The creation of dispatching systems is one of the key activities of NORVIX-TECHNOLOGY.

The dispatching system is a complex of software and hardware tools that allows remote control of the engineering systems of one or more objects.

Automated system dispatching control (ASDU) is necessary to control engineering equipment that is geographically dispersed, as well as located in hard-to-reach places. As a rule, dispatching is included in the management system of multifunctional facilities with complex engineering infrastructure, such as office buildings, shopping and entertainment centers, as well as industrial complexes and other industrial enterprises.

The following subsystems can be included in the dispatching system:

• power supply, gas supply;
• heat and water supply, accounting of energy resources;
• security and fire alarm, fire extinguishing and smoke removal systems;
• Ventilation and air conditioning;
• video surveillance, access control and management;
• lift facilities and others.

The essence of the design of dispatching systems is to solve the problem of visualizing information about the functioning engineering systems and enabling the operator direct control equipment from the control room. Data on the state of engineering equipment is received from local automation controllers and transmitted to the server. The processed technological data with the necessary analytical information is sent to the dispatching server and displayed on the computer screens at the operators' workplaces in a clear dynamic graphical form.

Advantages of the monitoring system of engineering systems of structures

The data received and processed by the dispatching system is formed into messages different kind, which are archived to durable storage. Based on this information, available at any time, reports are generated.

The dispatching system provides key advantages in facility management:

• constant centralized control of engineering systems;
• rapid response in emergency situations;
• diminishing influence human factor;
• optimization of document flow, reporting systems.

NORVIX-TECHNOLOGY implements dispatching projects of varying degrees of complexity.

Along with conventional systems, the company offers dispatch systems with 3D visualization based on the new generation solution GENESIS64. It's high quality new level supervisory monitoring capabilities, which allows the operator to see a realistic image of the object with all the parameters associated with specific nodes. The dispatcher can interactively change the detail of rendered objects by removing elements of buildings, installations and viewing them from the inside. Three-dimensional visualization will allow virtual navigation through the depicted objects, offers animation tools and dynamics of three-dimensional images and other advantages of 3D technologies.

Another pride of the company's employees is the ability to design and implement large-scale geographically distributed dispatching systems that provide not only data collection from remote objects, but also distributed computing, multi-level archiving and redundancy.

Do you need to create a dispatching system at your enterprise? Contact NORVIX-TECHNOLOGY specialists for a consultation.

Electronic journal Cloud of Science. 2013. No. 4

http://cloudofscience.ru

Prospects for the use of digital supervisory control systems in the electric power industry

P. V. Tertyshnikov

Moscow Technological Institute "VTU"

Annotation. To prevent emergencies at electric power facilities, as well as to ensure the operation of facilities without constant service personnel, there is a need to use automated dispatch control systems

Keywords Keywords: automated dispatch control systems, safety at electric power facilities, automation in the electric power industry.

To prevent emergencies at electric power facilities, as well as to ensure the operation of facilities without permanent maintenance personnel, it becomes necessary to use automated dispatch control systems (ASCS). The use of ADCS makes it possible to ensure exact compliance with the technological standards of electric energy, accident prevention, continuous monitoring of the operating modes of power facilities, compliance with the requirements and regulations for energy entities.

The ASDU of substations is a distributed hierarchical system, at each level of which the mandatory basic set of tasks is solved, ensuring the performance of the main functions of operational and technological control (Fig. 1) .

Conventionally, the ACS hierarchy can be divided into two levels: lower and upper levels. The lower level collects and primary processes information from controlled objects, solves local problems of signaling, measurements, diagnostics, control and protection, transfers the results of work to higher levels of the control system in the hierarchy. For this, programmable controllers (PLC) are used in combination with sensors for measuring current, voltage, power, etc. with a standard output analog or number-pulse signal. The equipment of this level is located directly at the control objects (substations). The upper level is used for subsequent processing, storage, presentation, documentation of information, for operational control and management, as well as for transferring information to a higher level of management. To implement the upper level, a PC is used.

D. G. Pikin

Equipment for the functioning of the upper level is located at the control room of the Central Distribution Substation (CDP).

Rice. 1. Scheme of interaction between the levels of the automated dispatch control system

The first (lower) level is a network of programmable microprocessor controllers that lead the process of collecting and pre-treatment primary information that performs the tasks of local equipment control. Lower level devices (PLCs) are located at each substation directly

ENERGY

Cloud Science. 2013. No. 4

close proximity to power and measuring equipment from which information is read. The controller acts as a hub-gateway that organizes the operation of digital protection and information exchange with the upper level of the system. Since the change in the considered basic values ​​(current, voltage) has a fixed time interval of 20 ms (50 Hz), at the regular request of the system, the exchange of information about the change in the state of the equipment is carried out every 1500 ms in relation to each PLC.

This method of building the system allows you to create an Operational Control Center on the territory of each substation, which includes a set of technical means for protecting, managing, processing and issuing information about the state of power equipment assigned to this substation and supports on-line data exchange with the upper level of the system - dispatcher workstation CRP. The controller has the ability to exchange information using the following protocols: MODBUS, KBUS, IEC 60870-5-103.

The PLC provides territorial collection of discrete and analog information about the state and operation of power and switching equipment of the substation, primary processing of information, control of parameters, detection and registration of events in normal and emergency modes, accumulation of information about the parameters of emergency mode, formation and issuance of control actions on actuators during carrying out control procedures autonomously or by commands from the upper level of the system.

To connect control sensors and switching equipment to the PLC, an electric cable MGShVE 3x0.75 is used. The controller is equipped with RS 232, RS 485, Ethernet interfaces and is connected to the PLC modem port using a twisted pair, which converts the protocol for organizing remote RF communication over power lines using Power Line technology to the highest level of control. A central PLC modem (capable of organizing a network for 65536 addresses, i.e. 16-bit address space) is installed in the control room of the CRP, which receives a dedicated RF signal from each substation, converts it to Ethernet for the SCADA server, and also supports the procedure for transmitting requests to interrogated objects - substations.

The main element of the top level is automatic workplace(Workstation) of the dispatcher, made on the basis of a PC and a SCADA server. Separation and simultaneous performance of the functions of operational personnel when using a single information database of the system involves increasing required amount user connections to monitor the database with limited management rights. All top-level software and hardware are combined with a high-speed local networkТСР/1Р, to which

D. G. Pikin

Analysis of statistics of accidents and failures in electrical networks of Murmansk

the rights of autonomous subscribers are also connected to the gateways of the system modules of the lower level. For the exchange of operational and technological information in the system complex of the highest level of enterprise management (ERP), a separate communication server is used by default.

Remote control of switching groups at substations can be carried out by the CRP dispatcher from his workstation by controlling the operation of the corresponding PLC output relays.

Thus, the digital automated dispatch control system provides comprehensive control and protection of electric power facilities in all modes of its operation.

Literature

Mashkovtsev A. V., Pedyashev V. N. Possibilities of using innovative technologies // Education - the path to success. International forum "YEES 2012": Collection of scientific papers. - M. : MTI "VTU", 2012. S. 130.

Troitsky A. A. On the economic assessment of energy innovations in the development of thermal power plants in Russia // Elektricheskie stantsii. 2013. No. 7. S. 3-7.

Pilipenko G. V. Trends in building a technological communication network of the electric power industry in modern conditions// Power stations. 2014. No. 3. S. 26-29.

Tertyshnikov P. V., master student of the Moscow Technological Institute "VTU"

Energy saving, prudent use of electricity in enterprises, reduction of energy costs in production ... All this is now put on the agenda as the most important task the entire economic complex of the country.

Group of companies "Komplekt-Service", Moscow

Today, due to its global demand, energy is the industry where the most advanced and promising developments flock, and companies serving the needs of power engineers are rightfully considered the best. Their products meet very high standards of quality and reliability. Many enterprises in related areas are often guided by the choice made by power engineers, because this is actually a kind of quality mark. The products of one of these suppliers - the K-S group of companies - will be discussed in this article, the quality and level of which meet the requirements of leading energy companies. As a result, KS® devices are successfully operated at the facilities of JSC FGC UES, JSC DRSK, JSC IDGC of Holding, JSC RAO ES of the East, etc.

In the near future, the company predicts an increase in demand for its products among enterprises in the petrochemical, gas and mining industries.

Automation object

PPG "IOLLA" is one of the oldest enterprises in our country with a rich and complicated history, the birthday of the enterprise can be considered September 18, 1946, when the plant for the repair of electrical equipment was organized by order of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. At the beginning of its activity, the plant was engaged in the repair and restoration of electric motors up to 100 kW, power oil and welding transformers, magnetic plates and other electrical equipment. Today, the enterprise is not only the production of high-quality and reliable electric motors, electric fans and consumer goods, but also the concentration the latest technologies, multiplied by almost a century of experience. Use in the regular production of complex and high technology technological processes allows the company to look to the future with confidence.

The purpose of creating ASDU

The purpose of creating the ASDU was to implement operational monitoring of the modes and state of the electrical economy with a parallel increase in the reliability of the power supply of the enterprise as a whole. The whole set of measures made it possible to minimize possible losses from downtime and emergencies and to reduce errors associated with the human factor to negligible values.

As a result of the creation of the ADCS, results were obtained that can be considered a reference for most industries in our country:

Clear visualization and control of the parameters of the state of the electrical facilities of the enterprise and the adjacent electrical network in normal and emergency modes;

The efficiency of operational dispatching and dispatching and technological management of the enterprise's electrical facilities has been increased (maintenance of a given power supply mode and its optimization, prevention of equipment failures, localization and elimination of the consequences of accidents);

Improved reliability of the main and auxiliary equipment substations and electrical networks;

Reduced operating costs.

Characteristics of ASDU objects

The central distribution point (3 sections, 6 kV) was subject to automation, from which electricity is transmitted via flexible connections and insulated bus ducts to the TP-1 6 / 0.4 kV buses. The 6/0.4 kV TP-1 busbars distribute electricity to consumers via busbars and cable lines.

Structure of ASDU

ADCS has a three-level, distributed, hierarchical structure, consisting of lower, middle and upper levels.

The lower level includes:

Measuring current and voltage transformers;

Measuring ammeters produced by the company "K-S";

Discrete telesignaling sensors;

executive devices.

The middle level includes:

Automation cabinets with a control controller;

Communication equipment;

Electrical energy meters.

The upper level includes the dispatcher's workstation, which ensures the integrity and consistency of data about the equipment, its status and operating modes, secondary devices and their characteristics, configuration parameters and other types of information necessary for the functioning of the automated control system and the effective operation of the operational dispatching and operational personnel.

In addition to this task, other tasks are assigned to the upper level:

Storage of the necessary types of archival information;

Search and storage of reference information;

Display of data collected by the system;

Dispatching control with differentiation of access rights;

Formation of reports;

Differentiation of access to data of different user groups.

ASDU was created as a single, functionally complete complex, including technical, software, information and other types of support. The system provides for the possibility of increasing hardware and software when changing the composition of hierarchy levels, increasing the number of parameters measured by the system.

Applied equipment

When creating the ASDU, the priority was to ensure the reliability and budget of the project. After studying the proposals presented on the market, the group of companies "Komplekt-Service" was chosen. The equipment presented by her had great reliability, excellent operating history and reasonable pricing policy. An additional plus can be considered a large calibration interval (6 years) and, in fact, a dual purpose of devices: metrologists for visualization and measurement, and telemechanics as sensors for the initial collection of information.

The production of digital switchboards under the KS® trademark is based on a modern high-tech factory of Jiangsu Sfere Electric Co. Ltd, China, all products fully comply with the requirements for the accuracy of measurements of electrical parameters required by JSC FGC UES, JSC IDGC Holding, petrochemical enterprises, etc.

Among other characteristics, you can pay attention to the following:

RS‑485 interface with Modbus RTU data transfer protocol (and exchange rate 4800, 9600, 19200 baud);

Availability of digital and discrete inputs, analog and relay outputs;

The universal dimensions of the devices allow installation without upgrading the shield;

Degree of protection on the forward panel – IP66.

Rice. The PD194Z-2S4T multifunctional electrical measuring device is designed to measure in three-phase and single-phase circuits of alternating current, frequency, power factor, active, reactive and apparent power, active and reactive energy, maxima of the average effective value of voltage and current, maxima of active and reactive power. Instrument interface - RS-485, Modbus RTU data transfer protocol

Here are some devices that all enterprises that are planning to create reliable automation and monitoring systems should pay attention to: PA194I ammeters, PZ194U voltmeters, PS194P wattmeters, PS194Q varmeters, PD194 multifunction meters.

Rice. Ammeter PA194I-2K1T is designed to measure the strength and frequency of alternating current in electrical circuits. The modification, with the letter "T" at the end of the name, is distinguished by an increased height of the indicator digits - 20 mm, updated modern design and IP66 front panel protection

Software ASDU

When creating the ASDU, the ENTEK-MONITORING project (Entels company) was implemented, designed to control the enterprise's measuring instruments. The program is integrated into a single information and control system of the enterprise and can be used jointly by various services interested in obtaining information from metrological equipment. ENTEK-MONITORING allows you to implement the whole range of tasks required to work with equipment: database maintenance, reporting, storage and visual display of information.

The project of the automated dispatching control system ASDU Pathology and anatomy building. pdf format

List of drawings of the ASDU project:

Common data.
Structural diagram of a complex of technical means
Automation schemes.
General schemes.
Schematic diagrams of shields ShchA 322.
Types of general automation panels.
Connection diagrams for external wiring
Cable and pipe magazine.
Plans for the location of technical facilities

The automatic control system for the technological equipment of the engineering systems of the pathoanatomical building provides:

Management and control over the operation of technological equipment of engineering systems in automatic mode of operation.

Control and maintenance of the set values ​​of the parameters of technological processes of the equipment of the systems, automatic control, regulation and maintenance of the established modes.

Obtaining operational information about the state and parameters of engineering systems equipment.

Implementation of the protective functions of the equipment.

Implementation of programs for statistics and monitoring of equipment operation.

Peripheral devices and automation equipment are installed on technological equipment engineering systems and in serviced premises and areas in places convenient for installation and operation. The shield of the cables must be reliably grounded in accordance with the wiring diagrams. When connected to the controller boards, the cable shields are connected to each other on the ground bus.

city ​​buses (ASDU-A/M)

Automated system of dispatch control of city buses (ASDU-A/M) is a modern highly efficient computerized system of continuous dispatch control of passenger transport.

The system is based on technical, technological, software and mathematical solutions of the well-known ASDU-A system, which has been operating reliably and efficiently for 18 years in 30 cities of Russia and the CIS countries. At present, due to the widespread use of modern, compact and powerful computers, as well as small-sized and efficient means of communication, new possibilities have appeared for technical support for continuous control over the movement of urban passenger transport. In particular, in the city of Omsk, the central computer complex ASDU-A was transferred to personal computers of the IBM-PC type, and peripheral control devices in buses and trolleybuses are being gradually replaced with new means of continuous digital radio communication, which makes the system more efficient, reliable and convenient. In Omsk, under the control of ASDU, all city buses operate around the clock (130 routes, 1060 vehicles on the line at rush hour), one trolleybus route on new technical means. Objective indicators have been achieved: in terms of traffic regularity - 92%, in terms of fulfillment of the flight plan - 98.2%.

The complex of hardware and software for computerized control and management of passenger transport proposed for implementation in the city (from 10 to 1000 or more vehicles) includes:

Compact specialized radio station installed in a bus, trolleybus;

Small radio beacons placed on the streets of the city to determine the location of a mobile vehicle;

dispatcher's central radio station;

One or two computers such as IBM-PC, receiving and processing traffic information.

The introduction of such a system provides the following opportunities:

Objectively determine and fix with the help of a computer the actual time of passing the checkpoints of the transport schedule during the work shift;

It is enough to accurately determine the location of a bus, trolleybus, tram at any time, visually see on the computer screen the location of transport units on the route, including on a computer remote from the CDS in a passenger enterprise;

Have high-quality voice communication with the driver at any time;

Establish a rigid and objective system of remuneration for drivers, depending on the flights performed and the accuracy of the schedule;

Receive city administrations objective and timely information on the quality of passenger transportation, use this data when spending budget funds to finance transportation.

The ASDU-A/M central computer complex consists of a set of IBM-PC type personal computers (file servers and workstations) connected to a local area network.

The composition of the computer complex:

File server - 1 or 2, (*)

Workstation for receiving marks from PE - 1 pc. for 3-4 USPO modules, (*)

Operator-technologist workstation - 1 or 2, (*)

CDS dispatcher workstation - 1 pc. on PATP, (*)

Report printing workstation - 1 or 2 (combination with the operator's PC is possible),

Printers DFX-8000 - 1 or 2 pcs.,

Workstation for communication with terminals in PATP - 1 or 2 (on one PC, the service of radio and telephone modems is combined),

Telephone or radio modems - HAYES-compatible - 2 pcs. to one remote terminal,

PATP dispatcher workstation (remote terminal) - 1 pc. on PATP,

Workstation of a software engineer - 1 or 2,

Workstations of the shift supervisor, scheduling group engineer,

transportation department engineer, etc. - according to need,

(*) - workstations required for system operation are marked.

The list of subsystems and modes of the automated bus traffic control system based on computers such as IBM-PC (ASDU-A / M) is presented in table 3.1

Table 3.1- List of subsystems and modes of the automated bus traffic control system (ASDU-A/M)

Continuation of table 3.1

	Subsystem / mode name	Purpose
	The mode of preparation of the initial regulatory reference information (RSI) in Clipper DBMS: Preparation of NSI arrays, Preparation of "manual" schedules, NSI analysis.	Autonomous formation, input, correction, viewing, printing and analysis of reference information (NSI) and manual timetables by options.
	NSI loading mode on "SERVER".	Recording on the "SERVER" of NSI options and schedules for further use in ASDU-A/M.
	"TECHNOLOGY" mode - the mode of maintaining and analyzing information options on the "SERVER": Deleting schedule routes, Fixing PE and other operations.	Change of NSI and timetables if necessary: Deleting (entering) route schedules, Entering a planned non-release, Formation of planned information on routes, Assignment of PE to the route and exit schedule, NSI analysis.
	Initial launch subsystem - "OPERATOR".	The subsystem is designed to bring the information support to its original state, starting from which the ASDU-A/M can perform the functions of all other subsystems.
	Morning start mode of the system.	Choice of variant of PE timetables on routes.
	Subsystem for receiving, processing, linking and storing information about applications of mobile units.	The subsystem is designed to enter marks from the PE into the computer and prepare them for processing by subsystems and modes.
	The mode of receiving and processing information from PE.	Input and processing of applications from PE.
	The mode of collection and storage of primary input information of PU requests on the receiving computer.	Designed for the convenience of analyzing applications in the context of PU, CP, direction of PU movement, time, etc.
	Subsystem of normal functioning of the system (NF).	The subsystem is intended for monitoring and operational management of the movement of buses in real time, for the accumulation of reporting data for the day.

Continuation of table 3.1

	Subsystem / mode name		Purpose
		Mode "DISPATCHER" - mode of operation of the dispatcher during the day.		Operative corrections of planned tasks according to the actual exit of the PU on the routes, control of the execution of the schedules for the movement of the PU along the routes, re-fixing of the PU, input of PU derailments, input of messages about the malfunction of peripheral equipment, input of "off-road" messages, etc.
		Mode for entering information about the order for the next day.		Receipt of a basic order for PE for routes according to the schedules for the next days.
		Subsystem for obtaining reporting information.		The subsystem is intended for summing up the results of the system's work for a day and issuing output forms.
		The mode of processing and generating information for further use in reports.		Required for printing files in the future.
		Report generation and printing mode.		Printing reports on PE, routes, transport companies, association of transport companies, cumulative reports.
		The mode of creating and storing information by days and months for accumulative forms.		The mode is intended for accumulation of ASDU-A/M information for the past day and further work with it.

A preliminary estimate of the cost of implementing such a system for small town(up to 20 units of rolling stock on the line) is less than 10 thousand Russian rubles in terms of one unit with complete delivery and turnkey delivery of the system. The unit cost of the system per vehicle decreases as the total number of controlled vehicles increases. At the same time, one-time costs make it possible to obtain a several times greater effect due to the rational use of existing vehicles and reducing the need to purchase new ones.

The scheme of information interaction of the automated system of dispatching control of the movement of buses (ASDU-A / M) is shown in Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1 - Scheme of information interaction of the automated bus traffic control system (ASDU-A / M)