * 10 3 kJ.

Where Q 1 is the amount of heat for heating buildings and greenhouses, kcal / h.

Q 1 - the same, for technical needs;

K 1 - coefficient taking into account heat losses in the network (approximately, you can take K = 1.15);

K 2 - coefficient providing for an addition to unaccounted for heat costs, taken as K = 1.10.

8.8 Calculation of the need for storage space.

A set of issues related to the organization of warehouse management includes the determination of stocks of materials and the calculation of the area of warehouses.

Stocks of materials

Where Q is the amount of material required to perform this type of work;

T is the estimated duration of the work, days;

n - material stock rate (when transporting material by road, it is taken equal to 2-5 days);

K - coefficient taking into account uneven supply, taken equal to 1.2.

P 1 \u003d (1597.1 / 64) * 3 * 1.2 \u003d 89

The required warehouse area is determined based on the expression:

S=(P/r*KII)*n*K,

Where P is the amount of material to be stored;

r is the rate of storage of material per 1 m 2 of area;

K II - coefficient taking into account passes.

S \u003d (27 / 6 * 0.5) * 3 * 1.2 \u003d 32.4 m 2

Name of materials	Unit Change	Need	Storage rate per 1m 2	Coef teaches.	Warehouses
general	we store	View	Square
Small prefabricated reinforced concrete elements	m 3			0,4	0,5	open	32,4
bricks	m 3			0,7	0,5	open	37,6
Steel pipes	t		433,5	0,5-0,8	0,6	open
fittings	t			1,6-1,8	0,6	canopy
Ruberoid 1 roll-20m 2 Weight 24 kg.	rub.			15-22	0,5		7,2
gravel, crushed stone	m 3		929,5	3-4	0,7	open	10,28
Slag, sand	m 3		643,5	3-4	0,7	open	10,28

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