Field plan. Field development technical project. A) requirements for a master plan

15.11.2019

Introduction

1.4 Stock information

1.5.1 Subsoil protection

Section 2 Mining

2.4.1 Stripping

2.4.2 Mining operations

2.4.3 Dumping

2.5 Auxiliary quarry farm

2.5.1 Drainage and drainage

2.5.2 Repair and maintenance of quarry roads

2.5.3 Repair service

2.5.4 Industrial premises

Section 3. Mining Schedules

3.1 Mode of operation and productivity of the quarry

3.2 Calendar plan mining operations

3.3 Reserve preparation and depletion plan

3.4 Stripping schedule

3.5 Dumping

3.6 Performance of the main mining equipment

Section 4. Drilling and blasting

Section 5. Mining and technical reclamation

Section 6. Power supply

Section 7. Quarry transport

7.1 General information and initial data

7.2 Calculation of the performance of vehicles and the need for it

7.3 Quarry roads

Section 8. Mining technical reclamation

Section 9 Repair Service

Section 10. Calculation of the mineral extraction tax

Section 10. Measures for labor protection, safety and industrial sanitation

Section 12. Production control for compliance with industrial safety requirements at the enterprise

List of drawings of the main set

No. p / p Name Sheet No. 1. Position of mine workings as of 01.11.07, M1: 200012. Overburden and dumping schedule, M1: 2000. 23. Mining schedule, M1: 200034. Engineering-geological section along the I-I line, M in 1:500, M in 1: 100045. Consolidated mining plan, M1: 200056. Plan of engineering structures, M1: 2000 67. Longitudinal profile of the road, M G 1: 2000, M in 1: 50078. Schematic single-line diagram of the power supply of a quarry89. Passport for the production of mining operations in the mountains. +33 m by excavator E-2503910. Passport for the production of mining operations in the mountains. +29 m by excavator E-25031011. Passport for the production of stripping works by excavator E-25031112. Passport for the production of overburden operations by a bulldozer DZ-171.1-05 1213. Passport for the operation of a bulldozer DZ-171.1-05 on a dump of overburden. 1314. Passport for the production of dumping operations with a bulldozer DZ-171.1-0514

Introduction

Plan pilot development for 2008 for the extraction of limestones of the Chapaevskoye deposit (the "unfinished" southern part of the Southern section), for RosShchebStroy LLC, drawn up on the basis of agreement No. 328/07 and terms of reference approved by the Department for Technological and Environmental Supervision of Rostekhnadzor for the Saratov Region.

LLC "RosShchebStroy" is developing the unfinished part of the Southern section of the Chapaevsky limestone deposit, located in the Ershovsky district of the Saratov region.

On the north side there is a quarry of the Chapaevsky crushed stone plant (Alliance-Nedra LLC). On the north-western side there are areas worked out and partially reclaimed by JSC "Ershovsky stone quarry" (at the moment - LLC "SPK "Stroydetal").

License for the right to use subsoil SRT-90101-TE dated 04.10.2007, valid until 05.10.2015.

Based on the recalculation of the balance reserves of the Southern section of the Chapaevskoye deposit of carbonate rocks, performed by Nerudproekt LLC in 2007, by the protocol of the TEKZ of the protection committee environment and Natural Resource Management of the Saratov Region No. 27 dated September 25, 2007 approved "undeveloped" reserves in the southern part of the Southern section, in the amount of 828.0 thousand cubic meters. m, categories A, B, C1

The subsoil plot has the status of a mining allotment.

Right to Use land plot received from the administration of the Ershovsky municipal district of the Saratov region, letter No. 1429 dated 08/08/2007

The working project for the development of the field is under development.

deposit mining rock

The E-2503 excavator (straight shovel) is involved in mining operations. At overburden works - bulldozer DZ-171.1 - 05

For the transportation of rock mass, overburden, DSZ waste - dump trucks KrAZ-256.

Planned losses in 2008 - 0.8% (0.96 thousand m 3).

Productivity, according to the terms of reference, 120 thousand m 3in a dense body without taking into account losses, 120.96 thousand m 3taking into account losses.

Reclamation works are not planned for 2008.

Section 1. Geological and industrial characteristics of the deposit

1.1 Geological characteristics of the area

The deposit area is a wide, slightly hilly plain that forms a vast watershed between the basins of the Bolshoi Irgiz and Bolshoi Uzen rivers. The general slope of the terrain is to the northwest.

The hydrographic network is represented by the Big Irgiz rivers with tributaries and the Big Uzen and Small Uzen rivers. The river valleys in the area are well developed. In them, in addition to modern floodplain terraces, there are three - four above-floodplain terraces.

The climate of the region is sharply continental, with cold stable winters and hot summers. The mean annual temperature is 4 0FROM.

The amount of precipitation in warm period, averages 350 mm, and in cold weather - 102-122 mm, the depth of soil freezing is 0.5-1.5 m. East and southeast winds prevail.

The useful stratum at the work site is represented by carbonate rocks of the Orenburg stage of the Upper Carboniferous.

The bulk of the explored limestones are of a light gray variety.

Dark gray and gray limestones are of subordinate importance. Limestones are fissured, the most fissured are the upper layers of limestones up to a depth of 5 m.

At a depth of 5-10 meters, fracturing is much less pronounced. The fractures are mostly developed along the bedding. Vertical cracks are much less common. By appearance, as well as on the basis of physical and mechanical properties and chemical analyzes, the limestones of this deposit are divided into two packs.

The rocks of the upper first unit are represented by dolomitic limestones, finely crystalline, light gray and gray in color, in places with yellowish, bluish and violet hues. The thickness of the limestones of the first unit ranges from 5.35 m to 8.6 m, on average 6.97 m.

The second unit is separated from the first one by sandy-clayey material with limestone crushed stone. The rocks of the second unit are represented by limestones and weakly dolomitized light gray limestones. The thickness of limestones of the second unit ranges from 5.0 m to 11.65 m, 8.17 m on average.

In the thickness of limestones, karst manifestations are observed in the form of small cavities filled with blocks of leached limestones, crushed stone, fine-grained sands and calcareous-argillaceous mass.

Average geological section for the field (from top to bottom):

- soil-vegetative layer and brownish-yellow loam with a thickness of 1.2-1.5 m;

- dolomitic limestones of gray, light gray color, in places with yellowish, pink hues, 0.53-6.6 m thick;

- a layer of sandy-clay material with crushed limestone, 0.8-5.3 m thick;

- light gray limestone, rarely dark in color, slightly dolomitic, occasionally fissured, 0.65-11.35 m thick.

1.2 Hydrogeological conditions of the deposit

According to hydrogeological exploration data, two aquifers have been established at the field, which have a major impact on development. These aquifers are confined to the Neogene and Carboniferous deposits. In the Neogene deposits, groundwater is confined to sandy-argillaceous rocks and, due to the insignificant distribution of the latter in the area of the deposit, is not of significant importance during development.

An aquifer of great thickness is confined to the limestone thickness, the water of which circulates through cracks and karst cavities. The horizon is fed by infiltration of atmospheric precipitation and by the backwater of deep pressure waters. This aquifer is found almost everywhere, the horizon occurrence marks, depending on the terrain, range from 28.34 m to 29.34 m, averaging 28.5 m. For calculating reserves, a mark of +29.0 m was taken.

1.3 Qualitative characteristics of a mineral

Physical and mechanical tests carried out during production

exploration works, show a high qualitative characteristic limestones: they are suitable for use on crushed stone, rubble stone.

The main working properties that characterize limestone are mechanical strength, frost resistance, bulk density, porosity and water absorption. All these properties depend to a certain extent on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the rock, on its structure, fracturing, and also on the degree of rock weathering.

According to the results of laboratory tests, the main mass of limestone meets the requirements of GOST 8287-93 in terms of strength.

Deposits of the Upper Carboniferous are represented by heavily dolomitized limestones of light gray, yellow-gray, grayish-yellow color, dense, medium strength and strong, weakly fractured, in areas along the cracks - slightly ferruginated.

These deposits make up the useful thickness of the deposit.

According to exploration data, the productive stratum of the entire explored area is characterized by the following qualities of limestone: limestone with a strength of more than 1000 kg/cm 2, alternate with limestones with a strength of 331-800 kg / cm 2.

In the lower part of the productive stratum (in the range of elevations of 30.5-33.5 m), limestones of grade "800" and higher are traced, suitable for concrete of grade "500".

Limestone reserves are approved for the production of crushed stone as a filler in ordinary and heavy concrete of a grade not lower than "200", and for the production of a ballast layer for railways and highways.

Table 1. Chemical composition carbonate rocks.

No. p / p Name Contents 1. CaO from 29.56 to 48.98%2. МgО from 14.92 to 21.57%3. CaCO 3from 53.05 to 87.41% 4. MgCO 3from 10.51 to 45.81% 5.SiO 2+AL 2O 3from 0.3 to 4.88%

Table 2. Physical and mechanical parameters.

No. p / p Name Contents 1. Frost resistanceMRZ 502. Volumetric weight of the rock mass in a dense body 2.45 t/m 33. Water absorption4.3-9.5%4. Porosity 3.0-18.7%5. Loosening factor 1.456. Category of breeds VIII7. Volumetric weight of crushed stone1.32 t/m 38. Strength 200-2750kg/cm 39. Crushability of crushed stone "DR-16" 10. The yield of crushed stone from the rock mass is 0.711. The content of lamellar, acicular grains,% 11-19

1.3.1 Radiation hygiene assessment

According to the well logging results, the radioactivity of the sands does not exceed 14 μR/h, which allows us to attribute the raw material to the 1st class of building materials according to NBR-76, which can be used without restrictions.

1.4 Stock information

In 2007, LLC "Nerudproekt" performed a recalculation of the reserves of the Southern block of the Chapaevskoye field for blocks A-1, B-2. FROM 1-3 in the licensed areas of enterprises - subsoil users, as well as in the areas of "undistributed" (north-eastern part) and "undeveloped (southern part) reserves.

The Protocol of the TEKZ of the Committee for Environmental Protection and Nature Management of the Saratov Region No. 27 dated September 25, 2007 approved "unfinished" reserves in the southern part of the Southern block, in the amount 828.0 thousand m3 , by categories "A + B + C1", including by categories: " A" - 158.5 thousand m3 , "B" - 87.0 thousand m3 , "FROM1 "- 582.5 thousand m3 .

According to Appendix 1 to the license of the SRT series No. 90101 TE, "Unfinished reserves in the southern part of the site in categories A + B + C" are put on the balance sheet of RosShchebStroy LLC 1in the amount of 828 thousand m3 , including by category: " A" - 158.5 thousand m3 , "B" - 87.0 thousand m3 , "FROM1 "- 582.5 thousand m3 .

1.4.1 Industrial reserves and losses of minerals in 2008

In 2008, it is planned to produce limestone in the amount of 120.0 thousand m 3.

Class I losses - general career losses, none.

Class II losses - operational losses:

group 1- there are no losses in the massif (in the sides, in the sole, in places of wedging out and complex configuration of the deposit).

group 2- losses separated from the array of minerals (when excavated together with host rocks, during transportation, during drilling and blasting):

-during transportation - 0.3% (ONTP 18-85, table 2.13):

Vtr. = 120.0 * 0.003 = 0.36 thousand m 3

-during drilling and blasting 0.5% (ONTP 18-85, table 2.13):

Vbvr \u003d 120.0 * 0.005 \u003d 0.6 thousand m 3

Total career losses in 2008 will be:

V common \u003d 0.6 + 0.36 \u003d 0.96 thousand m 3 (0,8 %).

Balance reserves to be redeemed will be:

thousand m 3+0.96 thousand m 3=120.96 thousand m 3

Indicators of completeness of extraction and losses of mineral raw materials in 2008

Table 3

IndicatorsPlannedBalance reserves to be redeemed, thousand m 3120,96Losses, total % 0.8Recovery of reserves from the subsoil, %99.2Recovery (production), thousand m 3120General losses of mineral raw materials, Total (thousand m 3): 0,96including by groups: General career losses class 1-Operational losses class 2, TOTAL, (thousand m 3) of which: 0.96 1) losses in the array (total) - - in the sides; 2) losses of minerals separated from the array (total): - during excavation with overburden - - during transportation, in places of loading and unloading 0.36 - during blasting 0.6

1.5 Protection of the subsoil and the natural environment from the harmful effects of mining

1.5.1 Subsoil protection

When developing a quarry, it is necessary to be guided by a license for the right to use subsoil, geological documentation, a protocol for approving reserves in the TEKZ (TKZ), a project for the development and reclamation of the deposit, as well as the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

Ø Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil" as amended and supplemented No. 27-FZ of 03.03.95, No. 20-FZ of 02.01.2000, No. 52-FZ of 14.05.01, No. 49-FZ of 15.04. 06, No. 173-FZ of 10/25/06;

Ø "Rules for the protection of subsoil" (PB 07-601-03), approved. Resolution of Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia No. 71 dated 06/06/2003;

Ø Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities" No. 116-FZ of July 21, 1999, with additions and amendments No. 45-FZ of May 9, 2005;

Ø "Industry instructions for determining and accounting for losses of non-metallic building materials during mining", VNIINErud, 1974;

Ø "Instructions for mine surveying accounting of the volume of mining operations in the extraction of minerals by an open method", approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia dated 06.06.2003 No. 74.

When developing a deposit, the subsoil user is obliged to ensure:

compliance with the requirements of the law, as well as duly approved standards (norms, rules) on the technology of conducting work related to the use of subsoil, and when primary processing mineral raw materials;

-compliance technical projects, plans and schemes for the development of mining operations, the prevention of excess losses, impoverishment and selective mining of minerals;

-maintenance of geological, mine surveying and other documentation in the process of all types of subsoil use and its safety;

-submission of geological information to the Federal and relevant territorial funds of geological information;

-bringing plots of land and other natural objects disturbed during the use of subsoil to a condition suitable for their further use;

-carrying out advanced geological study of the subsoil, providing a reliable assessment of mineral reserves or properties of the subsoil plot provided for use;

-ensuring the most complete extraction from the subsoil of the reserves of the main and, together with them, occurring minerals;

-reliable accounting of the reserves of the main and, together with them, occurring minerals that are extracted and left in the bowels;

-protection of mineral deposits from flooding;

-flooding, fires and other factors that reduce the quality of minerals and the industrial value of deposits or complicate their development;

-prevention of unauthorized development of mineral deposits and compliance with the established procedure for using these areas for other purposes;

-prevention of accumulation of industrial and household waste in the field development area.

In 2008, measures to protect the subsoil provide for strict observance by the mine surveying service and technical supervision of the open pit of the parameters of the system and technology of deposit development, the implementation of measures to protect the environment from the harmful effects of mining.

To protect the atmospheric basin, during the dry season, irrigate open-pit roads.

Prohibit the discharge of used oils in the territory of the quarry, prevent garbage dumps in the territory of the mining and land allotment of the enterprise.

After the reclamation of the areas (filling of the fertile layer), the restored areas are sown with grasses and handed over according to the act in the prescribed manner.

1.5.2 Environmental protection

The earth, the bowels of the earth, water, flora and fauna, as elements of the natural environment, are the property of the whole people.

All enterprises, organizations and institutions are obliged to strictly observe the rules of nature protection, prevent pollution or destruction of elements of the natural environment, introduce into production more modern technologies, machines, materials, the use of which reduces pollution, noise, vibration, etc.

In case of violation of the requirements of environmental legislation, the persons guilty of the damage caused bear administrative, material and criminal liability.

Damage caused to nature is compensated by organizations or separately by citizens.

Officials are subject to a fine imposed administratively for damage to agricultural and other lands, pollution with industrial waste, mismanagement of land, failure to comply with mandatory measures to improve land and protect soil from wind, water erosion and other processes that worsen the condition soils, untimely return of occupied lands and other violations.

Reduction of environmental pollution by dust during loading and unloading operations should be carried out by reducing the height of loading and unloading, the use of irrigation.

When carrying out overburden and mining operations on the roads, dedusting should be carried out (using a watering machine).

Overburden rocks must be located in the areas provided for by the development project (separately - PRS and other rocks).

To prevent water and wind erosion, the surface of long-term overburden dumps should be sown with grasses. During the operation of mechanisms and vehicles, pollution levels should not exceed the established maximum permissible concentrations harmful substances for air, water, soil, as well as sanitary standards and safety requirements in the production of work.

Minimal pollution of the atmosphere with exhaust gases is achieved due to the timely adjustment of the fuel supply and injection system (at least once a quarter).

When operating mechanisms, it is necessary to monitor compliance with the permissible noise level.

Refueling of vehicles, tractors with fuel and oils should be carried out at stationary filling stations. Refueling of machines with limited mobility (excavators, etc.) is carried out by tankers. Filling in all cases must be carried out only with the help of hoses with locks at the outlet. Application for filling buckets, etc. open dishes not allowed. The collection of used and replaced oils should be organized at the quarry. Draining onto the soil cover or the bottom of the quarry is prohibited.

At the quarry, the established MPE must be observed, taking into account the maximum permissible concentrations (MAC).

MPE measurements should be made twice a year.

1.6. Geological Surveying Service

In accordance with Article 24 of the Law Russian Federation"On Subsoil" one of the main requirements for ensuring the safe conduct of work related to the use of subsoil is to conduct a complex of geological, mine surveying and other observations sufficient to ensure a normal technological cycle of work and predict hazardous situations, timely identification and drawing on mining plans of hazardous zones. In accordance with Article 22 of the said Law, the subsoil user is obliged to ensure the maintenance of geological, mine surveying and other documentation in the process of all types of subsoil use and its safety.

In accordance with paragraph 40 of article 17 federal law No. 128-FZ of August 8, 2001 "On licensing certain types activities" mining work is carried out on the basis of a license. Licensing is carried out by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (hereinafter Rostekhnadzor) in accordance with the "Regulations on Federal Service on Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision" (clause 5.3.2.15 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 2004 No. 401)

Mine surveying maintenance of a quarry is carried out in accordance with the "Regulations on geological and mine surveying ensuring industrial safety and protection of subsoil" RD-07-408-01, approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia No. 18 of 05/22/2001; Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil" No. 27-FZ dated 03.03.1995; "On the introduction of amendments and additions to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil" with amendments and additions dated 02.01.2000 No. 20-FZ, dated 10.25.2006 No. 173-FZ; Federal Law dated 02.07.1997 No. 116 - Federal Law "On the industrial safety of HIFs" with amendments and additions No. 122-FZ dated 08.22.2004, No. 45-FZ dated 05.09.2005; .2003, "Instructions for mine surveying accounting of the volumes of mining operations in the extraction of minerals in an open way", approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia No. 74 dated 06.06.2003

1.The activity of the surveying service is determined by the regulation on the surveying service, approved and agreed upon by the organization in the prescribed manner.

The mine surveying service carries out:

production of surveys of mine workings and the earth's surface;

preparation and completion of mine surveying documentation;

accounting and justification of volumes mining;

transfer to nature of geometric elements of mine workings projects, construction of buildings and structures, safe mining boundaries, barrier and safety pillars, mining allotment boundaries;

periodic monitoring of compliance with the established ratios of the geometric elements of buildings, structures and mine workings during development;

organizing and conducting instrumental observations of the stability of ledges, quarry walls and dumps;

control over the fulfillment at the quarry of the requirements contained in the projects and plans for the development of mining operations for the rational use and protection of subsoil, over the timeliness and effectiveness of the implementation of measures that provide measures for the protection of mining, buildings, structures and natural objects from the impact of work related to the use of subsoil, safety for the life and health of workers and the public;

acceptance of mine surveying and topographic and geodetic works performed by contractors, a technical report on the work performed and materials (original plans, measurement logs, calculation sheets, catalogs of coordinates and heights).

When using the subsoil, a book of surveying instructions is kept, in which the employees of the surveying service record the identified deviations from project documentation mining operations and the necessary warnings on matters within their competence.

In order to ensure the protection of subsoil and the safety of work related to the use of subsoil, surveying instructions are executed officials to which they are addressed.

Surveying works are carried out in compliance with the established requirements for the safe production of mining operations.

In the course of mine surveying, the completeness and accuracy of measurements and calculations is ensured, sufficient for the rational use and protection of subsoil, safe mining operations.

The maintenance of mining graphic documentation, both for the objects of surveying the earth's surface, and for mine workings within a separate deposit is carried out in a single system of coordinates and heights.

A certain list of surveying works is carried out according to separate agreement, a specialized enterprise LLC "Nerudproekt", operating on the basis of a license for the production of mine surveying works No. 58-PM-000248 (O) dated 03.27.03.

The scope of work includes:

development of the existing mine surveying network (if necessary) and the creation of the required number of fairly accurately defined points of the survey justification of the quarry, the points of the mine surveying reference network are fixed with special benchmarks (centers);

determination of points in the survey networks relative to the nearest points of the surveying reference network is carried out with an error not exceeding 0.4 mm on the plan in the accepted survey scale and 0.2 m in height;

the filming network at the quarry is fixed by long-term preservation centers and temporary use centers;

the planned position of the points of the survey network of the quarry is determined by geodetic serifs, the laying of theodolite passages, the joint laying of passages and the polar method, using the surveying reference network as the starting points, the heights of the points are determined by technical and trigonometric leveling.

When creating networks, LLC "Nerudproekt" uses an electronic total station Sokkia Set 600, which provides the required accuracy of measurements.

The processing of mine surveying measurements and the preparation of graphic documentation is carried out using computer technology.

All types of mine surveying work are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the "Instructions for the production of mine surveying work" RD 07-603-03 (section I, II, III and p. 385-416, 428-434).

1.7 Operational intelligence

Operational exploration is not planned for 2008.

Section 2 Mining

2.1 Main directions of development of mining operations in 2008

In 2008, it is planned to develop the southern part of the site along the boundary of reserves calculation.

The overburden thickness is 5 m on average.

The height of the mining bench does not exceed 12.0 m, the base elevation is +29.0 m (to the lower technical boundary of the field development, which is 1 m higher than the average groundwater level).

2.2 Opening and preparation for exploitation of new horizons

The deposit was discovered by a permanent internal entry trench. The development of useful strata is carried out by one production horizon.

The opening of new horizons in 2008 is not planned.

2.3 Development system and its parameters

The plan for the pilot development of the quarry adopted a continuous, transport system of development with a single-side front for overburden and mining operations, with internal dumping. This system provides the safest and most economical extraction of minerals. Mining extraction method is continuous.

The mineral is represented by limestone, the bulk density of which is 2.5 t/m 3. Rock hardness coefficient according to M.M. Protodyakonov - VI, fracture category - III.

According to the difficulty of development, limestones belong to the VI-VII group of rocks according to SNiP - 5-82. The coefficient of loosening is 1.5.

The small thickness of the deposit predetermined the choice technological scheme using the most maneuverable mining and transport equipment of cyclic action: an excavator - vehicles, both in overburden and mining operations.

Mineral development is carried out with direct loading by excavator E - 2503, with a bucket capacity of 2.5 m 3in KrAZ-256 dump trucks, after preliminary loosening of limestone by explosion.

Due to the low thickness of the soil-vegetable layer (SRS), the latter is developed by the DZ-171.01-05 bulldozer and assembled into shafts for further use in the restoration of disturbed lands.

The development of overburden rocks is carried out by an E-2503 excavator with loading into KrAZ-256 dump trucks and transportation to an internal dump located in the mined-out area of the quarry.

2.3.1 Development system elements

The development of limestone is carried out by a mining ledge, the height of which does not exceed the height of an excavator digging along the blasted massif (no more than 9.0 m), and the height of the mining ledge on the pillar does not exceed 12.0 m.

The width of the excavator entry is 10.8 m. The slope angle of the mining working ledge is accepted - 80 0, non-working - 75 0. The minimum length of the work front for one excavator is 130.0 m.

Width work site for an excavator is determined by calculation (Appendix No. 2, NTP, 77):

A. For loose and soft rocks with a ledge height of up to 8 m:

W R = A + P P +P about + P b + P about

where: A - the width of the excavator entry E - 2503 (A \u003d 1.5 R h.u.) , 10.8 m (Table 11.1);

P P - width of the roadway for KrAZ-256, 8.0 m (Table 11.2),

P about - shoulder width from the upland side, 1.5 m (Table 11.2);

P b - safety lane width, 1.1 m

P b = H * (ctg φ - ctg a) \u003d 12 * 0.0916 \u003d 1.1 m.

H - the height of the underlying mining ledge, 12 m;

φ , a - angles of stable and working slopes of the underlying ledge, 75 0, 800

P 0- the width of the curb on the lower side, taking into account the arrangement of the tray and the fence, 4.5 m (Table 11.2);

W R \u003d 10.8 + 8.0 + 1.5 + 1.1 + 4.5 \u003d 25.9 m we accept 26 m.

B. For rocks:

Shr \u003d B + Po + Pp + Po 1+ Pb

B - the width of the collapse of the exploded rock, m;

B=A 1+ M \u003d 11.1 + 20.76 \u003d 31.86 m

BUT 1= P b 1+ H (ctg α -ctg γ ) + in (n-1) = 3+12 (ctg 75 0-ctg 80 0) +3.5 (3-1) = 11.1 m

BUT 1- width of the drilling stop, 11.1 m; M - incomplete camber width, 20.76 m; Po - shoulder width from the upland side, 1.5 m; Pp - width of the carriageway, 8.0 m; By 1- shoulder width from the lower side, 4.5 m; Pb - width of the safety strip (collapse prism), 0.4 m at the height of the underlying mining bench H = 4 m

Shr \u003d 31.86 + 1.5 + 8 + 4.5 + 0.4 \u003d 46.26 m (take 47 m)

(Шр = 31.0 m - on the lower horizon)

The minimum width of the working platform for the bulldozer DZ-171.1-05 will be equal to:

W b = L + P b + P in +L cx = 4.12+4.0+2.0 +4.88=15 m

where: L - bulldozer length 4,12 m (passport);

L cx - free running length 4.88 m;

P b - safety lane width, 4.0 m

P b = H * (ctg φ - ctg a) = 8 * (ctg 40 - ctg 55) = 4.0 m

P in - safety shaft width, 2.0 m

Table 4

Development system settings.

Name of indicators rev. Ledges in overburden mining conventional loamy Ledge height 0.28.04 ÷ 12.0 Sole mark-45.029.0 - 33.0 Working platform width 9.026.031.0 - 47.0 Transport berm width 15.014.014.0 Safety berm width 1.51.10 - 0.4 Bench slope angle: deg. - working5580 - stable4075Width of entry for excavators-10.812.0Width of rock collapse after explosions--19.93 - 31.86Slope angle of dump ledge: deg. - working 4545- - stable 3838-Slope angle of the side of the quarry during the redemption of mining hail. --45

2.4 Technology and organization of mining operations

The existing technology and structure of the complex mechanization of the field development was adopted in accordance with the mining conditions of this field.

The scheme of transport communications was chosen taking into account the terrain, in accordance with the mining conditions at the quarry. The exits to the quarry are taken with oncoming traffic of loaded and empty vehicles.

2.4.1 Stripping

The overburden rocks at the deposit are represented by fine-grained clayey sands with interlayers of clays, fine-grained sands and sandy clays, deluvial loams.

Loams are covered with a soil-vegetative layer 0.2 m thick.

The overburden thickness in the developed area ranges from 2.5 to 8.0 m.

According to its physical and mechanical properties, soft overburden belongs to the 2nd category of rocks according to the difficulty of excavation (ENV-79) and to the 1-2nd group of rocks according to SNiP 1V-2-82.

The PRS is raked by a bulldozer DZ-171.1-05 into a shaft in the southern part of the site along the boundary of the reserve calculation.

Subsequently, the soil and vegetation layer will be used for reclamation work.

Sandy-argillaceous overburden is removed by an E-2503 excavator and loaded onto a KrAZ-256 truck with its placement in an internal dump. The average shift volume of excavation and loading operations on overburden is 274 m 3in the whole

The total volume of overburden in 2008 will amount to 82.3 thousand tons. m 3, including PRS - 3.3 thousand m 3.

The displaced overburden rocks on the dumps are planned by the bulldozer DZ-171.1-05.

The organization was founded in December 2005. The project operator is KarakudukMunay LLP. LUKOIL's partner in the project is Sinopec (50%). The development of the deposit is carried out in accordance with the subsoil use contract signed on 18.09.1995. The term of the contract is 25 years. The Karakuduk field is located in the Mangistau region, 360 km from the city of Aktau. Residual recoverable hydrocarbon reserves - 11 million tons. Production in 2011 - 1.4 million tons of oil (LUKOIL's share - 0.7 million tons) and 150 million cubic meters of gas (LUKOIL's share - 75 million cubic meters). Investments since the beginning of the project (since 2006) - more than 400 million dollars in the share of LUKOIL. Total population employees - about 500 people, of which citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan - 97%. LUKOIL plans to invest up to 0.1 billion dollars in the development of the project until 2020.

Proven oil and gas reserves (in the share of LUKOIL Overseas)
	million barrels
	bcm3
Oil and gas	million barrels n. e.
Commercial production for the year (in the share of LUKOIL Overseas)
	million barrels

Oil and gas	million barrels n. e.
Share of LUKOIL Overseas in the project*
Project participants
Project Operator	Karakudukmunai LLP
Operational stock of production wells
Average daily flow rate of 1 well
Average daily flow rate of 1 new well

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE DEPOSIT

Geographically, the Karakuduk deposit is located in the southwestern part of the Ustyurt plateau. Administratively it belongs to the Mangystau district of the Mangystau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The nearest settlement is the Sai-Utes railway station, located 60 km to the southeast. Beyneu station is located 160 km from the deposit. The distance to the regional center Aktau is 365 km.

Orographically, the study area is a desert plain. The absolute elevations of the relief surface range from +180 m to +200 m. The study area is characterized by a sharply continental climate with hot, dry summers and cold winters. The hottest month of summer is July, with a maximum temperature of up to +45 o C. In winter, the minimum temperature reaches -30-35 o C. The average annual rainfall is 100-170 mm. The area is characterized by strong winds turning into dust storms. In accordance with SNiP 2.01.07.85, the area of the deposit in terms of wind pressure belongs to the III area (up to 15 m/s). Summer is dominated by NW winds directions, in winter - N-E. The snow cover in the work area is uneven. The thickness in the most submerged low-lying areas reaches 1-5 m.

The flora and fauna of the region is poor and is represented by species typical of semi-desert zones. Rare herbaceous and shrubby vegetation is characteristic: camel thorn, wormwood, saltwort. Animal world represented by rodents, reptiles (turtles, lizards, snakes) and arachnids.

There are no natural water sources in the work area. At present, the sources of water supply for the field drinking water, for technical needs and fire fighting needs is the Volga water from the main water pipeline "Astrakhan-Mangyshlak", as well as special water intake wells up to 1100 m deep for Albsenomanian deposits.

The area of work is practically uninhabited. 30 km east of the Karakuduk field passes Railway Makat - Mangyshlak station, along which the operating oil and gas pipelines Uzen-Atyrau - Samara and "Central Asia - Center" are laid, as well as the high-voltage power line Beineu - Uzen. Communication between the fishery and settlements carried out by vehicles.

GEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEPOSIT

3.1. Characteristics of the geological structure

Lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the section

As a result of exploration and production drilling at the Karakuduk field, a stratum of Meso-Cenozoic deposits with a maximum thickness of 3662 m (well 20), ranging from Triassic to Neogene-Quaternary inclusive, was discovered.

Below is a description of the exposed section of the deposit.

Triassic system - T. The variegated terrigenous sequence of the Triassic age is represented by intercalation of sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and mudstone-like clays, colored in various shades of gray, brown to greenish-gray. The minimum thickness of the Triassic was recorded in well 145 (29 m) and the maximum in well 20 (242 m).

Jurassic system - J. With stratigraphic and angular unconformity, the underlying rocks of the Triassic are overlain by a sequence of Jurassic deposits.

The section of the Jura is presented in the volume of the lower, middle and upper sections.

Lower section - J 1. The Lower Jurassic section is lithologically complicated by intercalation of sandstones, siltstones, clays, and mudstones. The sandstone is light gray with a greenish tinge, fine-grained, poorly sorted, strongly cemented. Clays and siltstones are dark gray with a greenish tint. Argillites are dark gray with ORO inclusions. Regionally, the Yu-XIII horizon is confined to the Lower Jurassic deposits. The thickness of the Lower Jurassic deposits varies between 120-127m.

The middle section is J 2. The Middle Jurassic sequence is represented by all three stages: Bathonian, Bajocian, and Aalenian.

Aalenian Stage - J 2 a. The deposits of the Aalenian age overlie the underlying ones with stratigraphic and angular unconformity and are represented by alternating sandstones, clays, and less often siltstones. Sandstones and siltstones are colored in gray and light gray tones; clays are characterized by a darker color. Regionally, the Yu-XI and Yu-XII horizons are confined to this stratigraphic interval. The thickness is over 100m.

Bajocian Stage - J 2 c. Sandstones are gray and light gray, fine-grained, strongly cemented, non-calcareous, micaceous. Siltstones are light gray, fine-grained, micaceous, clayey, with inclusions of charred plant remains. Clays are dark gray, black, dense in places. The productive horizons Yu-VI-Yu-X are confined to deposits of this age. The thickness is about 462m.

Bathian Stage - J 2 vt. Lithologically, they are represented by sandstones, siltstones interbedded with clays. In the lower part of the section, the proportion of sandstones increases with thin layers of siltstones and clays. Productive horizons Yu-III- Yu-V are confined to the sediments of the Bathonian stage. The thickness varies from 114.8m to 160.7m.

Upper section - J 3 . The deposits of the Upper Jurassic conformably overlie the underlying ones and are represented by three stages: Callovian, Oxfordian, and Volgian. The lower boundary is drawn along the top of the clay pack, which is clearly visible in all wells.

Callovian stage - J 3 k. The Callovian stage is represented by intercalation of clays, sandstones and siltstones. According to lithological features, three packs are distinguished in the composition of the stage: the upper and middle ones are clayey with a thickness of 20-30m, and the lower one is an alternation of sandstone and siltstone layers with clay interlayers. The productive horizons Yu-I and Yu-II are confined to the lower unit of the Callovian stage. The thickness ranges from 103.2m to 156m.

Oxfordian-Volgian stage - J 3 ox-v. The deposits of the Oxfordian stage are represented by clays and marls with rare interlayers of sandstones and siltstones, while some differentiation is observed: the lower part is clayey, the upper part is marly.

The rocks are gray, light gray, sometimes dark gray, have a greenish tint.

The section of the Volgian time is a stratum of argillaceous limestones with interlayers of dolomites, marls and clays. Limestones are often fissured and porous, massive, sandy, clayey, with uneven fracture and matte sheen. The clays are silty, gray, calcareous, often with inclusions of faunal remains. Dolomites are gray, dark gray, cryptocrystalline, clayey in places, with uneven fracture and matte luster. The thickness of the rocks ranges from 179m to 231.3m.

Cretaceous system - K. Deposits of the Cretaceous system are presented in the volume of the lower and upper sections. The division of the section into tiers was made on the basis of logging data and comparison with neighboring areas.

The lower section is K 1. Lower Cretaceous deposits are composed of rocks of the Neocomian superstage, Aptian and Albian stages.

Neocomian superstage - K 1 ps. The underlying Volgian deposits conformably overlie the thickness of the Neocomian interval, which unites three stages: Valanginian, Hauterivian, Barremian.

The section is lithologically composed of sandstones, clays, limestones and dolomites. The sandstones are fine-grained, light gray, polymictic, with carbonate and clayey cement.

At the level of the Hauterivian interval, the section is mainly represented by clays, marls, and only at the top is a horizon of sands. The Barrem deposits are distinguished in the section by the variegated color of the rocks and are lithologically composed of clays with interbeds of sandstones and siltstones. Throughout the section of the Neocomian age, there are members of silty-sandy rocks. The thickness of the deposits of the Neocomian superstage ranges from 523.5 m to 577 m.

Aptian stage - K 1 a. Deposits of this age overlap the underlying ones with erosion, having a clear lithological boundary with them. In the lower part, the section is composed mainly of clayey rocks with rare interlayers of sands, sandstones, and siltstones, and in the upper part, there is a uniform alternation of clayey and sandy rocks. The thickness varies from 68.7 m to 129.5 m.

Albian Stage – K 1 al. The section consists of interbedded sands, sandstones, and clays. In terms of structural and textural features, the rocks do not differ from the underlying ones. The thickness varies from 558.5 m to 640 m.

Upper section - K 2. The upper section is represented by Cenomanian and Turonian-Senonian deposits.

Cenomanian Stage – K 2 s. Sediments of the Cenomanian stage are represented by clays alternating with siltstones and sandstones. In terms of lithological appearance and composition, the rocks of this age do not differ from the Albian deposits. The thickness ranges from 157m to 204m.

Turonian-Senonian undivided complex - K 2 t-cn. In the lower part of the described complex, the Turonian stage is distinguished, composed of clays, sandstones, limestones, chalk-like marls, which are a good benchmark.

Above the section, there are deposits of the Santonian, Campanian, Maastrichtian stages, united in the Senonian superstage, represented in lithological terms by a thick layer of interbedded marls, chalk, chalk-like limestones and carbonate clays.

The thickness of the deposits of the Turonian-Senonian complex varies from 342m to 369m.

Paleogene system - R. Paleogene deposits are represented by white limestones, greenish-marl strata and pink silty clays. The thickness varies from 498m to 533m.

Neogene-Quaternary systems - N-Q. Neogene-Quaternary deposits are composed mainly of carbonate-argillaceous rocks of light gray, green and brown color and limestones - shell rocks. The upper part of the section is filled with continental sediments and conglomerates. The thickness of the deposits varies from 38 m to 68 m.

3.2. Tectonics

According to tectonic zoning, the Karakuduk deposit is located within the Arystan tectonic stage, which is part of the North Ustyurt system of troughs and uplifts of the western part of the Turan Plate

Based on the materials of seismic surveys MOGT-3D (2007) conducted by OJSC Bashneftegeofizika, the Karakuduk structure along the reflecting horizon III represents a brachianticline fold of sublatitudinal strike with dimensions of 9x6.5 km along a closed isohypse minus 2195m, with an amplitude of 40m. The angles of incidence of the wings increase with depth: in the Turonet - fractions of a degree, in the Lower Cretaceous -1-2˚. The structure along reflector V is an anticline broken by numerous faults, possibly some of which are non-tectonic. All major faults described below are traced along this reflector. The N-striking fold consists of two arches, contoured by isohypse minus 3440 m, identified in the area of wells 260-283-266-172-163-262 and 216-218-215. According to the isohypse minus 3480m, the fold has dimensions of 7.4x4.9km and an amplitude of 40m.

The uplift on the structural maps along the Jurassic productive horizons has an almost isometric shape, complicated by a series of faults that divide the structure into several blocks. The most basic disturbance is the F 1 disturbance in the east, which is traced throughout the productive section, and divides the structure into two blocks: central (I) and eastern (II). Block II is lowered relative to block I with an increase in the displacement amplitude from south to north from 10 to 35 m. The fault F 1 is inclined and shifts from west to east with depth. This violation was confirmed by drilling well 191, where part of the Jurassic deposits of about 15 m at the level of the Yu-IVA productive horizon is absent.

The F 2 disturbance was carried out in the area of wells 143, 14 and cuts off the central block (I) from the southern block (III). The justification for carrying out this violation was not only the seismic basis, but also the results of well testing. For example, among the base wells, well 222 is located next to well 143, where oil was obtained during testing of the Yu-I horizon, and water was obtained in well 143.

Work description

When developing oil deposits are divided into four stages:

I - increasing oil production;

II- stabilization of oil production;

III- declining oil production;

IV - late stage of deposit exploitation.

At the first stage, the increase in oil production is mainly ensured by the introduction of new production wells into development under conditions of high reservoir pressures. Usually dry oil is produced during this period, and reservoir pressure also decreases somewhat.

The second stage - stabilization of oil production - begins after the drilling of the main well stock. During this period, oil production first increases somewhat, and then begins to slowly decline. The increase in oil production is achieved by: 1) thickening the grid of wells; 2) increasing the injection of water or gas into the reservoir to maintain reservoir pressure; 3) carrying out work to influence the bottomhole zones of wells and to increase the permeability of the reservoir, etc.

The task of the developers is to extend the second stage as much as possible. During this period of development of an oil deposit, water appears in the production of wells.

The third stage - falling oil production - is characterized by a decrease in oil production, an increase in water cut in well production and a large drop in reservoir pressure. At this stage, the problem of slowing down the rate of decline in oil production is solved by the methods used at the second stage, as well as by thickening the water injected into the reservoir.

During the first three stages, a selection of 80...90 % industrial oil reserves.

The fourth stage - the late stage of deposit exploitation - is characterized by relatively low volumes of oil extraction and large water withdrawals. It can last long enough - as long as oil production remains profitable. During this period, secondary oil recovery methods are widely used to extract the remaining slick oil from the reservoir.

When developing a gas deposit, the fourth stage is called the final period. It ends when the wellhead pressure is less than 0.3 MPa.

2. Ways of operating wells.

There are several types of well operation:

Fountain

gas lift

Deep and others

The operation of production wells is understood as their use in technological processes of lifting from the reservoir to the surface of the reservoir products (oil, condensate, gas, water).

Methods of well operation and periods of their use are substantiated in the design documents for the development of the field and are implemented by oil and gas producing organizations according to the plans of geological and technical measures.

Wells should be operated only if they contain tubing. The depth of descent and standard sizes of downhole production equipment are established by the plans for commissioning wells or plans for repair work in accordance with technological and technical calculations in accordance with current regulatory and technical documents.

The development project is a comprehensive document that is an action plan for the development of a field.

The source material for drawing up the project is information about the structure of the field, the number of layers and interlayers, the size and configuration of deposits, the properties of reservoirs and the oil, gas and water that saturate them.

Using these data, the reserves of oil, gas and condensate are determined. For example, the total in-place oil reserves of individual reservoirs are calculated by multiplying the area of oil-bearing capacity by the effective oil and saturation thickness of the formation, the effective porosity, the coefficient of oil accumulation, the density of oil at surface conditions, and the reciprocal of the volumetric coefficient of oil at reservoir conditions. After that, commercial (or recoverable) oil reserves are found by multiplying the total geological reserves by the oil recovery factor.

After the reserves are approved, a comprehensive design of the field development is carried out. In this case, the results of trial operation of exploratory wells are used, during which their productivity, reservoir pressure are determined, the operating modes of deposits, the position of oil-water (gas-water) and gas-oil contacts, etc. are studied.

In the design hall, a field development system is selected, the iodine of which is the determination of the required number and placement of wells, the sequence of their commissioning, information on the methods and technological modes of well operation, recommendations on regulating the balance of reservoir energy in deposits.

The number of wells should ensure the production of oil, gas and condensate planned for the period under review.

Wells are placed on the area of the deposit evenly and unevenly. At the same time, uniformity and unevenness of two types are distinguished: geometric and hydro-gas-dynamic. The wells are geometrically evenly placed in the nodes of the correct conditional grids (three-, four-, five- and hexagonal) applied to the deposit area. Hydro-gas-dynamically uniform is such a placement of wells, when each has the same reserves of oil (gas, condensate) in the area of their drainage.

The layout of wells is chosen taking into account the shape and size of the deposit, its geological structure, filtration characteristics, etc.

The sequence of putting wells into operation depends on many factors: the production plan, the rate of construction of field facilities, the availability of drilling rigs, etc. Apply "thickening" and "creeping * - schemes of drilling wells. In the first case, wells are first drilled along a sparse grid, over the entire area of the deposit, and then it is “thickened”, i.e. drilling new wells between existing ones. In the second, all project wells are initially drilled, but in separate areas of the deposit. And only subsequently, wells are drilled in other areas.

The "thickening" scheme is used when drilling and developing large fields with a complex geological structure of productive layers, and the "creeping" scheme is used in fields with complex terrain.

The method of well operation is selected depending on what is being produced (gas or oil), the reservoir pressure, the depth and thickness of the productive reservoir, the viscosity of the reservoir fluid and a number of other factors.

The establishment of technological regimes for the operation of producing wells is reduced to planning the rate of oil (gas, condensate) withdrawal. Well operation modes change over time depending on the state of reservoir development (the position of the oil-bearing gas oil contour, well water cut, technical condition of the production string, well operation method, etc.).

Recommendations for regulating the balance of reservoir energy in deposits should contain information about methods of maintaining reservoir pressure (by waterflooding or gas injection into the reservoir) and about the volumes of injection of working agents.

The selected development system should provide the highest oil, gas, condensate recovery coefficients, protection of the subsoil and the environment at the minimum reduced costs.

The natural source of raw materials (oil, gas) is the deposit. Access to it is provided through many wells. When designing and developing oil fields, the following groups of production wells are distinguished:

Mining;

Discharge;

Special.

Production wells, having fountain, pumping or gas lift equipment and are intended for the extraction of oil, petroleum gas and associated water. Depending on the method of lifting the liquid, production wells are divided into flowing, gas lift and pumping.

With the flowing method, liquid and gas rise along the wellbore from the bottom to the surface only under the action of reservoir energy, which the oil reservoir possesses. This method is the most economical, as it is typical for newly discovered, energetically not depleted deposits. When maintaining reservoir pressure by pumping water or gas into the deposit, in some cases it is possible to significantly extend the period of well flowing.

If wells cannot flow, then they are transferred to mechanized methods of oil production.

With the gas-lift method of production, compressed (hydrocarbon) gas or, very rarely, air is supplied (or pumped with the help of compressors) into the well to lift oil to the surface, i.e. supply the expansion energy of the compressed gas.

AT pumping wells the liquid is lifted to the surface by means of pumps lowered into the well - rod pumps (SHSN) or submersible pumps (ESP). In the fields, other methods of operating wells are also used.

Injection wells are designed to influence productive formations by injecting water, gas and other working agents into them. In accordance with the accepted system of influence, injection wells can be contour, contour and intra-contour. In the process of development, production wells can be transferred to the number of injection wells in order to transfer injection, create additional and develop existing cutting lines, organize focal waterflooding. The design of these wells, together with the equipment used, must ensure the safety of the injection process and compliance with the requirements for the protection of the subsoil. Part of the injection wells can be temporarily used as production wells.

The reserve fund of wells is provided for the purpose of involving in the development of individual lenses, wedging zones and stagnant zones that are not involved in the development of the wells of the main fund within the contour of their placement. The number of reserve wells is substantiated in the design documents, taking into account the nature and degree of heterogeneity of productive formations (their discontinuity), the density of the grid of wells of the main stock, etc.

Observation and piezometric wells serve as control and are intended for:

Observational for periodic monitoring of changes in the position of WOC and GOC, GWC, changes in the oil-water-gas saturation of the formation during the development of the deposit;

Piezometric - for a systematic change in reservoir pressure in the aquifer, in the gas cap and in the oil zone of the reservoir.

The number and location of control wells is determined in the design documents for development.

Appraisal wells are drilled at fields (deposits) being developed or being prepared for trial operation in order to clarify the parameters and mode of operation of the reservoirs, identify and clarify the boundaries of isolated productive fields, assess the recovery of oil reserves in individual areas of the deposit within the boundaries of reserves of category A+B+C.

Special wells are intended for production of technical water, discharge of industrial waters, underground gas storage, liquidation of open fountains.

Water intake wells are intended for water supply during well drilling, as well as reservoir pressure maintenance systems during development.

Absorbing wells designed for injection of commercial water from developed fields into absorbing formations.

Wells - backups are provided for the replacement of production and injection wells actually liquidated due to aging (physical wear) or for technical reasons (as a result of accidents during operation). The number, placement and procedure for commissioning backup wells as submitted by oil and gas production departments is justified by feasibility studies in projects and revised development projects and as an exception in technological schemes, taking into account possible oil production from backup wells, in multilayer fields - taking into account the possible use instead of them returnable wells from downstream facilities.

Mothballed wells- non-functioning due to the inexpediency or impossibility of their operation (regardless of their purpose), the conservation of which is formalized in accordance with the current regulations.

The operational well stock is subdivided into wells in operation (operating), in overhaul after operation and waiting for overhaul, which are in the arrangement and development after drilling.

Operating (operating) wells include wells that produce products in the last month of the reporting period, regardless of the number of days of their work in this month.

In the well stock in operation (operating) wells, wells producing production, wells stopped for the purpose of regulating development or experimental work, as well as wells that are in scheduled and preventive maintenance (idle, stopped in the last month of the reporting period from among those that produced production in this month).

Post-operational wells that are under overhaul include those wells that have retired from the operating ones, on which repair work was carried out at the end of the reporting month. Wells awaiting overhaul include wells that have been idle for a calendar month.

Test questions:

1. How many stages is the development of deposits divided into?

2. What is meant by exploitation of production wells?

3. What is a development project?

4. On what parameters does the operation method depend?

Literature

1. Askerov M.M., Suleimanov A.B. Well Repair: Sprav, allowance. - : Nedra, 1993.

2. Angelopulo O.K., Podgornov V.M., Avakov B.E. Drilling fluids for complicated conditions. - M.: Nedra, 1988.

3. Brown SI. Oil, gas and ergonomics. - M: Nedra, 1988.

4. Brown SI. Labor protection in drilling. - M: Nedra, 1981.

5. Bulatov A.I., Avetisov A.G. Drilling Engineer's Handbook: In 3 volumes: 2nd ed., Revised. and additional - M: Nedra, 1993-1995. - T. 1-3.

6. Bulatov A.I. Formation and work of cement stone in a well, Nedra, 1990.

7. Varlamov P.S. Testers of layers of multi-cycle action. - M: Nedra, 1982.

8. Gorodnov V.D. Physico-chemical methods for preventing complications in drilling. 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M: Nedra, 1984.

9. Geological and technological research of wells / L.M. Chekalin, A.S. Moiseenko, A.F. Shakirov and others - M: Nedra, 1993.

10. Geological and technological research in the process of drilling. RD 39-0147716-102-87. VNIIpromgeofizika, 1987.

Topic: Methods for operating oil and gas wells.

Plan 1. Fountain method of operation.

2. Flowing conditions and possible methods for its extension.

The main graphic document in the calculation of reserves is the calculation plan. Estimated plans (Fig. 3) are compiled on the basis of a structural map along the top of productive reservoirs or the nearest benchmark located no more than 10 m above or below the top of the reservoir. External and internal contours are plotted on the map oil- and gas content, boundaries of reserves categories.

The boundaries and area of calculation of oil and gas reserves of each category are colored in a certain color:

Rice. 3. An example of a deposit calculation plan.

1 - oil; 2 - water: 3 - oil and water;

Wells: 4 - producing, 5 - exploratory, 6 - mothballed, 7 - liquidated, 8 - not flowing; 9 - isohypses of the reservoir surface, m;

Oil-bearing contours: 10 - external, 11 - internal; 12 - boundary of lithofacies replacement of reservoirs; 13 categories of reserves;

Numerals at the wells: numerator - well number, denominator - absolute elevation of the reservoir top, m.

All wells drilled as of the date of calculation of reserves are also applied to the calculation plan (with an exact indication of the position of the mouths, the points of intersection of the roof of the corresponding productive formation by them):

Exploration;

Mining;

Mothballed in anticipation of the organization of fishing;

Pressure and observation;

Those who gave anhydrous oil, oil with water, gas, gas with condensate, gas with condensate and water and water;

Under trial;

Untested, with specification oil-, gas- and water-saturation of formations - collectors according to the interpretation of materials of geophysical surveys of wells;

Liquidated, indicating the reasons for liquidation;

Revealed a layer composed of impermeable rocks.

For tested wells, the following are indicated: depth and absolute marks of the roof and bottom of the reservoir, absolute marks of perforation intervals, initial and current oil production rates, gas and water, choke diameter, depression, duration of work, date of appearance of water and its percentage in the produced product. When testing two or more layers together, their indices are indicated. Debits oil and gas should be measured when the wells are operating on the same chokes.

For production wells, the following are given: the date of commissioning, initial and current flow rates and reservoir pressure, the amount of oil produced, gas, condensate and water, the date of the start of watering and the percentage of water in the produced product as of the date of the reserves calculation. At in large numbers wells, this information is placed in the table on the calculation plan or on the sheet attached to it. In addition, the calculation plan contains a table indicating the values of the calculated parameters adopted by the authors, the calculated reserves, their categories, the values of the parameters adopted by the decision of the State Reserves Committee of the Russian Federation, the date on which the reserves were calculated.

When re-estimating reserves, the boundaries of the categories of reserves approved during the previous calculation should be plotted on the estimated plans, as well as the wells drilled after the previous calculation of reserves should be highlighted.

Calculation of reserves of oil, gas, condensate and components contained in them is carried out separately for gas, oil,. gas-oil, water-oil and gas-oil-water zones by types of reservoirs for each layer of the deposit and the field as a whole with a mandatory assessment of the prospects of the entire field.

Stocks of components contained in oil and gas, which are of industrial importance, are calculated within the limits of reserves calculation oil and gas.

When calculating reserves, the calculation parameters are measured in the following units: thickness in meters; pressure in megapascals (accurate to tenths of a unit); area in thousand square meters; density of oil, condensate and water in grams per cubic centimeter, and of gas - in kilograms per cubic meter (accurate to thousandths of a unit); coefficients of porosity and oil and gas saturation in fractions of a unit, rounded to hundredths; recovery factors oil and condensate in fractions of a unit rounded to thousandths.

Stocks of oil, condensate, ethane, propane, butanes, sulfur and metals are calculated in thousands of tons, gas - in millions of cubic meters, helium and argon - in thousands of cubic meters.

The average values of the parameters and the results of the calculation of reserves are given in tabular form.

Technical project field development- this is one of the most important documents for starting work on the development of deposits. Our specialists are ready to take on the implementation of this and related tasks completely.

In the process of drawing up a project for the development of mineral reserves, an analysis is made of the previous rates of extraction, if any.

Tasks to be solved technical project for the development of mineral deposits:

prevention of loss of minerals and their quality;
obligatory maintenance of all necessary documentation in the process of geological exploration, all types of field and laboratory work;
work safety from the point of view of the employees involved in the development of the field, as well as from the point of view of the environment, including concern for the purity of groundwater;
in case of violation of the safety of land plots - their reclamation;
preservation of mine workings and boreholes that can still be used, and the elimination of unnecessary ones;
strict compliance with the terms of the license.

The technical project is divided into graphic and text parts.

Graphic includes:

Mining and geological part:
- surface plan with contours of reserves calculation;
- geological sections along lines;
- quarry plan at the end of mining and a scheme of mining and technical reclamation;
- calculation of the volume of reserves left in the sides of the quarry, in sections;
- overburden and dump work schedule;
- mining schedule;
- elements of the development system;
- dumping scheme;
General plan and transport.

The text part of the report may contain the following information:

General explanatory note, which indicates the initial data and the main provisions of the project;
Geological structure of the quarry field;
Technical solutions (design capacity and operating mode of the facility, field development system, dump parameters, quarry transport, etc.);
The quality of the mineral;
Organization and technical solutions for work in hazardous areas;
Production management, enterprise. Organization and working conditions of employees;
Architectural and construction solutions;
Engineering and technical support. Networks and systems;
Master plan and external transport;
Organization of construction;
Protection and rational use of subsoil;
Measures to ensure fire safety and prevention of emergencies;
Estimated documentation;
Economic evaluation of investment efficiency.

After drawing up and registration, the project is submitted for mandatory approval to the Federal Agency for Subsoil Use. for mining, you can also entrust us. Employees of the group of companies "Specialist" have extensive experience in the preparation and approval of project documentation, which will allow you to avoid risks and save time.

On average, it takes about three months to develop and approve a field project, but we will do our best to reduce this period.