Body temperature in animals table. body temperature in animals. Temperature standards for pets

Increased body temperature If an animal suddenly begins to increase body temperature, he should not be given medicines intended for humans, as this can cause exactly the opposite effect. After the procedure, you need to measure the body temperature again

cat body temperature

Body temperature of a cat Both a veterinary and medical thermometer can be used to measure the body temperature of a cat. Before measuring the temperature, the thermometer is checked for integrity, especially its lower part, where mercury is located: it is shaken. Reservoir with

Body temperature

Body Temperature If you live in a non-tropical climate, a common symptom to look out for during the transition to JBE is feeling cold. Hands and feet become icy even if the ambient temperature is not lower than 25 degrees Celsius. The person may be cold

Body temperature, electrolytes and running

Body Temperature, Electrolytes, and Running Body temperature varies greatly from place to place. It changes under the influence of physical activity and the influence of environmental factors. The human body has two main ways of dissipating heat: through

Body temperature

Body Temperature All the energy reactions that produce the "fuel" needed for muscle contractions are exothermic reactions that produce heat; The body's heat production rate is the rate at which energy is released from nutrients.

Maintaining a constant body temperature by the body is an important criterion for the health of the animal and is called thermoregulation.

Body temperature- an indicator of the thermal state of the animal body.

Animals that are able to independently maintain the temperature of their body within certain limits, regardless of the ambient temperature, are called warm-blooded(homeothermic), they include mammals and birds.

Animals that cannot maintain their own body temperature are called cold-blooded(poikilothermic), these include reptiles, amphibians, fish, whose body temperature practically does not differ from the ambient temperature.

Body temperature is an important criterion for assessing the state of the body of a warm-blooded animal. Increase (hyperthermia) or depression (hypothermia) temperature by several degrees leads to metabolic disorders and can cause death.

In the work of a veterinary specialist, thermometry (measurement of body temperature) is a routine, everyday, repeated, but extremely necessary procedure that allows you to quickly obtain data on the general condition of the patient's body.

What pet owners should know about this procedure:

1. From the point of view of modern veterinary medicine, the temperature and condition (humidity / dryness) of the nasal mirror are NOT reliable criteria reflecting the actual core body temperature (although both the nose and auricles can be cold/hot during hypo/hyperthermia, such observations are subjective and do not always correlate with rectal temperature).
2. In cases where the body temperature exceeds the norm significantly, hyperthermia can be assumed simply by touching the animal.
3. Measurement of temperature "as in humans" in the axillary region is not considered reliable in animals.
4. The only reliable method for determining body temperature is its rectal measurement.
5. In many situations, the general "bad" state of the animal (lethargy, drowsiness, refusal to eat) is due precisely/only to hyperthermia. Timely use of antipyretics (in cases where emergency assistance is required or there is no possibility to conduct an additional examination) can greatly alleviate the condition.
6. Significant hypothermia is also a reason to provide emergency assistance, especially the creation of artificial heating (heating pads, wraps) during the period when the owners get to the veterinary clinic.



7. Measuring body temperature is a simple procedure. Pet owners can do it themselves at home.
8. Temperature measurement can be carried out both with mercury and electronic - medical thermometers (which can be purchased at any medical ("human") pharmacy).
9. The measurement is carried out by inserting the tip of the thermometer, previously lubricated with ointment, into the anus and holding it there until the end of the measurement (the electronic thermometer sensor is triggered or the scale on the mercury thermometer stops growing).
10. In small animals with a fast metabolism (rodents, small birds), the determination of body temperature is most often impractical. It also makes no sense to measure body temperature in cold-blooded reptiles and amphibians.
11. Normal body temperature in animals different types differs significantly. In most species of domestic animals, the body temperature is higher than human (from 35.5 to 37.4 ° C). Temperature standards are presented in table number 1. For many species of animals (especially exotic ones), temperature norms are not defined or vary significantly in different sources.

In this way, thermometry is a simple but extremely informative procedure. It is important for owners to have an idea about the measurement technique, to know the temperature norm for their pet and to have a separate thermometer for the animal in the first-aid kit.

* Table No. 1: the body temperature of animals is normal

Kind of animal	Body temperature, °С
Dog	37,5 — 39
Cat	38 — 39,5
Rabbit	38,5 — 39,5
Ferret	38,7 — 39,4
Mink	39,5 — 40,5
Pig	38,0 — 40,0
Raccoon	37,1 — 39,1
Fox	38,7 — 40,7
baboon hamadryas	38,0 — 39,0
Budgerigar	41,0 — 42,0
Chicken	40,5 — 42,0
Duck	41,0 — 43,0
Goose	40,0 — 41,0
Guinea pig	37,0 — 39,0
Rat	37,0 — 38,0
Mouse	38,5 — 39,3
Hamster	37,5 — 38,5
Chipmunk	38,0 – 39,5
Squirrel	38,0 — 39,5
Chinchilla	36,0 — 37,5
Horse	37,5 — 38,5
A donkey	37,5 — 38,5
Sheep, goat	38,5 — 40,0

Veterinarian Kazakov A.A.

A high temperature in a cow is an indicator that indicates violations in the animal's body. As in humans, its increase indicates the occurrence of an inflammatory process or infection. It is important to understand what temperature is considered elevated in cows and how to measure it correctly. The article will announce the main causes of animal hyperthermia.

Normal body temperature

What are the normal values ​​​​of body temperature in cows and calves, every farmer should know. Early diagnosis of diseases allows you to quickly restore the health of the animal and prevent the development of complications, and sometimes avoid death. Consider at what values ​​of the thermometer an adult is considered healthy.

normal temperature in cows

The rate of metabolic processes in females and males is slightly different. They proceed a little faster in females, so the body temperature in females is slightly higher. It is not possible to determine the presence of deviations from the norm by the skin. The skin of a large cattle always cool.

The following indicators of the thermometer are considered to be the normal temperature in cows:

• In males - 38-39 degrees.
• In females - 38-39.5 degrees.

In the evening, a slight excess of these values ​​\u200b\u200bcan be recorded, this is considered the norm.

Important! During pregnancy and estrus, the body temperature of a cow is always slightly higher than normal.

Calves

Temperature control in calves is very important - newborn animals and individuals under one year of age are at risk of infection more often than adults. Their immunity is very weak. To identify health problems, you need to remember what is the normal temperature for calves:

1. At the age of up to 6 weeks - 39-40.2.
2. Up to 2-2.5 months - 39-40.
3. Up to a year - 38.5-39.8.

Focusing on these values, one can judge the state of health of the calf. If the thermometer rises to 40.5, this is a reason to call the veterinary service.

Other signs of poor health in cows

It is difficult to imagine that in a large farming daily temperature measurements were taken in cows. This process is fraught with inconvenience, so attentive farmers are guided by other signs that indicate deviations in the condition of animals. An increase in temperature can be judged by the behavior of the cow. If the animal does not feel well, note the following:

1. The cow is depressed, looks sad, lethargic.
2. Loses appetite.
3. The gait becomes wobbly.
4. There is muscle tremor.

If you notice something like this, you should measure the temperature. There are many reasons for its increase, we will consider the most common of them below.

Causes of an increase in body temperature

Although a veterinarian should conduct a diagnosis of the condition of the animal, farmers still need to have some idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe possible causes of hyperthermia. Like humans, mammals suffer from various ailments. Bacterial and viral infections often provoke the development of inflammatory processes in the body of a cow. Other causes of hyperthermia include the following:

1. Poisoning with poor quality food.
2. Wrong nutrition.
3. Health problems after calving.
4. Diseases of the respiratory system.

Reference. If the cow's body temperature has risen to 41 degrees and above, this indicates an acute course of the disease. The thermometer shows such values ​​\u200b\u200bfor viral infections. With sluggish inflammation, the thermometer rises slightly.

poisoning

Poisonous substances can be ingested by livestock - fertilizers for the garden or substances for pest control. If the grazing rules are violated, the animal can eat grass containing poisons or mushrooms. In this case, the cow has an increase in temperature. It may be minor, but it is always accompanied by other symptoms:

1. Upset stomach.
2. General oppression.
3. Inappropriate behaviour.
4. Shaky gait.
5. Sometimes convulsions.

In case of poisoning, you need to act quickly. The main task is to remove toxins from the cow's body. You will need urgent help from the veterinary service.

Reference. A cow can be poisoned even by green potatoes that have been in contact with the sun. Carefully check what the animal eats.

Poor nutrition

Body temperature in cows rises slightly if the animal receives poor nutrition. Rotten root crops, hay or other feed are a source of pathogenic bacteria. Having penetrated the stomach and intestines, they begin to multiply and cause inflammation of the mucous membrane of the organs and the digestive tract.

Diseases

Infectious diseases are always accompanied by hyperthermia. When the virus enters the blood of an animal, the body begins active struggle with them. Fever and fever are a protective reaction of the immune system. In addition to diseases caused by viruses, various inflammatory diseases also cause hyperthermia. Consider the diseases of cows, accompanied by a change in temperature indicators:

1. Plague.
2. Leukemia.
3. Leptospirosis.
4. Pneumonia.
5. Various types of mastitis.
6. Endometritis.
7. Brucellosis.
8. FMD.

Reference. In some diseases, the thermometer shows a decrease in the mercury column, for example, with puerperal paresis. This condition is no less dangerous for the animal and cannot be ignored.

Complications after calving

After the birth of the calf, the cow is weakened and prone to the development of various diseases. Often during this period there are complications after calving, accompanied by temperature deviations. These include:

• Maternity paresis (temperature drops).
• Detention of the placenta.
• Injuries of the birth canal and their infection.

Veterinarians recommend daily monitoring of the cow's temperature. Any deviation from the norm indicates the possible onset of the pathological process.. If the placenta is delayed for more than a day, you need to urgently seek veterinary help. Otherwise, the decomposition of the tissue in the uterus of the animal will begin, and after that the infection will spread to the internal organs.

Body temperature measurement

To measure the body temperature of a cow, you can use one of the following devices:

1. Ordinary mercury thermometer.
2. electronic analogue.

Veterinarians recommend taking precautions - a sick animal can butt or kick a person. Before the procedure, the thermometer is treated with alcohol, after the measurement, the device is also disinfected. The tip of the thermometer is generously lubricated with petroleum jelly and gently inserted into the rectum. The mercury thermometer is held for 6-7 minutes before taking readings. An electronic analogue will report reliable data in a minute.

Keeping cattle requires a careful approach to your animals and some knowledge in the field of veterinary medicine. It is important to know what temperature in cows and calves is considered normal, from which it can rise or fall. If you find any significant deviations from the norm (by 1-1.5 degrees), you should contact the veterinary service. Delay can lead to complications of disease and death of animals.

An increased or decreased temperature in chickens may indicate internal inflammatory processes. Also, this indicator affects the productivity and egg production of the chicken. Therefore, it is necessary to comply with the rules for keeping poultry and to know the body temperature of the chicken in a normal state.

Chicken eggs are genetically programmed to develop normally when incubated by a female hen. Of decisive importance here is the body heat of the mother hen.

Contrary to the opinion of experts, it does not increase, but decreases. In the first week it is 38-39°C, in the last it rises to 40°C.

Normal body temperature of common species of animals and birds

When sick

Chickens are susceptible to many diseases.

The most common are infectious:

• Bronchitis and paralysis;
• Bird flu;
• Coliinfection;
• Atypical plague;
• Pasteurellosis.

The first sign of these and other diseases is the onset of fever, especially if it is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• Lethargy, refusal to eat;
• Discharge of mucus from the eyes and beak;
• Diarrhea.

Monitoring the temperature of the bird will help to diagnose diseases in a timely manner. The temperature of the mother hen is measured with a vaseline-lubricated thermometer, which is carefully inserted into the cloaca. This is the hole through which the birds poop.

Hypothermia and hypothermia in chickens

The peculiarity of the organism of these birds is such that a temperature increase of 0.5 ° C is abnormal and requires the attention of the owner. But this does not always indicate a disease.

Other common reasons why a chicken's body temperature is abnormal are:

• Stress. Chickens quickly get used to the routine, and any major changes in the daily routine and the world around them can cause serious stress. Even a change in diet or transfer to another room can make these birds nervous;
• Heat. If the chicken coop or aviary is more than 30 ° C, the chickens get hot. The processes of heat exchange with the environment do not lead to proper cooling of the body due to the absence of sweat glands in these birds.

Important. Hypothermia is also dangerous, especially for chickens and young animals.

Heat stress occurs, which can lead to death from heat stroke.

Overheating is indicated by the behavior of chickens:

• They open their beak;
• Breathe often
• Lie down on the ground with half-opened wings.

The temperature threshold is 33°C.

These reasons can be easily eliminated with proper care and compliance with the standard requirements for a chicken coop. But if the temperature does not return to normal for more than a day or is increased by more than a degree, this is an occasion for a visit to the veterinarian.

What does temperature depend on?

In all living beings, the normal body temperature depends on internal processes, and is optimal for the metabolism inherent in this species. The more intense it is, the more heat energy is released during the breakdown of substances in the process of cellular nutrition.

Second important factor- the temperature of the environment with which the body of a living being constantly exchanges heat. In hot weather, the body will be warmer, in a cold room - colder.

Maintaining a constant body temperature by the body is an important criterion for the health of the animal and is called thermoregulation.

Body temperature- an indicator of the thermal state of the animal body.

Animals that are able to independently maintain the temperature of their body within certain limits, regardless of the ambient temperature, are called warm-blooded(homeothermic), they include mammals and birds.

Animals that cannot maintain their own body temperature are called cold-blooded(poikilothermic), these include reptiles, amphibians, fish, whose body temperature practically does not differ from the ambient temperature.

Body temperature is an important criterion for assessing the state of the body of a warm-blooded animal. Increase (hyperthermia) or depression (hypothermia) temperature by several degrees leads to metabolic disorders and can cause death.

In the work of a veterinary specialist, thermometry (measurement of body temperature) is a routine, everyday, repeated, but extremely necessary procedure that allows you to quickly obtain data on the general condition of the patient's body.

What pet owners should know about this procedure:

1. From the point of view of modern veterinary medicine, the temperature and condition (humidity / dryness) of the nasal mirror are NOT reliable criteria reflecting the actual core body temperature (although both the nose and auricles can be cold/hot during hypo/hyperthermia, such observations are subjective and do not always correlate with rectal temperature).
2. In cases where the body temperature exceeds the norm significantly, hyperthermia can be assumed simply by touching the animal.
3. Measurement of temperature "as in humans" in the axillary region is not considered reliable in animals.
4. The only reliable method for determining body temperature is its rectal measurement.
5. In many situations, the general "bad" state of the animal (lethargy, drowsiness, refusal to eat) is due precisely/only to hyperthermia. Timely use of antipyretics (in cases where emergency assistance is required or there is no possibility to conduct an additional examination) can greatly alleviate the condition.
6. Significant hypothermia is also a reason to provide emergency assistance, especially the creation of artificial heating (heating pads, wraps) during the period when the owners get to the veterinary clinic.



7. Measuring body temperature is a simple procedure. Pet owners can do it themselves at home.
8. Temperature measurement can be carried out both with mercury and electronic - medical thermometers (which can be purchased at any medical ("human") pharmacy).
9. The measurement is carried out by inserting the tip of the thermometer, previously lubricated with ointment, into the anus and holding it there until the end of the measurement (the electronic thermometer sensor is triggered or the scale on the mercury thermometer stops growing).
10. In small animals with a fast metabolism (rodents, small birds), the determination of body temperature is most often impractical. It also makes no sense to measure body temperature in cold-blooded reptiles and amphibians.
11. Normal body temperature varies greatly among animals of different species. In most species of domestic animals, the body temperature is higher than human (from 35.5 to 37.4 ° C). Temperature standards are presented in table number 1. For many species of animals (especially exotic ones), temperature norms are not defined or vary significantly in different sources.

In this way, thermometry is a simple but extremely informative procedure. It is important for owners to have an idea about the measurement technique, to know the temperature norm for their pet and to have a separate thermometer for the animal in the first-aid kit.

* Table No. 1: the body temperature of animals is normal

Kind of animal	Body temperature, °С
Dog	37,5 — 39
Cat	38 — 39,5
Rabbit	38,5 — 39,5
Ferret	38,7 — 39,4
Mink	39,5 — 40,5
Pig	38,0 — 40,0
Raccoon	37,1 — 39,1
Fox	38,7 — 40,7
baboon hamadryas	38,0 — 39,0
Budgerigar	41,0 — 42,0
Chicken	40,5 — 42,0
Duck	41,0 — 43,0
Goose	40,0 — 41,0
Guinea pig	37,0 — 39,0
Rat	37,0 — 38,0
Mouse	38,5 — 39,3
Hamster	37,5 — 38,5
Chipmunk	38,0 – 39,5
Squirrel	38,0 — 39,5
Chinchilla	36,0 — 37,5
Horse	37,5 — 38,5
A donkey	37,5 — 38,5
Sheep, goat	38,5 — 40,0

Veterinarian Kazakov A.A.