Small kema. Small kema from childhood. How to deal with sunburn if you are burned

Municipal area Rural settlement Coordinates

The village of Malaya Kema is equated with the regions of the Far North.

Geography

The village of Malaya Kema stands on the left bank of the river Malaya Kema and on the coast of the bay Malaya Kema Sea of ​​Japan.

The road to the village of Malaya Kema goes north from the district center of the village. Terney, a distance of about 100 km, along the seashore about 65 km.

8 km north along the coast of the Sea of ​​​​Japan is the abolished village of Velikaya Kema, forest roads go to it.

Population

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Literature

• Topographic atlas of Primorsky Krai. Compiled by 488 military cartographic factory (Khabarovsk), 1998 edition.

Notes

This article is a stub on geography Rostov with a paramedic entered the corridor. The hospital smell was so strong in this dark corridor that Rostov grabbed his nose and had to stop in order to gather his strength and move on. A door opened to the right, and a thin, yellow man, barefoot and in nothing but underwear, leaned out on crutches. Leaning against the lintel, he looked at the passers-by with shining, envious eyes. Glancing through the door, Rostov saw that the sick and wounded were lying there on the floor, on straw and overcoats. - Can I come in and have a look? Rostov asked. - What to watch? the paramedic said. But precisely because the paramedic obviously did not want to let him in, Rostov entered the soldiers' chambers. The smell he had already smelled in the hallway was even stronger here. This smell has changed somewhat here; it was sharper, and it was sensitive that it was precisely from here that he came. In a long room, brightly lit by the sun through large windows, in two rows, with their heads to the walls and leaving a passage in the middle, lay the sick and the wounded. Most of them were in oblivion and did not pay attention to those who entered. Those that were in the memory all rose or raised their thin, yellow faces, and all with the same expression of hope for help, reproach and envy for someone else's health, without taking their eyes off Rostov. Rostov went to the middle of the room, looked into the neighboring doors of the rooms with the doors open, and saw the same thing on both sides. He stopped, silently looking around him. He never expected to see this. In front of him lay almost across the middle aisle, on the bare floor, a sick man, probably a Cossack, because his hair was cut in a bracket. This Cossack was lying on his back, his huge arms and legs spread out. His face was crimson red, his eyes were completely rolled up, so that only the whites were visible, and on his bare feet and on his hands, still red, the veins tensed like ropes. He hit the back of his head on the floor and said something hoarsely and began to repeat this word. Rostov listened to what he was saying and made out the word he repeated. The word was: drink - drink - drink! Rostov looked around, looking for someone who could put this patient in his place and give him water.

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What UV radiation from the sun is

The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.

• UV-A. Longwave radiation range
  315–400 nm

  The rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric "barriers" and reach the Earth.

• UVB. Medium wave radiation range
  280–315 nm

  The rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UVC. Shortwave radiation range
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effect of the Sun. However, these saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum - in autumn. Cloud cover is one of the most variable weather characteristics. The content of carbon dioxide also changes all the time.

At what values ​​of the UV index is there a danger

The UV index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun on the Earth's surface. UV index values ​​range from safe 0 to extreme 11+.

• 0–2 Low
• 3–5 Moderate
• 6–7 High
• 8–10 Very high
• 11+ Extreme

In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values ​​(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, during the year, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points.

What is the benefit of the sun

In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is essential. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D, necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

Happiness hormone serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.

Why is the sun dangerous?

When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive sunburn always borders on a burn. UV radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive impact. This lowers the immune system, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet destroys the DNA strand

How does the sun affect people?

Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on skin type. The most sensitive to the Sun are people of the European race - for them, protection is required already at an index of 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is affected the most by the Sun?

people with light
skin tone

People with many moles

Residents of the middle latitudes while relaxing in the south

winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun most dangerous

The fact that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather is a common misconception. You can also get burned in cool cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloud cover significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional beach holiday destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get burned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect against harmful rays, observe simple rules:

Get less exposure to the Sun during the midday hours

Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

Stay in the shade more on the beach

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreen varies in terms of sun protection and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the UV rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2%, affects the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is capable of reflecting 100% of ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 and above. However, for fair-skinned people, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to apply sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.

Please refer to the cream instructions for how much to apply.

How to apply sunscreen while swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after bathing. Water washes away the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.

Excessive sweating and rubbing with a towel is also a reason to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide full protection. Sand, water, and even grass reflect up to 20% of UV rays, increasing their impact on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflecting off water, snow, or sand can cause painful retinal burns. Use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter to protect your eyes.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric "filter" is thinner. For every 100 meters of altitude, the UV index increases by 5%.

Snow reflects up to 85% of UV rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.

Thus, in the mountains, the Sun is most dangerous. Protecting the face, lower part of the chin and ears is necessary even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you are burned

Treat the body with a damp sponge to wet the burn

Lubricate the burnt areas with anti-burn cream

If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (skin is very swollen and blisters), seek medical attention.

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Everyone has a childhood and vivid memories of it in adulthood. So do I…. Life has given me many reasons to remember, for which I am deeply grateful or, as they say now, “respect” (to be honest, I don’t really like Americanisms). But more and more often in a dream I keep seeing my dear village in the Terneisky district of Primorsky Krai - small, small Malaya Kema. The village, like, for example, such capitals of the world as New York and Shanghai, stood on the banks of the river and the sea (humor joke). A river with the same name in the village and the corresponding size, and the sea, of course, is Japanese and very cold in that place. The era of developing socialism, which I am now trying to recall, covers the period from the summer of 1977 to almost New Year 1980.
So, my parents in the indicated period of time mastered the sparsely populated places of our boundless Motherland on the Kuril Islands. At that time, my father was a naval aviation officer and led the life of a military unit on the island of Iturupe. The island is the largest and most inhabited in the Kuril ridge, but even this was not enough for a teenager at the age of 10-12 to study and live with his parents. There were options, but all had a drawback, since the nearest school from the garrison was 28 km away, and highways it just wasn't. In many areas up to the village of Reidovoe (it was a boarding school for the children of the Kuril residents there), movement was carried out along the coastline on a powerful military equipment, mostly all-terrain vehicles, But now is not about that ....
For the above reasons, after a similar “business trip” to my maternal grandparents in the city of Syzran, Samara Region (then Kuibyshev Region), my parents sent me here. And here grandfather Pavel and grandmother Iraida on the paternal genealogical line were waiting for me with open arms. Their children: my dad, uncle Sergei and aunts Lyuda, Galya, Tanya and Nina, have left their homes all over the country, but mostly in places Far East. So they were already beginning to yearn for childish pranks, and just then I arrived in time for a visit at 2.5 years old.
Malaya Kema was then an example of developed socialism in the Far Eastern village. There was a fishing collective farm and a sawmill here, which made it quite prosperous against the background of the traditional perception of the country's rural life with characteristic cows, chickens and other living creatures. Although this was all, but on the scale of private households. There were no endless fields with growing agricultural crops here either. The village is ordinary, but not quite ordinary in terms of its economic or industrial structure. Workers of the sawmill and the fish collective farm lived here, and not milkmaids and tractor drivers, which most directly influenced the general way of life and the social atmosphere. Of course, rural life, but with a distinctive flavor.
If we try to briefly, so to speak, episodically reveal the unique Malokemian way of life, then everything will look like this. I propose the disclosure of children's perception of rural life in Malaya Kema according to the scheme "school, home, bathhouse, hiking, hockey."
The school is rural, classes, to put it mildly, are not crowded, that is, you can not mention the prefixes "A", "B", "C" and further alphabetically. Teachers combined many subjects, the level of training is "rural", that is, for example, English language was generally considered an unnecessary subject, for which I still pay with my flaw in this field of knowledge. But, to be honest, everything was decent for a village school: the teachers were professional, the stove in each class was heated hot, the toilet on the street was almost always free, as they smoked in the bushes and secretly. The classrooms were spacious and bright, and the assembly hall hosted social events on a village scale. I was so lucky in general, since my grandfather Pavel was the head teacher of the school in the recent past and they treated me loyally to a certain extent, although after Syzran I was already the most advanced student in the class. Although I did not bother with textbooks, since the "city" school gave me enough head start. There were two Kazantsevs in the class, so the teachers called me and my “opponent” by name, and this is already an application for victory.
The village had about two to two and a half thousand inhabitants and 150-200 households. Houses, as a rule, were typical: one-story with a large attic and for two families. By the way, a vivid impression - all the sidewalks in the village were made in the form of a boardwalk. I haven't been to the villages often, but I haven't seen anything like this anywhere else. Cows, pigs and other large and not very horned and without horns cattle were forbidden to walk on the sidewalks in order to preserve them, here. The apartment or, more correctly, housing consisted of the following premises: a corridor, a veranda, an entrance hall, a kitchen and two rooms. You can live. The stove had such a position in the house that it heated all the rooms except the corridor and the veranda.
Of all the most vivid impressions received in Malaya Kema, one can safely consider going to the toilet in winter. For hygienic and “political” purposes, it was possible to get to it from the house only through the entire personal plot, and these are two rather large territories: a lawn with courtyard buildings for agricultural implements and a summer kitchen, and, in fact, a vegetable garden. So it was more convenient to travel there from the yard. Therefore, when returning from school, I always urged the body to visit this institution several times, so that later, with collisions, I would not rush there at full speed from home.
By the way, I remember that every year we had pigs or a pig in the singular, which were slaughtered for meat in November. And this is not only an adventure associated with their cultivation, but also a real pig breeding. The boys and I regularly did competitive exercises on our Masha (the largest specimen of a sow) for a bet for holding time and the distance traveled, for which I received pretzels from grandma and grandpa.
Bathing was an important part of rural life. For us, grandfather Pavel, this was a real ritual act. A broom, two bottles of Pinocchio or Citro lemonade chilled the day before, hats, mittens and a change of clean clothes made up our equipment. The rest of the personal belongings were in the bath: water, steam, basins. Grandfather steamed enthusiastically, so that when he went into the steam room, many immediately retreated. Well, about the fact that he would sit there, in general, there could be no question. My grandfather is the most real war hero, covered in scars from stab and gunshot wounds. His body seemed to my overheated teenage imagination a real legendary tale of the days of the past war. I always looked at him with pride, which, of course, did not escape the shrewd grandfather, but he did not show it. According to my grandfather, I liked going to the bathhouse with me no less than I did, we were naked there, and, therefore, almost on an equal footing.
Hiking in nature was also an important part of rural life. And this is fishing and hunting, berries and mushrooms, cedar cones and raisins, swimming and sunbathing in summer and autumn, skiing and skating in winter and spring. Only I, as a child of urbanization after Syzran, was not very inspired by mosquitoes and midges, dust in dry weather and dirt in rainy days, hard frosts and winds in the cold season. So, of the listed activities, I liked only the option of going to the forest for cedar cones, since climbing to the top of a mighty cedar and, swinging on it, and dropping cones to those who were below, was a real adventure. And from the drive of this action, it was possible to neglect abrasions, sticky mud from cedar resin, harmful insects and other anti-hygienic problems of wildlife.
I also like hockey in the winter. In Malaya Kema, there was an open hockey field at the school, which we very carefully monitored and looked after: we cleaned it of snow, filled it with water, and did minor repairs to the boards. Here I got on skates and quickly began to progress. The crown of my achievements was participation in the Golden Puck tournament at the regional level. We were trained by the physical teacher of the school. Our achievements were not the most outstanding, but not depressing either. So this could be fully attributed to the merits of the coach and the team.
On this, this short epic about the Far Eastern village and my adolescence in it can be considered complete. The absence of a storyline and the purely narrative nature of this story should not confuse readers, because these are my first experiments in the epistolary genre.