Aviso (ship). Escort and patrol ships Aviso ship

A series of colonial advice letters consisted of 8 units ("Bougainville", "Dumont d'Urville", "Savorgnan de Brazza", "D'Entrecasteaux", "Rigault de Genouilly", "Amiral Charner", "D'lberville", "Villed -Ys "(La Grandiere), built at the shipyards" A C Maritime du Sud Ouest "," F C de la Gironde "," A C de Provence "and put into operation in 1931-1940. The cabin and installations of the main caliber had anti-shatter armor. The notices "Bougainville" and "Rigault de Genouilly" were lost in 1940, "D'lberville" was sunk in 1942, "Dumont d'Urville" and "Amiral Charner" in 1945. The rest of the ships were decommissioned in 1948-1959. The performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 2 thousand tons, total displacement - 2.6 thousand tons; length - 98 m; width - 12.7 m; draft - 4.5 m; speed - 15.5 knots; power installations - 2 diesel engines; power - 3.2 thousand hp; fuel supply - 297 tons of diesel fuel; cruising range - 9 thousand miles; crew - 183 people. Armament: 3x1 - 138-mm guns; 4x1 - 37 -mm or 4x1 - 20 mm anti-aircraft machine; 6x1 - 13.2 mm machine gun Comrade; 50 min, seaplane.

The fish protection ship was built at the Arsenal de Brest shipyard and commissioned in 1918. In 1930, the ship was re-equipped. In 1941, the ship was excluded from the lists of the Navy. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 492 tons; length - 70 m; width - 8.3 m; draft - 3 m; speed - 20 knots; power plants - 2 steam turbine plants and 2 steam boilers; power - 4 thousand hp; fuel reserve - 143 tons of oil; cruising range - 4 thousand miles; crew - 107 people. Armament: 4x1 - 100 mm guns; 1x1 - 75 mm gun; 2 machine guns.

Advice "Ville d'Ys" (Andromeda)

The sloop "Andromeda" was built by the British shipyard "Swan Hunter" in 1916-1917. and bought by France. In 1940, he was expelled from the combat strength of the Navy, in 1945 he was sent for scrapping. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 1.1 thousand tons, total displacement - 1.3 thousand tons; length - 75.4 m; width - 12 m; draft - 5 m; speed - 17.5 knots; power plants - a steam engine and 2 steam boilers; power - 2.8 thousand hp; fuel supply - 270 tons of coal; cruising range - 2.4 thousand miles; crew - 92 people. Armament: 1x1 - 100 mm gun; 3x1 - 75-mm anti-aircraft guns; 2x1 - 47-mm anti-aircraft guns; 2 bombers; release gear.

The notices "Marne", "Somme" and "Yser" were built at the shipyards "Arsenal de Lorient", "Arsenal de Brest", "Arsenal de Rochefort" and put into operation in 1917. In 1920, the ships were re-equipped. Advice "Somme" was scrapped in 1941, "Marne" - scuttled in 1945. "Yser" was scuttled by the crew in 1942, raised and restored by German troops, operated under the designation "SG-37". Sent for scrapping in 1946. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 570 - 600 tons; length - 78 m; width - 9 m; draft - 3.4 m; speed - 20 - 21 knots; power plants - 2 steam turbine plants and 2 steam boilers; power - 4 - 5 thousand hp; fuel reserve - 135 tons of oil; cruising range - 4 thousand miles; crew - 113 people. Armament: 4x1 - 100 mm guns or 1x1 - 75 mm gun and 2x1 - 65 mm guns; 2x1 - 47-mm anti-aircraft guns; release gear.

The ship was laid down at the Arsenal de Rochefort shipyard in 1913 as a fish protection vessel. During construction, it was redesigned into an advice note and in 1918 was put into operation. In 1940, the ship was captured by British troops, who were used for training purposes. In 1945 it was returned to France, in 1947 it was decommissioned. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 585 tons; length - 47 m; width - 8.4 m; draft - 5.8 m; speed - 14.5 knots; power plants - a steam engine and 2 steam boilers; power - 1.2 thousand hp; fuel supply - 105 tons of coal; cruising range - 1.2 thousand miles; crew - 53 people. Armament: 1x1 - 75 mm gun; 1x1 - 47 mm gun.

The notices "Ancre" and "Suippe" were built at the shipyards "Arsenal de Lorient", "Arsenal de Brest" and put into operation in 1918. In the 1930s. the ships were re-equipped. Both ships were excluded from the Navy in 1940. The performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 604 tons; length - 76.2 m; width - 8.7 m; draft - 3.3 m; speed - 20 knots; power plants - 2 steam turbine plants and 2 steam boilers; power - 5 thousand hp; fuel reserve - 143 tons of oil; cruising range - 4 thousand miles; crew - 107 people. Armament: 4x1 - 100 mm guns; 1x1 - 75 mm gun; 2 machine guns; 2 bombers.

The Amiens type advice series at the beginning of the war consisted of 11 units (Arras, Belfort, Lassigny, Les Eparges, Tahure, Coucy, Epinal, Vauquois, Amiens) , "Calais", "Ypres"), built at the shipyards "F C de la Méditerranée", "Arsenal de Brest", "Arsenal de Lorient", "Penhoët", "A C de Bretagne", "A C de la Loire" and introduced commissioned in 1918-1919. Advice "Vauquois" was lost in 1940, "Tahure" - in 1944, "Les Eparges" - scuttled by the crew in 1942, "Ypres" - sent for scrapping in 1942. The rest of the ships were written off in 1946-1949. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 644 tons; length - 72 m; width - 8.4 m; draft - 3.1 m; speed - 19 knots; power plants - 2 steam turbine plants and 2 steam boilers; power - 5 thousand hp; fuel reserve - 200 tons of oil; cruising range - 3 thousand miles; crew - 103 people. Armament: 2x1 - 138 mm or 2x1 - 145 mm guns; 1x1 - 75 mm gun; 4 machine guns; 2 bombers.

The 'Ardent' type advice series consisted of 4 units ('Audacieux', 'Dedaigneuse', 'Etourdi', 'Tapageuse') built at the shipyards 'A C de Provence', 'F C de la Gironde', 'Arsenal de Lorient' and commissioned in 1917. Etourdi and Dedaigneuse were sunk in 1940 and 1942, Audacieux and Tapageuse were scrapped in 1940 and 1944. A variant of the ship with a 630-horsepower diesel engine under the designation "Luronne", sent for scrapping in 1941, is known. length - 60 m; width - 7.2 m; draft - 2.9 m; speed - 14 - 17 knots; power plants - 1 - 2 steam engines and 2 steam boilers; power - 1.5 - 2.2 thousand hp; fuel supply - 85 tons of coal; cruising range - 2 thousand miles; crew - 55 - 60 people. Armament: 2x1 - 100 mm or 2x1 - 138 mm guns; 1x1 - 47 mm gun; 2 bombers.

The Friponne type advice series was a diesel modification of the Ardent advice advice and by the beginning of the war consisted of 3 units: Diligente, Engageante and Conquérante. The ships were built at the Arsenal de Brest shipyard and commissioned in 1917-1918. "Conquérante" and "Diligente" were captured by British troops in 1940. The first one died in 1941, the second was returned to France in 1945. "Engageante" was decommissioned in 1944. The performance characteristics of the ship ("Conquérante"): standard displacement - 315/457 tons; length - 66 m; width - 7.2 / 7.9 m; draft - 2.8 m; speed - 14.5 / 17 knots; power plants - 2 diesel engines; power - 0.9 / 1.8 thousand hp; fuel supply - 30 tons of solarium; cruising range - 3 thousand miles; crew - 54 people. Armament: 2x1 - 100 mm guns; 2 bombers.

Advice "Enseigne Henry" (Dumont d'Urville)

The advice notes "Dubourdieu" and "Enseigne Henry" were a further modification of the advice notes of the "Amiens" type, were built at the shipyard "Arsenal de Lorient" and put into operation in 1918 and 1919. "Enseigne Henry" was scuttled by a crew of c in 1940, and "Dubourdieu" was lost in 1942. The performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 433 tons; length - 65 m; width - 8.2 m; draft - 3.1 m; speed - 16.7 knots; power plants - 2 steam turbine plants and 2 steam boilers; power - 2 thousand hp; fuel reserve - 140 tons of oil; cruising range - 2 thousand miles; crew - 74 people. Armament: 1x1 - 139 mm and 1x1 - 100 mm guns; 2 bombers.

A series of patrol ships based on merchant ships consisted of 7 units: "Marigot", "Cyrnos", "Sidi Obka", "Ville d'Ajaccio", "Cap Corse", "Pascal Paoli" and "Samiero Corso". The ships were built at the shipyards A C de St-Nazaire-Penhoët, Deschimag, A C de Bretagne, A C de Provence and A C de France in 1929-1936. and mobilized in 1939. In 1943, "Cyrnos" and "Pascal Paoli" were captured by German troops and served under the designation SG-13 and SG-5. Died in 1944 and 1943. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 2.4 - 4 thousand tons; length - 85 - 100 m; width - 12 - 16 m; draft - 5 - 6 m; speed - 15 - 18 knots; power plants - 1 - 2 steam engines and 2 steam boilers or 2 diesel engines; power - 1.9 - 5 thousand hp Armament: 4-5x1 - 100-mm guns; 2-6 machine guns.

A series of patrol ships based on coasters consisted of 8 units: "Barsac", "Cerons", "Leoville", "Sauternes" (built in 1922-1923), "Listras", "Pessac" (1907), "Medoc" and "Pomerol" (1930). The ships were built at the shipyards "A C de la Seine-Maritime" and "Henderson" and mobilized in 1939. "Barsac", "Cerons" and "Medoc" were lost in 1940, "Sauternes" - in 1941. The rest of the ships in 1940 were captured by British troops. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 0.8 - 1.2 thousand tons; length - 60 - 72 m; width - 8 - 10 m; draft - 4 - 5 m; speed - 12 knots; power plants - steam engine; power - 600 - 900 hp Armament: 4x1 - 100 mm guns; 2x1 - 37-mm anti-aircraft guns; release gear; 45 depth charges.

A series of trawler-based patrol ships consisted of 44 units. The ships were built in 1906-1937. and mobilized in 1939. During the war, 13 ships were captured by German and British troops. 14 ships were lost. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 0.3 - 1.1 thousand tons; length - 43 - 66 m; width - 7 - 9 m; draft - 4 - 5 m; speed - 10 - 15 knots; power plants - steam engine or diesel engine; power - 0.5 - 1.3 thousand hp Armament: 2-3x1 - 100-mm guns; 2x1 - 37 mm or 20 mm anti-aircraft guns; 1-2 bombers; 24 - 40 depth charges.

The French naval command at a certain time came to the conclusion that it was unprofitable to keep battleships in the colonies in peacetime. When there was no immediate threat from the sea in peacetime, the fleet needed special-purpose ships with a wide range of capabilities - from patrol service and displaying the flag in the colonies to communications and delivery of troops to various regions of the French colonial empire. Avisos were best suited for this purpose - relatively small ships with powerful artillery and shallow draft, in order to be able not only to cruise in the seas and oceans, but also to enter rivers.)

In the thirties of the twentieth century in France, a successful project of colonial advice notes "Bougainville" was developed. A total of 8 ships of this series were produced from 1927 to 1937, named after famous French sailors, travelers, colonialists and military: Bougainville, Admiral Charnier, Dumont d'Urville, d'Antrecosto, " la Grandiere, d'Iberville, Rigaud de Genouille and Savorgnan de Brazza.

The ships of the Bougainville project had a displacement of 2 thousand tons, had a length of 104 meters, a width of 13 meters and a draft of 4.5 meters. One of the main design requirements was a long range, for this purpose as power plant economical diesel engines "Schulzer" of Swiss or "Burmeister and Wein" of Danish production were chosen. Each ship had two engines with a total capacity of 3,200 horsepower, allowing the aviso to reach speeds of up to 17 knots (31 km/h). There was a capacity for diesel fuel with a volume of 297 tons, which allowed the advice note to travel 13,000 nautical miles (24,000 km) autonomously without refueling at an economical speed of 8.5 knots (15.7 km / h).

The armament of the advice note consisted of three single semi-automatic naval artillery pieces of 138 mm caliber (two guns at the bow and one at the stern of the advice note). The gun projectile weight was 40 kg, and the practical maximum firing range was 16.5 km. Air defense guns also had advice - four 37 mm Schneider anti-aircraft guns and six Hotchkiss twin anti-aircraft machine guns with a caliber of 13.2 mm. Each advice note had up to 50 sea mines on board, which made it possible to use it as a mine layer. Also, each advice note even had a seaplane that could be used for reconnaissance, communications and fire adjustment. In terms of armament, the advice note could well be attributed to light cruisers. True, they were the last to lose in speed, but they more than took the range, which was much more important for remote overseas colonies. The crew of each advice note consisted of 14 officers and 121 lower ranks.

Much attention was paid to the conditions of accommodation of the crew. Since the advice was supposed to be used for sailing in the hot latitudes of West Africa, Indochina, Madagascar and the Antilles, the ships were equipped with a powerful ventilation system and even air conditioning. Let me remind you that this was in the thirties of the last century. There were many spacious rooms on the advice note, which made it possible, if necessary, to transport soldiers on each company or to receive staff officers with an admiral at the head. For this purpose, advice notes were equipped with the most modern means connections. In addition to cruising and control ship, the advice could be successfully used as gunboats, entering the numerous full-flowing rivers of Indochina and Africa, and delivering troops to remote regions.

In appearance, the colonial advice notes turned out to be very elegant, with clear lines and looked more like pleasure ships or cruise ships, if not for artillery pieces. They had almost no armor protection, with the exception of thin sheets of armored steel at the wheelhouse and bridge, and the turrets of the main caliber guns. Nevertheless, these handsome men managed to successfully participate in hostilities.

This happened on January 17, 1941 in the Battle of Koh Chang between French and Thai ships during the Franco-Thai War. After the capture of French Indochina by troops Imperial Japan Thailand decided that the time had come to seize the lands disputed with the French in Cambodia. The Thais counted, in addition to their infantry, also on their relatively strong fleet, which included ships of Japanese and Italian construction, which included battleships, destroyers, submarines, gunboats, destroyers and patrol boats.

The colonial fleet of French Indochina, based on Saigon, was able to allocate only five combat-ready ships to counter Siam. Among them were the light cruiser Lamotte Piqué, colonial letters of advice Admiral Charnier and Dumont d'Urville, and two obsolete letters of advice Marne and Taure.

Initially, the French expected to support their advancing infantry units with fire from the sea, but later received an order from Saigon to attack the Siamese fleet, or rather, its grouping, located in the Gulf of Thailand off the island of Koh Chang. The Thai group included the Thonburi coastal defense battleship, the Nong Saray minelayer, the Theo Duck patrol boat, and the Songkla and Chonburi destroyers.

The French divided their forces into three groups: the first group (the cruiser "Lamotte-Piqué") struck from the east, the second group (the colonial advice "Admiral Charnier" and "Dumont d'Urville") was to attack the Thais in the center and drive them under cruiser fire. The third group (the old advice notes "Marne" and "Taure") had an auxiliary task and was to attack from the west if necessary. Thai destroyers were the first to open fire, but their shooting was extremely ineffective.

From the French side, the colonial advice notes were the first to open fire, then the Lamotte Piqué joined them. The French fired better - an hour later both Siamese destroyers sank. Next, the French attacked the main enemy forces. The duel of the flagships - "Lamotte-Piqué" and "Tonburi" began. The Thai battleship had larger caliber guns and better armor protection, but the French shot better - the battleship's steering was disabled and its commander was killed with the first shots.

Soon, the admiral Charnier and Dumont d'Urville, which also began to fire at the Siamese flagship, joined the Lamotte Piqué. On that, fires began and the roll to starboard began to increase. The French could not pursue the Thonburi because of the shallow water, they unsuccessfully fired several torpedoes at it. The Siamese battleship was slowly moving towards the shore.

Attack aircraft of the Siamese Air Force went on the attack, but they dropped the first bomb by mistake on their own battleship, aggravating his condition even more. Damaged "Tonburi" ran aground near the shore, the crew abandoned the ship.

Thai attack aircraft continued to attack the French, but due to the successful firing of anti-aircraft guns, the Europeans stopped their attacks and returned to base. The French ships returned in triumph to Saigon, where an enthusiastic reception awaited them.

Italian wheel advice note 1st rank "Messaggiere" type "Esploratore".

Japanese memo "Yayeyama".

Drawings "Yayeyama".

advice(presumably from Italian avviso - notification) - a class of small, relatively high-speed ships, the main purpose of which was originally a messenger and traveling service, as well as service with a squadron or flagship as a forzeil. The first specialized sailing advices appeared in the fleets of some leading maritime powers in the 18th century, until that time similar functions were assigned to medium-sized sailing and sailing-rowing ships of various classes (packet boats, scampaways, kicks, etc.). By the end of the 19th century, a subclass emerged from the advice note class. colonial memos, which had impressive autonomy and combined some TTE advice notes and a gunboat. At the same time, if ships converted from ships of other classes, or ships of obsolete types, were often used as ordinary advice notes, then colonial advice notes were usually built according to special projects that took into account the climatic and hydrological characteristics of the theaters in which they were to operate.

In the years 1840-1860, in the fleets of Italy and the Italian states (before the unification of the country), advice notes were a rather numerous class, they were divided by ranks depending on the displacement, and according to the type of propulsion - into wheeled and screw ones. In fact, the vast majority of them were mobilized commercial ships, and in the future they were usually reclassified into transports, floating warehouses or floating barracks.

In the 1870s in Germany, mine cruisers were originally classified as advice notes, and in terms of their TTE they roughly corresponded to Russian destroyers - these were generally the first German ships with mine-torpedo weapons. Subsequently, a subclass appeared for a short time in the fleets of a number of countries mine advice, which were more or less successful "variations on the theme" of Russian mine cruisers. They were designed with enhanced artillery armament due to the weakening of the torpedo or completely abandoning it, their main purpose was to protect large ships - battleships, cruisers - from attacks by enemy destroyers at sea, and additional (for those who had torpedo armament) - attack enemy ships with torpedoes. However, if we compare the TTE of these ships with the characteristics of Russian mine cruisers, then the comparison turns out to be clearly in favor of the latter - they could provide fire resistance to mine advice (not to mention smaller destroyers) and attack large enemy ships with torpedoes with great chances of success. The experience of subsequent hostilities confirmed that mine advice could not protect the battleships from destroyer attacks, and turned out to be inferior as torpedo ships. Nevertheless, this subclass, after all the main fleets had "sick" with them, was traditionally borrowed by the Russian fleet, where such ships were classified as counter-destroyers, then fighters.

In the Japanese Navy at the end of the 19th century, ships that the Russians called "armorless cruisers" were classified as advice notes; according to the sum of the TTE, these were ships that roughly corresponded to Russian cruisers of the 2nd rank, but had a more modest artillery armament. A characteristic representative of this class of Japanese ships - the Yayeyama advice note - had three 120-mm and eight 47-mm guns, as well as two 381-mm torpedo tubes, while it still had a 13-mm armored deck, but the relative weakness of weapons did not allow it to be classified either as an armored cruiser, or even as a torpedo-gunboat. In fact, it was the logical finale of the projects mine advice- then it became clear that this concept had finally reached a dead end. The projects of other Japanese advice notes of a similar class were developed on the basis of European projects of torpedo gunboats or

aviso, ital. avviso - notification), messenger ship or advice vessel- a small military, relatively high-speed ship, which was used for reconnaissance and messenger service in the 17th-19th centuries. In the Russian fleet, advice notes were not specially built, and obsolete vessels (ships) were usually used for this purpose.

In the modern fleets of some states (primarily France), an "aviso" is a warship that occupies an intermediate position between a corvette / TFR and a patrol boat.

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Notes

Links

• advice- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
• Aviso // Dictionary of natural sciences

An excerpt characterizing Aviso (ship)

Stella looked with her large, round eyes, as if wanting and not daring to ask something ... Then I decided to help her:
- Do you want me to come again? – I asked with hidden hope.
Her funny face again shone with all shades of joy:
"Are you really coming?" she squeaked happily.
“Really, really, I’ll come ...” I firmly promised ...

Overwhelmed with everyday worries, days turned into weeks, and I still couldn't find free time to visit my cute little friend. I thought about her almost every day and swore to myself that tomorrow I would definitely find time to “take my soul away” with this wonderful bright little man for at least a couple of hours ... And also one more, very strange thought did not give me peace - very I wanted to introduce Stella's grandmother to her no less interesting and unusual grandmother... For some inexplicable reason, I was sure that both these wonderful women would certainly find something to talk about...
So, finally, one fine day, I suddenly decided that it was enough to put off everything “for tomorrow” and, although I was not at all sure that Stella’s grandmother would be there today, I decided that it would be wonderful if today I finally visit my new girlfriend, well, and if you're lucky, then I'll introduce our dear grandmothers to each other.