Do-it-yourself coal dust briquetting machines. Screw press, screw granulator, briquette press, sawdust press, fuel briquette press, briquetting. Pressing crushed coal and coal dust

Increasingly, people are buying solid fuel stoves and boilers. It's all about the ever-increasing cost utilities for heating. And the lucky ones living in private homes can refuse central heating, and go not just to heating system, and use heating, which does not depend on gas and electricity. However, for such devices you need to buy fuel, the types of which are huge. To make it easier for you to choose the best option, we will tell you about such a type of fuel as coal briquettes.

What are coal briquettes

There are many types of fuel for home heating. Previously, firewood was the most popular option, and then fuel briquettes began to appear. This material gradually began to displace ordinary firewood from use.

Their main advantage is the ability to manufacture from a variety of waste. This not only reduces the cost of such materials, but also does not harm nature so much. Also pressed briquettes burn longer and have a high efficiency.

Various materials are pressed into briquettes. Wood waste, agricultural waste and coal, or rather its dust. Such coal briquettes burn without waste and at the same time have a high efficiency.

Briquetted coal was already in use at the end of the nineteenth century. Then such fuel was made from charcoal waste: its defective particles and dust. To fasten the elements together, resin and a mechanical press were used.

Coal briquettes, which are made in our time, have a similar production technology. However, the briquetting of charcoal waste is mostly chaotic. Such fuel is produced by small enterprises.

What is added to bind coal waste in our time:

1. Usually the adhesion of raw materials occurs due to bituminous additives. However, such components emit substances harmful to health when burned.
2. Another way is to bond coal particles with polyethylene. However, such pressed coal is also harmful to health.
3. The safest is coal, which is fastened with PVA glue. This substance is absolutely harmless, but in this case, production has a higher cost.

Safe coal production technology is used only by a small part of manufacturers. Therefore, you need to be very careful about such fuel.

Advantages of coal in briquettes

A boiler for heating a house can work on different materials. Charcoal briquettes are not the most common option. However, it is quite promising, especially if its production reaches a higher quality level.

Coal in briquettes is not used for barbecues, barbecues and stoves. It can release carcinogens and has a high combustion temperature that can ruin such structures.

The advantages that pressed charcoal briquettes have are undeniable. Due to this, this material of dubious quality is used to heat the house.

Advantages of coal briquettes:

1. Charcoal briquettes burn for a long time and generate a lot of heat. Therefore, they are economical and popular.
2. The use of such fuel is popular because its briquettes are of the same size. This allows for even heat distribution.
3. In addition to the fact that briquettes burn twice as long as firewood, they are also quite light and compact. Thanks to this, fuel takes up half the space.
4. High-quality coal briquettes do not emit carbon monoxide. This makes them safe to use, provided you have a good ventilation system in your home.
5. Such briquettes emit more heat than wood, coal from wood and stone.
6. During transportation and use, fuel coal briquettes do not crumble. Therefore, they do not generate dust and do not pollute the room in which they are stored.
7. If you learn how to kindle them correctly, then you will need only 15 minutes for such a procedure.

Such advantages make charcoal an excellent fuel for boilers. If this product starts to be produced in accordance with all safety requirements, then in the future it can become very popular.

Types of coal briquettes for heating

When burning ordinary coal, a lot of dust remains in the fireplace. The burner in the boiler may become clogged. That is why coal has not found its full-fledged application in heating apartments.

Since the quality and safety of coal directly depend on its composition, it is very important to pay enough attention to this factor. You can ask the seller for a quality certificate or contact the manufacturer for a presentation of the production process and see the equipment and raw materials for its production. However, it is best to make such fuel at home with your own hands.

The type of pressed coal fuel is of great importance. They are divided into classes according to several parameters. Let's see which ones.

According to what parameters is pressed coal divided into classes:

• Of primary importance is the material from which the fuel is produced;
• The shape of coal briquettes is only a matter of appearance;
• The environmental friendliness of compressed coal fuel depends on its bonding material;
• The type of packaging is responsible for the safety of raw materials.

The most important value in the classification of pressed coal fuel is played by the type of raw material itself. It is he who determines the characteristics and cost of briquettes. In total, there are three types of raw materials used to create coal briquettes. Let's see what.

Types of coal briquettes:

1. Brown coal has the lowest price. For the manufacture of briquettes from it, dust and small particles are used. It has the lowest calorie content.
2. The second most expensive charcoal. However, its calorie content is lower than that of brown coal. It is made from recycled wood.
3. Anthracite is the highest quality and high-calorie coal. It produces the highest quality briquettes. However, they have the highest cost.

It is necessary to choose coal briquettes proceeding from their raw materials and the fastening material. It is these parameters that determine the safety and quality of fuel.

Coal briquetting technology

You can make coal briquettes for yourself at home. In this case, you do not even need expensive equipment. To do this, you will only have to find forms and purchase the raw materials themselves.

How to make charcoal briquettes at home:

• Mix one part of dry clay with ten parts of coal dust;
• Stirring constantly, add water until the desired consistency is obtained;
• Spread the mixture into molds and leave to dry completely.

Of course, such material will be inferior in quality to coal briquettes prepared using special equipment. But for home heating, they will fit perfectly.

What are coal briquettes used for (video)

Coal fuel briquettes is a fuel that will take first place in terms of popularity in the future. However, now its production is at a dubious level. Therefore, many avoid its use.

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Our company produces a whole line of screw (extruder) presses of the PBE series of different power and productivity. Depending on the type of raw materials, the size and capacity of the equipment, the productivity can reach 10 tons. finished products per hour per press. It should be noted that with the help of presses of this design, it is possible to briquet almost any fine-grained and bulk materials, if binder additives are used in the preparation of the raw mixture, which, after drying and cooling, determine the quality, strength and resistance of the resulting briquette to external influences.

But there is a rather long list of materials and substances that are briquetted in screw presses without any additives. It's just that such materials already contain substances that are released from the material itself and become plastic in the process of strong compression and under the influence of high temperature. They also perform the function of a natural glue that connects the particles of raw materials during the formation of a briquette. Strong compression and high temperature are achieved due to the operation of the screw when raw materials are fed into the cone chamber, where compaction takes place, and then the briquetted mass is extruded through the molding die.

For such materials, the main requirement for obtaining high-quality briquette products is fineness, which is either a natural property of the raw material, or is achieved by grinding and crushing on the appropriate equipment. It is enough to thoroughly mix such fine-grained raw materials with water until a homogeneous plastic mass is obtained and the mixture for briquetting is ready. With the help of PBE presses without the use of binding additives, the manufacturer receives high-quality briquette products from materials such as fossil coal grades B, D, G, Zh, K, peat, hydrolytic lignin, sapropel, animal manure, bird droppings, chalk, lime.

For such production, our company also manufactures all the necessary additional equipment. These are crushers, mixers, dryers, coolers, etc.

screw press	PBE-200	PBE-219	PBE-273	PBE-325	PBE-425
Productivity * , kg/hour	500-800 *	1000-1200 *	1500-2000 *	3000-4000 *	8000-10000 *
Pressing force	up to 10 tons	up to 12 tons	up to 15 tons	up to 20 tons	up to 20 tons
Pressing pressure, kg/cm	275	275	275	275	300
Frequency of rotation of the main screw, rpm	70-75	0-75	0-75	0-75	0-75
Rotation frequency of the prepress screw, rpm	-	0-35,5	0-35,5	0-35,5	0-35,5
Screw speed control **		frequency converter **	frequency converter **	frequency converter **	frequency converter **
Power of the electric motor of the main drive, kW	11	15	22	30	45
Power of the electric motor of the prepresser, kW	-	3	3	3	5
Thermal heater for die, kW	-	2	2	3	4
Cutting mechanism ** , kW	1,1 **	1,1 **	1,1 **	1,1 **	1,1 **
Parameters of the resulting briquette: Density, g/cm3 The size The form	1,1-1,5 arbitrary cylindrical	1,1-1,5 regulated cylindrical	1,1-1,5 regulated cylindrical	1,1-1,5 regulated cylindrical	1,1-1,5 regulated cylindrical
Dimensions, mm	1200x1200x1000	1500×1500×2200	1500×2100×2200	1800×2200×2200	2000×2500×2200
Weight, kg	450	850	1050	1250	1850

* - performance depends on the density of the material (peat-500kg/m3, coal - 1500 kg/m3)

** - installation is carried out in agreement with the customer

The screw (extruder) press is one of the main types of equipment offered by the Sodruzhestvo company. The screw press is the main element of the line for the production of fuel briquettes, and therefore today it is in great demand in various sectors of the manufacturing and agricultural sector. And especially if this equipment meets international quality standards. The company "Sodruzhestvo" has been working for many years in the production of equipment for industrial and agricultural enterprises. And the quality of the products it offers has been tested on the experience of many representatives of this sector of the economy.

To keep up with the times, the employees of the enterprise are constantly mastering new types of equipment for the production of briquettes, including screw presses of various power and productivity. The company is constantly working on the introduction of new development and maintenance technologies life cycle equipment. This makes it possible to increase the service life of the equipment, as well as improve the quality of products, including equipment for the production of fuel briquettes. At the same time, it should be noted that the quality of the equipment we offer is close to European, while prices remain Russian.

The screw presses offered by us and additional equipment for the production of briquettes are capable of manufacturing products from various kinds industrial and vegetable raw materials: coal dust of various grades, peat, sapropel and other types of raw materials with a sufficient content of lignin. In the process of preparing raw materials, there is no need to use any additives as a binder. Lignin itself acts as a natural "glue". Mandatory conditions for obtaining a high-quality briquette with this technology are a fine fraction (0-5 mm) and the necessary moisture content of the raw material. The fine fraction is obtained using a crusher. And the humidity is regulated by drying or vice versa by adding water and thoroughly mixing in a forced-action mixer.

But we will not talk much about all the advantages that equipment for the production of fuel briquettes has. It's best to check it out for own experience. See for yourself the advantages of the equipment of the company "Commonwealth", which can become a reliable partner and supplier of equipment for the production of fuel briquettes for your company. Employees of the company will manufacture equipment in accordance with your requirements, as well as share many years of invaluable experience.

All equipment for the production of fuel briquettes, including the screw (extruder) press, are manufactured by the Sodruzhestvo company, taking into account the requirements fire safety. All equipment offered by Sodruzhestvo is provided with a quality guarantee, as well as a full range of post-warranty maintenance of equipment.

Approximately 25% of the mined coal has a fine and pulverized fraction. This type of fuel is not in demand among consumers due to low heat output. It is also inconvenient for heating private houses: it wakes up through the grate and therefore has low efficiency, often a large amount of fine or pulverized fuel blocks the access of oxygen, which causes the furnace to die out. For these reasons, a lot of dust and coal of fine fractions (up to 6 mm in size) accumulates in warehouses, in fuel sheds in private courtyards. The problem is solved in the production of briquetted coal. This technology makes it possible to produce fuel briquettes from coal dust at high pressure. Why are charcoal briquettes good? They tolerate transportation and storage well, have a high calorific value compared to the starting materials (at least 6000 kcal / kg), do not emit smoke and gases, burn out completely, without sintering, but decomposing into ash (the ash content of a high-quality coal briquette is not more than 10% by volume, but usually much less).

Coal briquetting technologies

Coal briquettes are made from brown coal, anthracite and hard coal crumbs and dust, semi-coke and coke breeze. Depending on the type of feedstock, binders are added or not.

The formation of briquettes from brown coal occurs without the addition of binders, since the material itself contains up to 20% bitumen. During processing, raw materials are crushed, heated and dried, bringing moisture to 18-20%. After cooling, the resulting crumb is fed into a high-pressure press, where lumpy fuel is formed. After cooling, they can be used or improved. quality characteristics in semi-coking plants.

Briquetting of coal fines can also occur both with and without binders. In industrial production, the following substances are added as a binder:

• oil bitumen;
• lignosulfonates;
• molasses;
• liquid glass;
• cement.

Liquid glass and cement are used in the processing of certain types of coal and fine coke. Such briquettes are used in metallurgy in those processes where the presence of such components is permissible. Coal tar and petroleum bitumen are also used to produce industrial fuels. Such briquettes are not suitable for home heating: benzopyrene and other harmful substances are released during combustion, so they are prohibited by the SES and the demand for them is very limited.

For household briquettes, starches are most often used as a binder, which are added to crumbs until a viscous mass is obtained. Sometimes sugar, cellulose, molasses are added. Clay, gypsum and lime are used less often, as they increase the ash content and reduce the specific heat of the fuel. The type and quantity of the binder component is selected based on the qualities of the raw coal during the production process. The mechanical characteristics of the briquette serve as a guideline, but it is also important the energy value received fuel.

The production of coal briquettes for domestic use consists of the following steps:

• Drying. The less moisture in the raw material, the stronger the briquettes will be.
• Removal of volatile constituents. This stage is necessary when processing low-grade coal with a content of a large number volatile substances. Use for this coke oven or distillation apparatus.
• Grinding.
• Adding binders and mixing it with coal chips. This composition is called a mixture.
• The mixture is fed to a press, where briquettes are formed under pressure.
• In some cases (depending on the binder used) heating in an oven up to 300°C is required.
• Cooling.

Developments recent years made it possible to form coal briquettes without the use of binders from any waste from the coal industry. Briquetting in such installations takes place in two stages. First, the crushed coal goes through an initial compaction by removing voids between the particles. Then, by increasing the pressure to 100-200 MN/m 2 is the deformation and compaction of the particles themselves.

In this case, phenols and resins are released, which, when water is added, form a natural binder. The whole process is controlled by a microprocessor. The briquettes obtained in this way burn without smoke and do not emit harmful substances. Needless to say, such a coal briquetting press costs a lot? Hence the high cost of the final product. But coal of any brand is processed, the briquettes are strong, with a high calorific value, they burn without smoke and any significant emissions to the atmosphere.

There are several other technologies that make it possible to make coal briquettes without binders. For this, special roller presses are used, but not all brands are processed in this way. In some developments, some of the feedstock with a high resin content (caking coals) is added to the crumb of high-grade coals. The resulting mixture is heated to the temperatures of plastification of sintering coals, after which the mixture is slightly cooled and then briquettes are formed.

Briquetting coal at home

Since the equipment for the production of coal briquettes cannot be called cheap, it is unprofitable to buy it for home use. But folk craftsmen found a way out of the situation here too. There is such a way to make acceptable fuel from coal dust:

• Take clay 5-10% by weight of the available raw coal, dilute it to a mushy state and mix with coal chips.
• Place the composition tightly into the prepared forms.
• Turn the molded briquette onto a plastic film, where to leave to dry. After a few days, they become strong enough to be stored in low stacks.

This type of fuel is suitable for heating a private house. But it is impossible to transport such briquettes - they crumble. They burn better than dust and give out more heat, but they have a rather high ash content - clay is added to the "own" ash.

There is also a mechanical method of briquetting fine coal and its dust. With the use of such a press, industrial volumes cannot be reached and the resulting products cannot be transported, but it is possible to form fuel quite suitable for your furnace from dust.

That's how these briquettes burn.

Agree, the installation looks quite workable, and having hands to make it is not so difficult.

Briquetting of charcoal

In the production of charcoal, about a quarter of it turns out to be substandard - small pieces and dust. To turn this waste into income, you can make briquettes out of them. Charcoal briquettes can also be made at home, if necessary, you can make raw materials for this (). The principle of charcoal briquetting is no different from the formation of the same fuel from coal:

• Substandard coal is crushed.
• mixed with a binder. In this case, a regular starch paste will do a good job. The output should be a slightly damp mass. Part of the dust rolls into small lumps.
• The resulting mixture is fed into the press, where briquettes are formed.

This video clearly shows the whole technology of charcoal briquetting, but the guys created a mold especially for the customer (church charcoal tablets for incense were ordered). Similarly, you can make a form of any configuration.

conclusions. Briquettes from crumbs of coal and dust (stone and wood) can be made at home. At the same time, it is difficult to achieve commercial results (only due to automation, which means expensive equipment), but for home use it is difficult to manufacture easy installation really.

Sooner or later, every enterprise engaged in work related to the sale or processing of any type of coal faces the problem of the accumulation of coal fines and dust. The pulverized fraction from 0 to 6 mm averages at least 25% of the total mass of incoming raw materials and, as a rule, entails difficulties in marketing this volume or a significant reduction in the cost of its sale.

One of the most effective methods The solution to this problem is to use the accumulated coal dust to produce coal briquettes. The production of a fuel briquette, with all the attractiveness of this idea, has not such a long history. Real interest in this issue has become acute and relevant only recently, due to a significant rise in the price of fuel, including coal products.

Most attempts to organize the production of coal briquettes were brought to naught either by the high cost of technology, or by the unsatisfactory quality and characteristics of the resulting briquettes associated with the use of cheap, but poorly combustible binders, which greatly increased the ash content and minimized sales performance.
Our company offers an exclusive set of equipment that allows using a fairly simple technology to avoid the use of binders and other impurities in the production of briquettes, with the exception of plain water.

This allows you to end up with a briquette in composition and characteristics that is not inferior to the original varietal type of coal and avoid the usual disadvantages (extraneous smell, high ash content, low calorie content, etc.) The main working unit of the proposed equipment are extruder presses, which are specially designed for briquetting rocks, anthracite fines, coal sludge, brown coal crumbs, peat, etc. The pressing technology is based on adhesive-chemical processes occurring in viscous-chemical systems formed by finely dispersed particles of fossil coals, which themselves act as binders. Simply put, during the operation of the press, such physical and chemical conditions are created that cause the fossil organic components (phenols, resins, wax, etc.) already included in the composition of coal to polarize on the surface of the particles with the participation of water, causing them to bind to each other. When cooling and drying, the briquette hardens and becomes fixed. Briquetted fuel has high heat and power properties, in particular, sufficient mechanical strength, water resistance and heat resistance. The layer of such fuel during combustion has good gas permeability, which ensures a full degree of combustion even at a relatively high ash content. In order to achieve maximum performance of briquetting presses, our company has developed storage bins with screw prepressors, which ensure uninterrupted supply of the charge under the required pressure and at the calculated speed. In addition, the briquetting line includes box conveyors with air coolers and a thermal grotto. Mixing drums with a capacity of up to one ton of finished raw materials have been developed to obtain the required moisture content of the charge.
Thanks to simplicity technological process, the equipment does not have complex technological units, during operation and repair does not require highly qualified service personnel and works reliably in all conditions.

1. Line for briquetting 16 tons per shift (shift 8 working hours). The following equipment:

Equipment	Capacity t/h	Number of units	Energy consumption kWh
Hammer crusher	2-10	1	15
Forced mixer	2-3	1	3
extruder press	2	1	18
Conveyor dryer (level 2)	2	1	20
Belt conveyor	2	3	1,5
Cooling conveyor	2	1	2,5

2. Line for briquetting 40 tons per shift (shift 8 working hours). The following equipment:

Equipment	Capacity t/h	Number of units	Energy consumption kWh
Hammer crusher	5	1	22
Forced mixer	5	1	3
extruder press	5	1	40
Dryer conveyor (level 3)	5	1	30
Belt conveyor	5	3	3
Cooling conveyor	5	1	3