For a comparative assessment of the Moskva missile cruiser, one could take the Orly Burke-class URO destroyer, but this is still a ship of a different class, although it is similar in terms of armament and displacement.
Simple matching performance characteristics weapons samples gives little. The reasons are simple: each state creates weapons in accordance with the requirements, which are determined primarily by the content of military threats, the chosen methods and ways of neutralizing them, the general level of industry, and the specific features of military technical schools. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the conditions combat use compared samples and the nature of the tasks they solve. Strictly speaking, it is necessary to compare not the performance characteristics, but the combat capabilities arising from them. To do this, it is necessary to follow a certain method of analysis.
“In an oncoming battle, the chances of hitting an aircraft carrier will be much smaller, if not zero - it will not allow our cruiser to approach a volley distance”
First of all, the correct choice of applicants for comparison is important. Foreign analogue must belong to the same class as the Russian sample. It is advisable that they be from approximately the same generation of military equipment. Although this requirement is not mandatory, since often new weapons systems, winning in one, lose to their predecessors in another. As a result, in specific conditions, when solving specific problems, a more modern model may be less effective.
Also important are the correct conditions for comparison, that is, in which conflict, against which enemy, in what ways the compared samples are used. One-on-one actions are often considered. However, there are such samples of military equipment that do not involve direct confrontation. Anti-submarine aircraft can be cited as an example - they simply have nothing to fight with each other. If the effectiveness of the compared samples is not symmetrical according to the conditions of combat use, it is necessary to consider various options, taking into account the expected probability of their implementation.
Only after this work does it make sense to proceed to the analysis of tactical and technical characteristics. At the same time, it is necessary to focus on those data that are significant in relation to the selected combat missions and situational conditions. On this basis, estimates of expected performance can be made, including in a one-on-one scheme. The calculation is made for each compared sample for all combat missions under consideration and for options conditions of use. Next, the integral efficiency indicator is calculated. It summarizes the results of solving all typical combat missions in predictable scenarios. This is already a more or less objective characteristic of the compared tactical units. This indicator gives a comprehensive assessment of the compared samples. We can say which of them will be more effective in a real combat situation.
important and economic evaluation products. But it happens that it cannot be reduced to a general equivalent.
Called to the ring
In view of the foregoing, let's evaluate the Russian cruiser of the "Moskva" type of project 1164. First of all, we will find a suitable opponent for it. Without going into the details of the technology of choice, we state that the American cruiser of the Ticonderoga type is the most suitable. Representatives of this series, in fact, the only ones in foreign fleets belonging to the class of URO cruisers, have armament comparable to the "Moscow". To a certain extent, the tasks for which the compared ships were created are also similar. Their design and construction were carried out in the 70-80s, that is, this is one generation.
Cruiser "Moscow" project 1164
Full displacement - 11,500 tons
Length - 186.5 meters
Crew - 510 people
Full speed - 32 knots
Photo: blackseanews.net
Relating to a very versatile class, the ships are designed for use in all types of military conflicts. And they have already shown themselves. The Russian cruiser - in repelling the aggression of Georgia in 2008 and in the Syrian events, however, in both cases without the use of weapons. American cruisers have been fully operational in all armed conflicts and regional wars from Desert Storm in 1991 to the operation against Libya in 2011.
Accordingly, we will consider two options for the conditions: the actions of the compared ships in a local collision with a navally weak enemy in the interests of the Air Force and Ground Forces, in a large-scale Russia-NATO war. In addition, it makes sense to consider the option: our cruiser against the American as part of a naval strike group (KUG). This option is quite possible, since both can act as the core of the KUG with escort from ships of lighter classes. Here, for the purity of comparison, it is advisable to assume that the striking potential of the air defense systems of the escort ships of the Russian and American groups is approximately the same.
In conflicts, both ships solve the following main tasks, on which a comparison is to be made: the destruction of enemy aircraft carrier strike and multi-purpose groups, the destruction of KUG and KPUG, the destruction of submarines, the repulsion of enemy air attacks, strikes on ground targets.
In a local war against a navally weak enemy, taking into account the probability of the occurrence of a particular task, the weight coefficients are distributed as follows: the destruction of groups of surface ships and boats - 0.1, the destruction of submarines - 0.05, the reflection of AOS - 0.3, striking ground targets - 0.55. This alignment applies to both Russian and American ships. The task of destroying the enemy aircraft carrier forces in this case, obviously, will not stand.
In a large-scale war, the weights are distributed differently and are different for Russian and American ships. Their significance for "Moscow" can be assessed as follows: the destruction of enemy aircraft carrier strike and multi-purpose groups - 0.4 (including 0.1 - from the position of tracking weapons and 0.3 - in the oncoming battle), the destruction of KUG and KPUG - 0 .25, submarines - 0.1, EOS reflection - 0.2, strikes against ground targets - 0.05. The “American” has it differently: the destruction of KUG and KPUG - 0.2, submarines - 0.3, repulsion of anti-aircraft weapons - 0.3, strikes on ground targets - 0.2. Taking into account the fact that Russia has one aircraft carrier that will operate as part of a strike force grouping, solving mainly the air defense tasks of this formation or in the air defense system of the sea area, the task of destroying it will be of little importance for an American missile cruiser.
In the red corner
The project 1164 missile cruiser with a total displacement of more than 11,000 tons has the Vulkan complex with 16 anti-ship missiles as its main armament. The maximum firing range is up to 700 kilometers. The main anti-aircraft armament is represented by the Fort multi-channel complex (S-300F). Ammunition - 64 missiles. Firing range - up to 90 kilometers. Self-defense anti-aircraft weapons: two Osa-MA single-channel systems and three batteries of two 30-mm AK-630 assault rifles. Anti-submarine weapons includes two five-tube torpedo tubes and two RBU-6000. Universal artillery is represented by a double-barreled gun AK-130 caliber 130 millimeters. The ship has effective electronic warfare equipment to disrupt the operation of aircraft radio electronics and anti-ship missile seeker. The cruiser provides for the basing of the Ka-27 helicopter. According to Western experts, four to six Harpoon anti-ship missiles or two to three Tomahawks are required to destroy or disable such ships.
In the blue corner
Cruisers of the Ticonderoga type, with a displacement of about 9600 tons, have different kinds rocket weapons, located in two universal vertical under-deck launchers Mk-41 with a total capacity of 122 cells. A typical load is 24–26 Tomahawk cruise missiles, 16 ASROC PLURs and 80 Standard-2 missiles. In addition, the ship has 16 Harpoon missiles in deck launchers. The ships are equipped with an Aegis-type combat information and control system. Universal artillery is represented by two guns Mk-45 caliber 127 millimeters. Anti-submarine armament includes two triple-tube torpedoes for small-sized Mk-46 anti-submarine torpedoes. The ships have powerful sonar submarine search facilities and anti-submarine helicopters. The required number of hits by heavy Russian anti-ship missiles to disable a cruiser or sink it can be estimated at one to three, to destroy an American aircraft carrier - three to seven.
Meeting engagement
The most favorable situation for solving the problem of hitting an aircraft carrier with a Moskva-class cruiser is firing from a tracking position with a weapon. In this case, the ship, under other conditions being equal to the AUG, is guaranteed to strike at the order of the main forces (an aircraft carrier and three or four escort ships). A volley of 16 missiles will meet opposition from multi-channel air defense systems, combat air patrol fighters and electronic warfare systems. Up to two missiles can be shot down by fighters. The total potential of the order's air defense systems, ranging from 7–8 to 10–12 units, will make it possible to destroy up to 70–80 percent of the remaining salvo missiles. Electronic warfare equipment reduces the probability of hitting the target by another 50-60 percent. As a result, a maximum of one or two missiles will reach the aircraft carrier under the most favorable conditions. That is, the probability of putting an aircraft carrier out of action with such a volley is no more than 0.2.
USS Port Royal (CG-73) Ticonderoga-class cruiser
Full displacement - 9800 tons
Length - 172.8 meters
Crew - 387 people
Full speed - 32 knots
Cruising range - 6000 miles
Photo: warday.info
In an oncoming battle, the chances of hitting an aircraft carrier will be much smaller, if not zero - it will not allow our cruiser to approach a salvo distance (therefore, by the way, submarines and naval missile-carrying aircraft will play a key role in the battle with the AUG).
In combat with formations of surface ships, our cruiser looks much better. When operating against a KUG consisting of two to four destroyers and URO frigates, it is able to disable or sink up to two enemy ships, while remaining invulnerable to them (due to the superior range of missile weapons). An attack on an amphibious detachment or a convoy will make it possible to destroy three or four ships from their composition. That is, the combat effectiveness of our cruiser in this confrontation can be estimated at 0.3-0.5.
The effectiveness of the ship's air defense systems when repulsing an attack by a squadron of tactical aircraft or a missile salvo of 12–16 Tomahawk/Harpoon missiles is determined (based on open data) at 0.3–0.6, depending on the type of AOS.
Possible options
In attacks on ground targets, our cruiser will use the Vulkan anti-ship missiles. In this case, the ability to hit targets should be estimated at two or three point objects at a depth of up to 600–650 kilometers from the coast. Considering that the purpose of such strikes is to disrupt the functioning of any system, in particular air defense or command and control in a certain area, the effectiveness of actions must be compared with the total number of targets that need to be hit. When it comes to the mentioned complex systems, then there can be 20 or more point objects even in a separate limited area. Accordingly, the effectiveness of the impact is estimated at 0.1 or less.
The anti-submarine capabilities of our cruiser are calculated by the criterion of the probability of destroying a submarine before it enters the position of a torpedo salvo. This indicator depends on many factors, but the most important is the energy target detection range of the ship's SAC. Taking into account the whole complex of factors, I estimate this probability for our cruiser at 0.3-0.6, depending on the hydro-acoustic conditions and the type of submarine.
Similar indicators for the Ticonderoga cruiser are as follows. The destruction of groups of surface ships (KUG, KPUG, landing units and convoys) is approximately equivalent: three to four surface ships or 0.3–0.5. The effectiveness of the fight against submarines, taking into account the more powerful SAC, can be 0.5–0.9. Solving air defense problems - 0.4–0.7, depending on the type of air defense. Defeat ground targets "Tomahawks" - six - eight point targets to a depth of up to a thousand kilometers, that is, 0.2-0.4.
In a duel situation, ceteris paribus, due to a significant superiority in firing range, Moscow has the ability to disable or sink an American cruiser with a probability of up to 0.5-0.7, without itself entering the enemy’s kill zone.
In conditions of mutual detection at a range of Ticonderoga missiles, the chances of the latter are higher. However, the likelihood of such an event is extremely small. The “American” will have to approach our ship in order to enter the salvo position, being within the range of its weapons for several hours.
Win by points
The analysis carried out makes it possible to derive an integral indicator of compliance with the purpose of the two ships. For the Russian cruiser, it is: in relation to local wars - 0.23, and to large-scale wars - 0.28. The “American” has these figures of 0.39 and 0.52, respectively. That is, in terms of the degree of compliance of the combat effectiveness of the ship with its mission, our cruiser is inferior to the "American" by about 40 percent. However, in a duel situation, the Russian ship beats the opponent due to a significant superiority in the range of weapons.
The main reason is that our cruiser is more specialized as a strike cruiser, designed to deal with large groups of enemy surface ships. At the same time, its ability to solve the main task - the defeat of the AUG is relatively small, while the Ticonderoga cruiser is more versatile and focused on solving a wide range of tasks that are relevant in a wider range of possible situations.
Huge impact power at minimal cost. The Ticonderoga cruiser is the absolute record holder among ships with a displacement of less than 10 thousand tons:
- 11 radars.
- 80 antenna devices.
- 122 missile silos.
- combat information and control.
The choice of ship names is in honor of the places where the battles and battles of the past took place.
Among achievements and records:
Participation in military conflicts in Libya (1986), Iraq (1991, 2003) and Yugoslavia. Ticonderogi provided cover for naval groups and attacked ground targets;
Destruction of a space satellite moving at an altitude of 247 km at a speed of 27,000 km/h (Operation Scorching Cold, 2008)
The Philippine Sea cruiser is shelling ISIS positions (September 2014, 47 Tomahawks fired)
A missile cruiser based on a destroyer platform. Initially assigned to the family of guided missile destroyers (DDG), but later "promoted" to the cruiser level (CG). In comparison with other cruisers of the same age, the Ticonderoga is 80 meters shorter than the atomic Orlan, its width amidships is 1.5 times less, and the total displacement is 2.6 times inferior. On such a scale, the difference in the meanings of the word "cruiser" and the differences in approaches to the design of ships on both sides of the ocean become clearly noticeable.
Reference. About what is not visible from the shore
Dimensions and contours of the body, power point, as well as a significant part of the mechanisms and weapons are unified with the Spruence-class destroyers.
The hull is divided by watertight bulkheads into 13 compartments.
The cruiser's two decks and eight platforms (five of which are superstructure levels) are parallel to the structural waterline to simplify ship assembly and equipment installation.
The power plant is gas turbine, consisting of 4 General Electric LM2500 turbines. A herd of 80 thousand "horses" is able to disperse the ship from standstill to max. speed (~32 knots) in just 15 minutes.
On the left is a cruiser, on the right is a destroyer
The Ticonderoga surpasses even the larger and more modern in terms of the number of weapons. The reason for the paradox lies directly in the design of the Burke - it is completely steel. While the superstructure "Ticonderogi" is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy brand "5456" and literally falls apart under its own weight.
... During operation, over 3,000 cracks were detected in the superstructures of 27 cruisers - www.navytimes.com, “An epidemic of cracking on the Ticonderoga”.
This drawback did not prevent the cruisers from serving for more than 30 years. But conclusions have been drawn. All subsequent American ships are made entirely of steel.
The main purpose of the Ticonderog is anti-aircraft and anti-submarine protection of aircraft carrier and multi-purpose ship groups, formations and convoys in open sea areas.
The cruisers have high autonomy and are capable of covering 6,000 nautical miles at an operating speed of 20 knots. Which is equivalent to the distance from Naval Base Norfolk to the Persian Gulf.
The first five Ticonderogs were equipped with MK.26 beam-type launchers, with a limited arsenal of anti-aircraft and anti-submarine missiles. The possibility of launching Tomahawks was not considered a priority; the arsenal of cruisers was replenished with SLCMs only with the advent of the MK.41 mine-type launchers on the Bunker Hill cruiser.
The main idea, the meaning of existence and designated purpose Aegis cruisers are still air defense / missile defense.
Air defense system
All hopes are pinned on the BIUS "Aegis" (Aegis), which tied in single network computers, radars and fire control systems.
The main component of the Aegis is the AN / SPY-1 multi-purpose radar with four fixed headlights. Operating range - decimeter (S). The peak radiation power is 6 megawatts, which allows the radar to distinguish targets in near-Earth orbit.
SPY-1 performs search in azimuth and elevation, capture, classification and tracking of targets, control of autopilots of anti-aircraft missiles on the launch and march sections of the flight path.
The only problem with the SPY-1 is that the radar has difficulty distinguishing fast-moving targets flying close to the surface of the water.
The fire control system is archaic, based on four SPG-62 target illumination radars. It is curious that in this aspect, the Ticonderoga again has an advantage over the Arleigh Burke (4 illumination radars against three for the destroyer).
The main incorrigible shortcoming of the SPG-62 is mechanical scanning (turn speed 72°/sec). At any given moment in time, each radar is capable of highlighting only one target. As a result, if the capabilities of the SPY-1 allow you to control up to 18 fired anti-aircraft missiles, then only 4 air targets can be attacked simultaneously (and, most importantly, no more than two from each side).
The only advantage of this scheme: unlike dozens of beams of newfangled AFARs and missiles with active seekers, the outdated illumination radar has a radiation pattern with a narrow main lobe, which makes it possible to produce effective and highly selective target illumination in conditions of using electronic warfare.
Currently, a small number of illumination channels are leveled by the appearance of anti-aircraft missiles with active homing (SM-3, SM-6, ESSM Block-II).
BOD "Marshal Shaposhnikov" against the background of the clumsy-looking USS Chosin (CG-65)
Target selection, threat assessment, control of the order of fired anti-aircraft missiles - this is the purpose of the Aegis system. In real conditions, the theory failed, and the first battle came out "lumpy". In the turmoil of the battle with the Iranian Navy, the Vincennes cruiser overwhelmed the civilian Airbus.
However, three decades have passed. American Aegis ships spent a total of 1250 years in combat campaigns, shooting during combat and learning objectives over 3800 missiles. Guess they learned something.
In addition to four SPY-1 plates and four SPG-62 target illumination radars, the cruiser detection system includes the SPS-49 auxiliary station. Two-coordinate L-band surveillance radar with a rotating parabolic antenna. Currently recognized as completely obsolete, there is a project to replace it with the SPQ-9B (Back-to-Back Slotted Array) radar with two HEADLIGHTS operating in the centimeter range. The appearance of this device promises to "cure" one of the main shortcomings of the Ticonderoga - the problem of detecting low-flying targets.
The cruiser's anti-aircraft arsenal is located in the bow and stern launchers of the MK.41 type, the number and type of missiles vary depending on the task. Theoretically, the cruiser is capable of carrying up to a hundred anti-aircraft missiles (with the possibility of maintaining moderate versatility by placing Tomahawk and ASROK in the remaining mines of the Kyrgyz Republic).
The nose group of the UVP is visible
Ammunition includes the following types of ammunition:
- SAM family "Standard". The latest modifications of the RIM-156 SM-2ER and RIM-174 ERAM (with an active air-to-air head) are capable, in theory, of intercepting targets at a distance of 240 km from the ship;
- exotic RIM-161 "Standard-3", whose intercept height extends beyond the stratosphere. The SM-3 is focused exclusively on missile defense missions and is not designed against "ordinary" aerodynamic targets. The scheme implements kinetic interception (direct hit on the target). External illumination for space purposes is not required (and impossible) - the SPY-1 radar takes the missile to a given area of space, then the SM-3 orients itself using an infrared seeker;
- medium / short range anti-aircraft missile RIM-162 ESSM with an effective range of 50 km. Optimized for the interception of high-speed low-flying targets (anti-ship missiles). Due to the unusual layout and the presence of a deflectable thrust vector, the ESSM is capable of performing maneuvers with overloads up to 50g. Missiles are stored on board the cruiser, four in one launch cell.
The near line of defense is formed by two Phalanx anti-aircraft guns. The main advantage of automatic anti-aircraft guns is the presence of its own radar and complete independence from other ship systems (except for power supply). Disadvantage (inherent to all such systems): there is a threat that in a real battle the Phalanx will be useless. The fragments of missiles shot down in the near zone will fly by inertia and mortally cripple the ship.
As a “last chance” weapon, there are 70 sets of Stinger MANPADS on board.
General conclusions: due to the selected range and power of the radar, the Ticonderoga air defense system is ideally suited for intercepting targets in the upper atmosphere. At the same time, there is a whole range of problems with the interception of low-flying targets.
However ... More effective air defense of the near zone compared to Ticonderoga is available only to Zamvolt and several European and Japanese destroyers.
ASW defense
The cruiser has a full range of anti-submarine weapons that are traditionally installed on board large surface ships. It consists of:
Active under-keel sonar type AN/SQS-53;
- towed low-frequency antenna TACTAS;
- two anti-submarine helicopters of the SH-60 family;
- anti-submarine missiles RUM-139 ASROC-VL - max. the firing range is 22 km, the warhead is a small-sized deep-sea torpedo MK.54;
- two torpedo tubes for launching small-sized torpedoes (caliber 324 mm). Purpose - the fight against submarines in the immediate vicinity of the ship.
PLO is a network task, it cannot be solved by one ship. In this sense, the Ticonderoga is an important component of the order's anti-submarine defense.
strike weapons
MK.41 launch silos can accommodate . As in the case of anti-aircraft ammunition, it is impossible to establish the exact number of SLCMs on board the cruiser, it varies, depending on the tasks assigned.
In the course of combat use, cases were recorded when cruisers fired 40 ... 50 cruise missiles in one night. Obviously, their number can become even greater due to the reduction or complete abandonment of anti-aircraft ammunition.
Also on board are eight Harpoon anti-ship missiles (located in the stern, launched from an inclined Mk.141 mount). The scale allocated for this weapon indicates its secondary importance. The Ticonderogi are not going to engage in combat with a surface enemy, relying entirely on aircraft and submarines. The Yorktown cruiser used its anti-ship missiles only once - against a Libyan speedboat, and, as usual, with an unclear result.
At present, with a change in the tactics of using the fleet and the transition to the formation of multi-purpose battle groups, it became necessary to equip cruisers with full-fledged anti-ship weapons. This weapon will be the promising AGM-158 LRASM. A stealthy anti-ship missile of a new generation, combining new technologies, the moderate size and versatility of the Harpoon with the range and warhead power of heavy Soviet missiles.
Aviation armament
In stormy weather, the Ticonderoga has one subtle but extremely important advantage over any other cruiser or destroyer. Its helipad is located in the middle part of the ship - where the oscillation amplitude is smaller during pitching.
To facilitate the landing and movement of helicopters on the deck in stormy weather, all cruisers are standardly equipped with the RAST system.
There is a hangar designed for two anti-submarine helicopters of the SH-60 Sea Hawk family.
Up to 40 small-sized anti-submarine torpedoes, Penguin light anti-ship missiles, NURS units and ammunition for aircraft guns are stored in the cellar of aviation weapons.
Artillery and auxiliary weapons
The cruisers are armed with two universal 127 mm MK.45 cannons. A compact artillery system with nothing outstanding characteristics. 16-20 shots per minute, firing range 13 miles (24 km). Due to the low power of 5 '' shells, it is only suitable for firing at Iranian corvettes and finishing off "wounded animals".
Artillery fire is corrected according to the AN / SPQ-9 radar.
After the incident with the EM "Cole", a pair of 25 mm automatic "Bushmasters" appeared on board the cruisers to fire at the fast terrorist boats.
EW facilities
On board there is a standard electronic warfare system for all American ships for conducting electronic reconnaissance and suppressing missile guidance systems SLQ-32 with a maximum radiation power of 1 megawatt (antenna devices are mounted on two "balconies" in the central part of the superstructure).
There is a system for shooting chaff MK.36 SRBOC and a towed anti-torpedo trap ("rattle") SLQ-25 "Nixie" (released overboard through the hatches in the stern of the ship). Taking into account the results of clashes at sea over the past half century, it is the electronic warfare equipment that is the "insurance policy" and the most effective means of protection on board the ship.
There is nothing else on board the cruiser that is worth talking about.
The ending
There are currently 22 cruisers in the US Navy. of this type . Despite the obvious dilapidation, the Yankees are in no hurry to abandon the Ticonderoga. The cruiser surpasses modern destroyers in all the most significant aspects by 25% (number of radars, ammunition load, autonomy, presence of a flagship command post).
"Ticonderogi" still play the role of leaders in the air defense security of ship formations and aircraft carrier groups. The complete decommissioning of ships of this type is scheduled only for the end of the 2020s. At the same time, according to the military, an adequate replacement is not visible to them, and the terms can be shifted “to the right” for another decade.
Target sinking of decommissioned cruiser Valley Forge
Considered as a platform for the Aegis anti-aircraft missile system of the zonal air defense at the lowest cost for construction in in large numbers, the Ticonderoga class is based on the hull of the popular Spruence-class destroyer. The initial plans were to build 30 units, but then this figure was reduced to 27. The hull and layout of the machine mechanisms are analogous to the basic Spruence class, but the greater displacement led to a noticeable decrease in speed. In this regard, some criticism was expressed regarding the maximum displacement of the ship, but tests of the lead ship Ticonderoga (CG47) in 1983 showed that its stability was sufficient.
The basis of the ship is the Aegis computerized zonal air defense system, which has a SPY-1A radar station with two pairs of phased array antennas, capable of both controlling its aircraft and simultaneously providing observation, detection and tracking of targets throughout the upper hemisphere above and around ship. The missiles used - "Standard" SM2-ER on two Mk 26 launchers are considered an effective means of countering massive attacks by highly maneuverable aircraft interacting with high-altitude and low-altitude anti-ship missiles launched both from the surface and from under water, in conditions of intense electronic warfare. From the sixth ship, two Mk 26 launchers and their magazines for ammunition will be replaced by two vertical Mk 41 launchers, designed to accommodate 122 Tomahawk, Harpoon, Standard SM2-ER missiles and anti-submarine missiles instead of 104 missiles, which carried the first ships. The last ship in the class, the Shiloh, was commissioned in 1994. The Princeton was badly damaged by an Iraqi mine during the Gulf War in 1991.
The performance characteristics of the cruiser "Ticonderoga"
- Displacement, t: full 9600;
- Dimensions, m: length 172.8; width 16.8; draft 9.5;
- Main power plant: four gas turbine units LM 2500 from General Electric, operating on two shafts, power, l. With. (kW): 80,000 (59,655);
- Travel speed, knots: 30;
- Airplane: two SH-2D Seasprite or SH-60B Seahawk multipurpose helicopters;
- Armament: two eight-shot launchers with 16 Harpoon anti-ship missiles, two twin launchers for the Standard SM2-ER anti-aircraft guided missile and ASROC anti-submarine missiles (ammunition load, respectively, 68 missiles and 20 missiles), two single-barreled 127-mm artillery mounts, two 20 -mm anti-aircraft artillery self-defense systems "Phalanx", two three-tube torpedo tubes Mk 32 caliber 324 mm with ammunition 14 Mk46 torpedoes;
- Electronics: two combined phased antenna arrays SPY-1A "Aegis", a radar station for detecting air targets SPS-49, a radar station for detecting a surface (ground) target SPS-10, a fire control system SPQ-9A system, four radar stations SPG-62 fire control systems for the Standard anti-aircraft guided missile, one set of SLQ-32 radio reconnaissance equipment, four Mk 36 Super RBOC launchers for setting chaff, NAVSAT satellite navigation system, one SQS-23 sonar station, SQR-sonar station 19 with towed antenna array, SATCOMM satellite communication system;
- Crew, people: 360.
The Ticonderoga-class ships are a type of missile cruiser in service with the US Navy. Warships of this class were the first in the US Navy to be equipped with the Aegis combat information and control system.
An order from the Navy for the construction of the lead ship was received in 1978, and the ship was originally laid down as a URO, but on January 1, 1980, even before the launch was completed, due to more advanced capabilities, it received a different classification - URO cruiser. When developing design and technical documentation for a cruiser of the class " Ticonderoga"the hull of a class destroyer" was used Spruance».
This class has a characteristic hull with a forecastle extended into the stern, passing through 2/3 of the entire length of the cruiser, the bow, and also the transom stern. The contours of the cruiser hull are designed in such a way that the design helps to reduce the amplitude of the roll and pitch, and also slightly reduces water resistance. Taking into account the experience of operating destroyers of the class " Spruance» The total length of the ship was increased by 1.1 meters on the cruiser, where a special 1.4 m high bulwark was installed to reduce the impact of waves in stormy conditions, and also protects bow artillery installations and missile launchers. Chimneys are spaced along the sides and length cruisers. Lattice masts are located behind the wheelhouse and in the middle part of the superstructure.
To the characteristics cruisers class " Ticonderoga"we can attribute the presence of fin stabilizers and the ability of these ships to go for a long time at a speed of at least 20 knots with sea waves of 7 balls.
In the construction of cruisers of this class, durable materials were widely used, such as aluminum alloys, plastic, wear-resistant coatings and the like.
Cellars for storing ammunition are protected by 25 mm steel plates. The most vital parts of the superstructure are also additionally protected in the form of honeycomb panels. The upper deck of the cruiser has a vinyl covering.
In comparison with other projects of the ships of the American fleet on cruisers class "Ticonderoga" the area of \u200b\u200bliving premises, which are located in the middle part of the building, is slightly increased. American shipbuilders also provided facilities for outdoor activities and sports.
All cruisers « Ticonderoga» adapted for operations in the conditions of the use of weapons of mass destruction. Why are there no portholes in the hull and superstructure. All interior spaces equipped with an air conditioning system.
The cruiser is equipped with belt conveyors for transferring various cargoes from the upper to the lower decks and transferring them to the compartments. One of these devices provides horizontal movement of goods through the entire length of the ship. The bow and stern of the cruiser are equipped with posts for receiving cargo delivered by helicopters.
Another distinctive feature of this project is the use of a modular design of devices, which makes it possible to use the method of aggregate replacement of equipment and put into operation in the shortest possible time. various systems ship by the forces and means of the ship's personnel.
Ticonderoga-class cruisers
cruiser «Philippine Sea» (CG 58) in Sevastopol
cruiser USS Lake Champlain
cruiser USS Monterey (CG 61)
127 mm automatic gun Mk 45
compare the hulls of two ships: the destroyer Spruance and the cruiser Ticonderoga
a little about the missile armament of the Ticonderoga cruiser
In the period from 2000 to 2011, all cruisers of the class " Ticonderoga"were upgraded weapons. got the opportunity to use RIM-161 interceptor missiles " Standard Missile 3", which, using the guidance system, attack atmospheric targets at a distance of up to 500 km at an altitude of 160 km, and the event that took place on February 21, 2008 was a vivid example of this. For the first time in the history of the fleet from a cruiser USS Lake Erie"With the help of such a missile, the unguided satellite USA-193 was successfully intercepted at a distance of 275 km.
On the first five missile cruisers of the class " Ticonderoga"housed conventional double-beam universal launchers for launching anti-ship missiles of the" Harpoon", anti-aircraft " standard"and anti-submarine" ASROC ". However, in 1986, vertical missile launchers with container cells entered service with the US Navy. The use of this complex made it possible to increase the survivability of the installation, increase the ammunition and range of launched missiles, and also reduce the counterattack time. Typical loading of the installation of vertical launch of missiles on the sixth and subsequent cruisers of the class " Ticonderoga» next: 26 cruise missiles « Tomahawk", 16 ASROC anti-submarine guided missiles and 80 anti-aircraft guided missiles" Standard 2"- a total of 122 missiles in two modules.
A total of 27 URO cruisers of this class were built. Nineteen cruisers of this project were built at the shipyard " Ingalls Shipbuilding", and eight - at the enterprise" Bath Iron Works”, USA. Four of them are cruisers USS Yorktown», « USS Vincennes», « USS Valley Forge», « USS Thomas S. Gates"have already been withdrawn from the American fleet, and are preparing for disposal, and the lead ship" USS Ticonderoga” will become a floating museum ship, as an agreement was recently reached with the US government.
« USS Ticonderoga” as a maritime museum will be installed in the city of Pascagoula, Mississippi. The cost of all work, including preparatory repairs, preparation of the berth, towing and installation of the ship, is estimated at $17 million.
All cruisers except " USS Thomas S. Gates” are named after significant events associated with America during the Second World War.
Technical characteristics of the USS Ticonderoga missile cruiser:
Displacement - 9800 tons;
Length - 172.8 m;
Width - 16.8 m;
Draft - 10.2 m;
Power plant - four gas turbines type LM2500 "General Electric"
Power - 80000 l. With.;
Travel speed - 32.5 knots;
Cruising range - 6000 miles at a speed of 20 knots;
Crew - 387 people;
Armament:
Artillery mounts Mk45 127 mm - 2;
Missile armament: Tomahawk missiles - 26, ASROC anti-submarine guided missiles - 16, Standard 2 anti-aircraft missiles - 80. Total ammunition - 122 missiles;
Anti-aircraft installations "Phalanx" 20 mm - 2;
Anti-aircraft installations Mk38 25 mm - 2;
Machine gun 12.7 mm - 2;
Torpedo tubes 324 mm - 2 (three-pipe);
Helicopters "Sikorsky" SH-60B or MH-60R "Seahawk" - 2;
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Ticonderoga-class cruisers were conceived as a relatively inexpensive carrier modern means Air defense, suitable for mass construction, but over time they have become perhaps the most advanced warships of our time. The project of these ships was created on the basis of the hull of the Spruence-class destroyer, so the lead ship, the Ticonderoga, was originally considered a destroyer, but in 1980 it was reclassified as a cruiser and received tail number CG 47. The plans provided for the construction of 28 such ships, then the administration Reagan increased this number to 30, but later reduced it to 27. The Ticonderoga cruiser entered the fleet in 1983, and the last ship of the type, Port Royal, in 1994.
These cruisers were the first warships to be equipped with the AEGIS multifunctional weapon system, the most advanced air defense system in the world. The basis of this system is the SPY-1A radar with four phased antenna arrays, which is capable of automatically detecting and tracking targets at a distance of more than 300 km.
The main purpose of the AEGIS system is to repel a missile attack on a US Navy ship group using air defense and electronic warfare systems. The system is capable of simultaneously tracking the movement of friendly aircraft, detecting, identifying and tracking air targets in the upper hemisphere, as well as aiming air defense systems at them. In addition, on the basis of the system, a command center of the unified air defense system of a ship group can be created.
The first five cruisers were equipped with two twin launchers Mk 26 SAM "Standard" SM-2MR, which were supposed to ensure the defeat of aircraft and various cruise missiles during massive raids in conditions active use electronic warfare facilities.
Starting with the Bunker Hill cruiser (CG 52), instead of the Mk 26 launchers and their charging magazines, the Mk 41 UVPs were installed. In 127 cells of two UVPs on each ship, the Standard SAM, the Harpoon anti-ship missile, the ASROC PLUR and the Tomahawk missile launcher are located ”, which allows the ship to hit air, surface, ground and underwater targets.
Cruisers of the Ticonderoga type are designed to protect aircraft carrier and amphibious assault groups, as well as to conduct independent operations. Over the past twenty-odd years, they have taken part in all US Navy operations, including two wars against Iraq, as well as bombardments of Yugoslavia and Afghanistan with Tomahawk missiles.
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