How to make a trout pond. Trout breeding. You can also watch a video about artificial breeding of trout

More and more fish lovers want to breed trout at home. Its value in the market is very high, and the demand is maintained all year round. Trout buyers are restaurant owners and simply lovers of delicious, delicious fish. Successful Entrepreneurs managed to build a prosperous business in the sale of products, as the demand for trout is only increasing every year. Breeding trout at home for beginners is a hot topic, which you can figure out on the page of our website.

Everyone can grow trout on their own in a pond

Gourmets know how tasty, healthy, but at the same time expensive trout is. Not everyone can catch fish in natural conditions, and if you do this, then you need a lot of time and expensive equipment. You can fix the situation by buying fish in the store. However, it can be grown independently in a pond, directly at home. At first glance, this may seem like an incredible idea. But this is an erroneous opinion.

According to the reviews of trout breeders, it is a profitable and quickly paid off occupation. It is difficult for beginners only in the first few years, as you need to be patient and learn a lot of new information. With experience, raising trout at home begins to bring real pleasure, as it is enough an exciting activity. On the territory of our country, two types of trout are grown at home:

Stream fish in natural conditions lives in cold mountain rivers, which later flow into the sea. With proper breeding, one individual in the 3rd year of life reaches 500 gr. However, it can take several years for the fish to grow to this size. For the first 3 years, trout in an artificial reservoir will not spawn. In the 4th year, spawning will begin in autumn, which will lead to a significant increase in the number of fish in the pond.

Breeding rainbow trout is more difficult, as it requires capturing females, squeezing the eggs, and manually fertilizing them to breed. This process is quite complex and requires careful handling of the fish. For those who do not have the skills to fertilize trout, it is recommended to buy fry and launch them into the reservoir for further rearing.

Pictured is a brook trout

For breeding trout at home use:

1. Reservoirs: artificial or natural.
2. Cages - frames different sizes that float in a pond, but are anchored. Up to 100 fish per square meter are grown in the cage. meter. You can place the garden in any body of water.
3. Pools. They are made for breeding fish from propylene. It is important to ensure constant circulation of water in it and active saturation with oxygen.

Breeding trout in a pond: equipment, video

Trout feel comfortable in fresh water, the temperature of which is about +17 degrees. The depth of the pool should be about 2 meters. Artificial reservoirs and pools for trout should be equipped with such devices, namely:

• gas generator to saturate water with oxygen and ozone;
• pump to ensure constant circulation of water;
• cleaning filters;
• hourly feed system.

Given the high cost of equipment, many resort to cage farming of trout. This method requires minimal financial investments, however, without round-the-clock protection of a cage with trout, it is simply impossible to do.

The most valuable and tasty fish is inaccessible to a simple fisherman. Some fishing enthusiasts come up with clever ways to catch delicious fish, spend a lot of money on equipment and a lot of time sitting with a fishing rod near water bodies.

Real fish lovers start salivating at the word trout. Fish is one of the most valuable and its cost in stores is most often sky-high. But there are no unsolvable problems. You can start breeding trout right in the nearest pond. Many years of experience of various trout farms in all corners of Russia shows that this is a very profitable business, despite some difficulties that one has to face in the process of fish farming. There are two types of trout - brook and rainbow trout.

Brook trout

Brook trout lives in cold mountain rivers and in almost all rivers flowing into the Baltic, Caspian and Black Sea. Under natural conditions, the fish reaches 12 kilograms. When breeding such fish, it is worth stocking up on patience, since at the age of 3 years the brook trout reaches only half a kilogram weight, and it begins to spawn only after 4 years of life. It is very simple to determine the process of puberty in males - their jaw is slightly deformed. The spawning process occurs in brook trout in late autumn, from about October to November.

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout prefers the same rivers as the brook trout, feels good in both cold and warm water, only the water temperature in the rivers for ideal living of the fish should not fall below +17 degrees. The name of the trout was due to its iridescent scales. Initially, rainbow trout was found only in the rivers of North America, and in the 20th century it flooded the rivers in the expanses of Russia.

Artificially created reservoirs should carry out an additional supply of oxygen, for this it is enough to organize a constant supply of running water. For breeding in artificial reservoirs, there are some difficulties in reproduction. Trout do not spawn in captivity, so fish farmers have to artificially fertilize the female.

In the feed, trout prefers animal food - all kinds of beetles, dragonflies, caddis flies, mosquito larvae and small frogs. Trout that have grown more than a kilogram will not refuse small fish. Trout gains weight well at positive temperatures. With the onset of cold weather, the ability of fish to grow and develop decreases. For intensive growth of trout throughout the year, care must be taken that the water temperature in the artificial reservoir does not fall below +3 degrees.

Trout can spawn almost all year round. The trout kept in the southern latitudes spawn from the beginning of winter to early spring, while the inhabitants of the northern lands spawn only in the spring. The ideal temperature for spawning trout is + 7-8 degrees.

For breeding, the most successful representatives in the reservoir are selected. They are planted in a separate tank, at the rate of no more than 30 pieces per square meter. meter. When the caviar is ripe, the female is caught and, holding it in a towel carefully, without damaging the fish, the caviar is squeezed out of it into a special container. In the same way, sperm is squeezed out of males. The number of participants of both sexes corresponds to 1:1. Collected in a separate container, caviar with sperm is carefully mixed with a goose feather. After that, it is necessary to fill the resulting mass with water. Fertilization takes up to 5 minutes.

The process of extracting caviar is quite laborious, for the successful production of fertilized eggs, a lot of experience and additional stimulation of females with special preparations are required. For this reason, novice fish farmers are advised to start trout breeding with the purchase of fry. The benefit of buying a fry is obvious, since it can be safely released into a pond with other fish.

Trout breeding is a difficult and time-consuming business, but today it is considered one of the most profitable in the fish niche in Russia.

Related articles on the topic:

A selection of books on breeding trout:

S.N. Alexandrov. Cage fish farming. 2005, 207 pages - The book introduces the methods of breeding especially valuable fish species with the arrangement of cages, the organization of small fish farms for selection and breeding work, and the rearing of fry. Particular attention is paid to the food base and the fight against fish diseases and water pollutants. The book is intended for entrepreneurs of medium business, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in fish farming.

Grimm O.A. - Fish farming (breeding, cultivation and breeding of carp fish, tench, bream, sterlet, trout). 1931.

If you are looking for a niche for your business, scroll through our section "" and "".

Trout meat is dietary and healthy, and also has a high cost. If you want to pamper yourself with fresh fish more often and at the same time not devastate the family budget, you should think about breeding it, especially since such an activity can even be turned into a business. How to breed trout at home - let's try to find out.

Out of more than 20 existing species This fish is suitable for breeding only 2 - brook (pied) and rainbow. They are predators, so they can equally be given as food as dragonflies, beetles, frogs, and small fish species.

Otherwise, they have many differences that should be taken into account when breeding.

The pied beetle can live up to 12 years, and its maximum weight reaches 12 kg. Spawning begins after 3 years. Fertility - 200-1500 eggs, depending on the weight of the female.

The duration of the incubation period varies depending on the temperature:

• +8°С - up to 3 months;
• +2°С - up to 7 months.

Egg incubation takes place in autumn. This species does not grow as fast as the rainbow trout, but it is quite possible to keep them together.

Sexual maturity occurs at the age of 2 years. You can notice this by a wide and clear iridescent strip on the body of the male. Females produce between 800 and 3000 eggs.

Fish do well in cold waters, but in warm water their growth is accelerated. It is optimal to keep at + 14-16 ° С.

Choose subspecies such as Donaldson Trout and Deep Sea Canadian Camloops. They are more prolific than others (by 30%), moreover, they grow several times faster.

Choosing a place to grow

You can choose several places for breeding fish - combined methods help to achieve good growth. There can be one container for eggs, cages for young and adult fish, and separate reservoirs for large individuals. Bred in a pond, cages, pools, installations recirculating water supply(USW).

You can use an existing pond or you can build it yourself. The first option is less desirable - it is difficult to maintain ideal conditions for fish breeding there and it is almost impossible to protect the reservoir from poachers.

In a pond where trout is bred, you need to make a current: this will ensure the flow of fresh and cool water. The stagnant water will be saturated with oxygen, and the pond itself will be cleared of food and waste products of the trout.

If you dig a pond yourself, it will be difficult to maintain a temperature there of at least + 2 ° C without special devices, which will slow down the growth of trout. You can check whether this method is profitable after at least 5 years - the fish will already give birth.
Problems can also arise with reproduction - in such conditions, the fish itself does not spawn, so it is necessary to help it with fertilization. Individuals are taken out of the water, then eggs are removed from females and seeds from males, which are then mixed. After 7-10 minutes, fertilization can be considered complete. Caviar ripens in incubators.

The advantage of a home-made pond is that it will not be necessary to spend money on feeding trout: in a natural pond, it will find it itself - it can be beetles, mosquito larvae, dragonflies. It will only be possible to launch inexpensive small fish for feeding.

Population density - up to 30 pieces per 1 cubic meter. m.

This method is considered the most profitable. Cages - a reservoir fenced with a structure made of a metal or dense nylon mesh stretched over stakes. It looks like a big net - a floating mesh bag in a frame.

Such a structure is built in open running waters, in a natural environment. They are different in shape and volume, but not more than 20 m in diameter. It is necessary to make such a room for growing trout at a depth of at least 6 m - from the cage to the bottom it is necessary to leave at least 1 m. You can anchor the structure.
Gardens are:

1. with warm water - automated cages with a volume of not more than 100 cubic meters. m, can be remotely from the coast, use without flow;
2. with cold water - installed on the northern lakes, there are sectional, pontoon and stationary, the volume is not more than 100 cubic meters. m;
3. with sea water - pontoon or automated cages, the volume of which will not exceed 60 cubic meters. m.

Population density - no more than 100 individuals per 1 cubic meter. m.

Important! Sea water is the most favorable for trout breeding: the metabolism in such conditions accelerates, and the fish grows faster.

The most expensive and effective way to breed fish is to install recirculating water supply. It looks like this: in a small pool with special equipment, they create close to natural conditions for the life of trout. The water is constantly filtered and filled with oxygen.

To create an RAS, you need:

• swimming pool;
• filters and biofilters for water;
• denitrification system;
• pumps;
• disinfection systems;
• oxygenator;
• heating systems.

This equipment will ensure the constant circulation of water and its purification. Up to 15% of fresh purified water must be constantly added to each tank. Usually in such systems, the fish are fed with compound feeds, and not with natural food.
You can highlight the advantages of this method of breeding:

• fully controlled process - from the state of the water to the amount of feed;
• ability to support the necessary temperature regime;
• the result is an environmentally friendly product - the conditions of detention do not allow any external pollutants.

Population density - up to 100 pieces per cubic meter. m.

Trout growing technology

Before you start choosing a place to breed fish, you must have permission to create a fish farm in a particular reservoir (if it is an open source). Next, you need to prove that it will not harm the environment.

You will need the following equipment:

• incubation devices;
• automatic feeders;
• aerators and compressor stations;
• oxygen cones;
• filters;
• devices for measuring pH and chlorine in water;
• water purifiers;
• buckets, nets.

Fry are immediately populated in a breeding place - cages, a pond or an ultrasound. When the fish matures for breeding (from 2 years old), the best individuals are selected and transplanted separately into cages - up to 30 pieces per 1 cubic meter. m.
After the caviar in females matures, it is gently squeezed out and mixed with the seed. Before hatching, the eggs are kept in special incubators for up to a month. In the first year of born fry, it is advisable to settle in a separate cage.

Clay dams are created for breeding fish in the pond. To prevent them from being washed away over time, concrete slabs are built around the reservoir. It will also help avoid unwanted water pollution.

Did you know? In hot weather, in its natural habitat, trout can be caught by hand - it falls into a coma.

Regardless of the breeding site, aeration devices will be needed so that there is a constant flow of fresh and cool water. The temperature must be monitored - indicators less than + 2 ° C and more than + 20 ° C for trout can end in death. Therefore, it is important to provide a reservoir with heaters.

It is better to buy fry at the age of 1 year, then the probability that a predator will eat it is reduced by 90%. When buying, keep in mind that up to 10% of the fry will die during the growing process, and the rest will reach a weight of about 500 g in a few years.

It is better to buy them on fish farms: there you can see in what conditions they keep and what they feed the fry. After consulting with experienced breeders, you can learn the intricacies of growing this fish and ask for advice to get more profit.

At least 100 fry are purchased at once, an adult formed individual can be caught no earlier than after 4-5 years.

The fry should be active, with an appetite - you can see this just by watching them on a fish farm. Babies should be kept in water from +10° to +14°C.

The chemical composition of water

Pay attention to:

• oxygen- the normal rate is 7-11 mg / l: the smaller the individuals, the greater the rate; in the aeration column, adjust the level of water saturation with oxygen to 95%;
• pH, or concentration of ions in water- the optimal indicator is from 6.5 to 8, when it falls, the trout stops breeding, and when it rises to 9, it may die;
• carbon dioxide- no more than 25 mg/l;
• ammonia- 0.1 mg/l;
• rigidity- 8-12: can be increased by adding lime;
• nitrates- concentration from 100 mg/l is already toxic for trout;
• chlorine- it should be no more than 0.01 mg/l.

Feeding

The growth rate, the color of the meat and its taste qualities depend on the nutrition of the fish. The meat of trout grown on organic feed will be juicier and tastier, and not dry. When cataxanthin is added to the diet, fish meat acquires a rich red color.

They start feeding individuals even with larvae - they prepare zooplankton with egg yolk and spleen for them. When they grow up to fry, they prepare mash for them: this is a grated spleen, meat and fish meal and fish oil.
Diet - up to 9 times a day. For a thousand individuals, 90 g of feed is needed. For artificial nutrition with feed, you can choose a special one for this category. Compound feed can be floating and sinking.

adult

Dry or live food is suitable for this group. Their combination in the ratio of 40% to 60% is possible. You can feed with ground meat and offal of animals, fish waste, shrimp, mollusks, beetles, insects. Fiber is not absorbed in the body of a trout, but it is suitable for loosening feed.

Temperature regime

Sudden fluctuations can harm trout, so it's best to keep the temperature steady. In winter, it is difficult to heat water in natural reservoirs, so it is better to temporarily move the fish to the UZD, where the temperature will be from + 14 ° C - it should gradually rise from the figure that was in the natural reservoir.

Caviar ripens at +6-12°C, fry are comfortable at +10-14°C, adults function well at temperatures up to +16°C.

Care

For fast and high-quality growth of fish you need:

• maintain water aeration, normal temperature;
• purify water on an ongoing basis (with filters);
• weaker and smaller fish are better to be resettled; also, with separate additional feeding, they will grow faster;
• check water indicators with special devices (acidity, pH, salinity, presence of nitrates, chlorine);
• to relocate the best individuals during spawning for artificial insemination.

Did you know? Trout moves almost twice as fast as other freshwater fish - it can reach a speed of 16 km / h.

With proper care, you can observe the following growth rates in rainbow trout:

• fry the first year weigh up to 30 g;
• from a year the fish gains up to 125 g;
• from 2 years - about 200 g.

For brook trout:

• one year old weighs up to 25 g;
• two year old- 150-170 g;
• at three years old- up to 500 g.

The following factors can lead to diseases:

• dense placement of fish in the reservoir;
• buying already sick fry;
• wrong conditions.

Important! In case of any manifestation of the disease, the fish should be quarantined, separately from healthy individuals.

If improperly fed, diseases of the liver and stomach are possible, therefore, fish should not be fed with stale food, feed with cottonseed meal in the composition, and it is also not recommended to exceed the required amount.

Infectious diseases can be expressed in a change in the color of the fish (the scales brighten), slowness, and refusal to eat. Such individuals are immediately visible among the rest, and they must be removed to avoid infection.
For the prevention of diseases you need:

• feed quality granular or live food;
• sort fish by age and remove small individuals, as they are weaker;
• measure water temperature at least 3 times a day;
• control the process of water purification and aeration;
• do 2-3 times a year chemical analysis water;
• when transporting or purchasing new fry, the fish must be quarantined for some time.

Is it possible to switch to salt water

In salt water, trout grows much faster, and the taste of its meat also improves. If initially fish breeding was started in fresh water, then the transition to salt water should occur gradually.

The young growth normally functions at a rate of 3 to 9 ppm fish, from 2 years old it is already possible to live in water with a salinity index of 12-15. Fresh water is changed to salt water no more than 1 liter at a time so that the fish can adapt to the change.

Common Mistakes

Inexperienced fish farmers make the following mistakes:

• they let trout breeding go by itself - they don’t do water tests, don’t measure temperature, don’t carry out cleaning;
• buy cheap feed - this can lead to the loss of up to 50% of individuals;
• save on the volume of reservoirs - you need to adhere to the norms of fish population density for each of options breeding;
• savings on equipment;
• purchase of fry from unauthorized farms.

Video: how to grow trout in 3 ways

We have found that trout farming is a laborious and expensive process. But after 5 years, you can make a profit from grown individuals. In addition, this occupation can be cyclical if trout are artificially propagated.

Was this article helpful?

Thank you for your opinion!

Write in the comments what questions you did not receive an answer to, we will definitely respond!

102 times already
helped

The last decade has been marked by a growing interest in fisheries. Many small businesses are successfully breeding various kinds fish in leased ponds. Among the valuable species of salmon that can be bred artificially, trout is among the first. This fish, which has dietary meat with a delicate taste, is also considered an environmentally friendly product, is in great demand among buyers. Therefore, trout farming is becoming more and more common and very profitable business.

The classification of trout is difficult for a number of reasons and it is conditionally divided into two types: brook and rainbow. In fish farms, breeding of rainbow trout is most often carried out, which is possible not only in cold flowing channels, but also in warm water bodies. Large tracts of land are not required to grow this type of fish. The only condition for its successful withdrawal and growth is clean and oxygenated water, with sufficient transparency and illumination.

Trout breeding has its own distinctive feature: incubation of eggs and growth of juveniles occurs only at a constant water temperature. The optimum temperature is from 15 to 18 degrees. In this case, in the presence of natural food, the trout grows constantly: underyearlings reach 30 grams of weight, one-year-olds already 100-120 grams, and two-year-olds can weigh more than 200 grams.

With a fairly good fecundity of females (from 800 to 3000 eggs), trout breeding is possible only by forced fertilization of eggs, since trout does not lay eggs in artificial reservoirs. The process of insemination is as follows: in mature females, eggs are decanted into a large container. Then comes the turn of "milking" of male producers. The milk obtained as a result of this process is thoroughly mixed with caviar in a dry or semi-dry way. If caviar is mixed with sperm already diluted in water, then this is a semi-dry method of fertilization. In the dry method, the products of insemination are first mixed, and only then water is added to this mass, and again subjected to stirring.

Artificially fertilized eggs are sent to the hatchery. In addition to eggs, hatched larvae are also contained there. When the larvae grow to fry, they, like the producers during spawning, are transplanted. They do the same with commercial trout. The further method of cultivation depends on the chosen method: in pools or cages.

With the first method, the best result is achieved, since this is an option for intensive cultivation (production yield is more than 75 kg per 1 cubic meter). However, it is extremely labor intensive. Water change at this method produced every 10-15 minutes, and its consumption is about 50 liters per minute, based on 1 thousand heads of trout. At the same time, the stocking density of commercial trout is about 300-350 specimens per cubic meter, and fry weighing 1 gram - from 2000 to 5000 specimens per cubic meter.

The second method, rearing trout in cages, is simpler. Individuals are placed in nylon or metal nets, in which they grow. At the same time, the permissible density of commercial trout should not exceed 250 specimens per cubic meter of water. Twice a season, juveniles are sorted in cages.

This method requires special attention for compliance with sanitary standards of water, since the risk of death of the fish stock as a result of its pollution increases.

Subject to all technological and sanitary and hygienic standards, trout breeding is a well-paid business. Its productivity (per 1 cubic meter) when growing juveniles in natural conditions of water bodies reaches 25-35, in cages - 30-35, and in pools 50-75 kilograms.

In total, there are more than two dozen species of trout, but two species are mainly used for industrial and domestic fish farming: brook trout (pied) and rainbow trout.

1) Brook trout.

Lives in rivers connected with the Azov, Black, White, Caspian and Baltic seas. Differs in dietary meat with high palatability, has high value.

In nature, it lives exclusively in cold water bodies - forest and mountain streams. Brook trout needs a very good supply of oxygen to the reservoir.

The name of the fish was due to its specific color. The original habitat is North America. This trout also prefers cold waters, but can also live in warm ponds (provided that oxygen requirements are met). For growing rainbow trout, the optimum temperature is + 16-18 ° C.
Some varieties of rainbow trout have especially high growth abilities, 2-2.5 times higher than their counterparts.

What is the technology of growing trout?

First you need to choose a reservoir in which the fish will be kept. To do this, it is not enough just to organize such a reservoir, you need to check its hydrochemical and biogeological parameters, which only specialists can do.
In addition, you need to obtain permission to use the reservoir and the surrounding land, and confirm that it does not pose a threat to the environment.

For use cages, pools, ponds.

1) Breeding trout in cages.

- a floating frame with a fine mesh (6 mm) mesh, fixed on the shore or with anchors. The depth of the cage varies from 2 to 6 meters, between the bottom of the cage and the bottom of the reservoir 1-1.5 meters. The population density of fish in the cage is up to 100 pieces per 1 m³. Trout cages can be placed not only in ponds, but also in rivers, reservoirs, and even in the seas.

When using sea water for growing trout, it is possible to increase its growth rate by accelerating metabolism (first of all, protein metabolism is intensified). But it must be taken into account that trout transfer from fresh water in salt water should not be sharp - this should be done gradually, adding sea water in small portions so that the fish have time to adapt. With age, the tolerance of trout to salt water increases.

2) Breeding trout in ponds.

At the age of 1 year, young trout in the amount of 500-1000 pieces are launched into the pond. But it must be taken into account that trout do not breed in ponds. Artificial insemination is used for reproduction of fish. Brood stock is usually kept in ponds, separate reservoirs are allocated for replacement young stock 2-3 years old. Feeding is organized so that at least 50% is natural food.

A complete fish farm includes a hatchery, fry pools, ponds for adult fish, feed stores, freezers for fish products, and other necessary technical buildings.

Large-sized trout, which are grown for balyk production, are mostly kept in cages and ponds, sometimes in high pools. Growing trout in pools requires additional investments in appropriate equipment.

Water temperature for keeping trout: +16-18°С, spawning temperature is +4-11°С. Readiness for breeding appears in fish at the age of 2 to 5 years, usually by three years. The main number of breeding fish are individuals 3-7 years old with a mass of at least 400 g, active and mobile, with a bright color. Its reproductive qualities depend on the weight and age of the trout. If the breeding cycles are correctly calculated, then spawning can be carried out all year round.

For trout, the production of caviar is carried out artificially.
Breeding trout are kept in separate cages with a density of 25-30 pieces per 1 m³. For artificial insemination, fish are caught, use drugs, then eggs are taken from females, sperm from males and mixed in a basin, after which water is added, and after 3-5 minutes the eggs become fertilized. The norms of high-quality caviar are as follows: 3-5.3 mm in diameter (unfertilized), the number is from 1300 to 4000 pieces per individual.

How and what can you feed trout?

When growing trout at home, nutrition is different from natural. In nature, trout is a predator, eats small fish, and some species - insects and other river animals.

In the fish industry, feeding of trout larvae should be started with live zooplankton with the addition of pureed egg yolk and spleen. The fry are given a mix of ground spleen tissue, meat and bone and meat and fish meal and fish oil.
Adult fish eat food of animal origin, fish and meat products, including live food. For this purpose, both meat and individual organs of farm animals are used, as well as intestines, liver, meat waste, fish and fish production waste, shrimp, silkworm pupae, whey, milk, bird eggs, shellfish, insects and more. Fiber and other vegetable additives are not absorbed by trout, but are used to loosen the feed mass.

There are dry compound feeds for trout, taking into account age and productive groups: for larvae, for adult fish, for breeding stock, etc. Compound feed is divided into sinking and floating.

It should be borne in mind that the taste of meat in trout, which feeds on fish and meat, differs from the taste of that grown on dry feed.

The color of trout meat also depends on nutrition - a reddish color appears when a special feed additive, cataxanthin, is added.

The trout diet is compiled taking into account its need for high-grade proteins and the conditions of keeping (the intensity of the digestive system of the fish depends on its age and the temperature of the water in which it is contained).

What equipment for trout farming might be needed?

It will depend on the method of keeping and growing, as well as on technical parameters fisheries. It can be incubators and racks, feeders and automatic feeders, various types of aerators and compressor stations, oxygen cones, drum filters, pH meters and chlorine meters, sterilizers and water purifiers, boats, basins and buckets, as well as all kinds of pools and trays.

You can also watch a video about artificial breeding of trout